consul/sdk/iptables/iptables.go

// Copyright (c) HashiCorp, Inc.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MPL-2.0

package iptables

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"strconv"
)

const (
	// ProxyInboundChain is the chain to intercept inbound traffic.
	ProxyInboundChain = "CONSUL_PROXY_INBOUND"

	// ProxyInboundRedirectChain is the chain to redirect inbound traffic to the proxy.
	ProxyInboundRedirectChain = "CONSUL_PROXY_IN_REDIRECT"

	// ProxyOutputChain is the chain to intercept outbound traffic.
	ProxyOutputChain = "CONSUL_PROXY_OUTPUT"

	// ProxyOutputRedirectChain is the chain to redirect outbound traffic to the proxy
	ProxyOutputRedirectChain = "CONSUL_PROXY_REDIRECT"

	// DNSChain is the chain to redirect outbound DNS traffic to Consul DNS.
	DNSChain = "CONSUL_DNS_REDIRECT"

	DefaultTProxyOutboundPort = 15001
)

// Config is used to configure which traffic interception and redirection
// rules should be applied with the iptables commands.
type Config struct {
	// ConsulDNSIP is the IP for Consul DNS to direct DNS queries to.
	ConsulDNSIP string

	// ConsulDNSPort is the port for Consul DNS to direct DNS queries to.
	ConsulDNSPort int

	// ProxyUserID is the user ID of the proxy process.
	ProxyUserID string

	// ProxyInboundPort is the port of the proxy's inbound listener.
	ProxyInboundPort int

	// ProxyInboundPort is the port of the proxy's outbound listener.
	ProxyOutboundPort int

	// ExcludeInboundPorts is the list of ports that should be excluded
	// from inbound traffic redirection.
	ExcludeInboundPorts []string

	// ExcludeOutboundPorts is the list of ports that should be excluded
	// from outbound traffic redirection.
	ExcludeOutboundPorts []string

	// ExcludeOutboundCIDRs is the list of IP CIDRs that should be excluded
	// from outbound traffic redirection.
	ExcludeOutboundCIDRs []string

	// ExcludeUIDs is the list of additional user IDs to exclude
	// from traffic redirection.
	ExcludeUIDs []string

	// NetNS is the network namespace where the traffic redirection rules
	// should be applied. This must be a path to the network namespace,
	// e.g. /var/run/netns/foo.
	NetNS string

	// IptablesProvider is the Provider that will apply iptables rules.
	IptablesProvider Provider

	// AddAdditionalRulesFn can be implemented by the caller to
	// add environment specific rules (like ECS) that needs to
	// be executed for traffic redirection to work properly.
	//
	// This gets called by the Setup function after all the
	// first class iptable rules are added. The implemented
	// function should only call the `AddRule` and optionally
	// the `Rules` method of the provider.
	AddAdditionalRulesFn func(iptablesProvider Provider)
}

// Provider is an interface for executing iptables rules.
type Provider interface {
	// AddRule adds a rule without executing it.
	AddRule(name string, args ...string)
	// ApplyRules executes rules that have been added via AddRule.
	// This operation is currently not atomic, and if there's an error applying rules,
	// you may be left in a state where partial rules were applied.
	// ApplyRules should not be called twice on the same instance in order to avoid
	// duplicate rule application.
	ApplyRules() error
	// Rules returns the list of rules that have been added (including those not yet
	// applied).
	Rules() []string
}

// Setup will set up iptables interception and redirection rules
// based on the configuration provided in cfg.
// This implementation was inspired by
// https://github.com/openservicemesh/osm/blob/650a1a1dcf081ae90825f3b5dba6f30a0e532725/pkg/injector/iptables.go
func Setup(cfg Config) error {
	if cfg.IptablesProvider == nil {
		cfg.IptablesProvider = &iptablesExecutor{cfg: cfg}
	}

	err := validateConfig(cfg)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}

	// Set the default outbound port if it's not already set.
	if cfg.ProxyOutboundPort == 0 {
		cfg.ProxyOutboundPort = DefaultTProxyOutboundPort
	}

	// Create chains we will use for redirection.
	chains := []string{ProxyInboundChain, ProxyInboundRedirectChain, ProxyOutputChain, ProxyOutputRedirectChain, DNSChain}
	for _, chain := range chains {
		cfg.IptablesProvider.AddRule("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-N", chain)
	}

	// Configure outbound rules.
	{
		// Redirects outbound TCP traffic hitting PROXY_REDIRECT chain to Envoy's outbound listener port.
		cfg.IptablesProvider.AddRule("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-A", ProxyOutputRedirectChain, "-p", "tcp", "-j", "REDIRECT", "--to-port", strconv.Itoa(cfg.ProxyOutboundPort))

		// The DNS rules are applied before the rules that directs all TCP traffic, so that the traffic going to port 53 goes through this rule first.
		if cfg.ConsulDNSIP != "" && cfg.ConsulDNSPort == 0 {
			// Traffic in the DNSChain is directed to the Consul DNS Service IP.
			cfg.IptablesProvider.AddRule("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-A", DNSChain, "-p", "udp", "--dport", "53", "-j", "DNAT", "--to-destination", cfg.ConsulDNSIP)
			cfg.IptablesProvider.AddRule("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-A", DNSChain, "-p", "tcp", "--dport", "53", "-j", "DNAT", "--to-destination", cfg.ConsulDNSIP)

			// For outbound TCP and UDP traffic going to port 53 (DNS), jump to the DNSChain.
			cfg.IptablesProvider.AddRule("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-A", "OUTPUT", "-p", "udp", "--dport", "53", "-j", DNSChain)
			cfg.IptablesProvider.AddRule("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-A", "OUTPUT", "-p", "tcp", "--dport", "53", "-j", DNSChain)
		} else if cfg.ConsulDNSPort != 0 {
			consulDNSIP := "127.0.0.1"
			if cfg.ConsulDNSIP != "" {
				consulDNSIP = cfg.ConsulDNSIP
			}
			consulDNSHostPort := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%d", consulDNSIP, cfg.ConsulDNSPort)
			// Traffic in the DNSChain is directed to the Consul DNS Service IP.
			cfg.IptablesProvider.AddRule("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-A", DNSChain, "-p", "udp", "-d", consulDNSIP, "--dport", "53", "-j", "DNAT", "--to-destination", consulDNSHostPort)
			cfg.IptablesProvider.AddRule("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-A", DNSChain, "-p", "tcp", "-d", consulDNSIP, "--dport", "53", "-j", "DNAT", "--to-destination", consulDNSHostPort)

			// For outbound TCP and UDP traffic going to port 53 (DNS), jump to the DNSChain. Only redirect traffic that's going to consul's DNS IP.
			cfg.IptablesProvider.AddRule("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-A", "OUTPUT", "-p", "udp", "-d", consulDNSIP, "--dport", "53", "-j", DNSChain)
			cfg.IptablesProvider.AddRule("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-A", "OUTPUT", "-p", "tcp", "-d", consulDNSIP, "--dport", "53", "-j", DNSChain)
		}

		// For outbound TCP traffic jump from OUTPUT chain to PROXY_OUTPUT chain.
		cfg.IptablesProvider.AddRule("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-A", "OUTPUT", "-p", "tcp", "-j", ProxyOutputChain)

		// Don't redirect proxy traffic back to itself, return it to the next chain for processing.
		cfg.IptablesProvider.AddRule("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-A", ProxyOutputChain, "-m", "owner", "--uid-owner", cfg.ProxyUserID, "-j", "RETURN")

		// Skip localhost traffic, doesn't need to be routed via the proxy.
		cfg.IptablesProvider.AddRule("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-A", ProxyOutputChain, "-d", "127.0.0.1/32", "-j", "RETURN")

		// Redirect remaining outbound traffic to Envoy.
		cfg.IptablesProvider.AddRule("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-A", ProxyOutputChain, "-j", ProxyOutputRedirectChain)

		// We are using "insert" (-I) instead of "append" (-A) so the provided rules take precedence over default ones.
		for _, outboundPort := range cfg.ExcludeOutboundPorts {
			cfg.IptablesProvider.AddRule("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-I", ProxyOutputChain, "-p", "tcp", "--dport", outboundPort, "-j", "RETURN")
		}

		for _, outboundIP := range cfg.ExcludeOutboundCIDRs {
			cfg.IptablesProvider.AddRule("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-I", ProxyOutputChain, "-d", outboundIP, "-j", "RETURN")
		}

		for _, uid := range cfg.ExcludeUIDs {
			cfg.IptablesProvider.AddRule("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-I", ProxyOutputChain, "-m", "owner", "--uid-owner", uid, "-j", "RETURN")
		}
	}

	// Configure inbound rules.
	{
		// Redirects inbound TCP traffic hitting the PROXY_IN_REDIRECT chain to Envoy's inbound listener port.
		cfg.IptablesProvider.AddRule("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-A", ProxyInboundRedirectChain, "-p", "tcp", "-j", "REDIRECT", "--to-port", strconv.Itoa(cfg.ProxyInboundPort))

		// For inbound traffic jump from PREROUTING chain to PROXY_INBOUND chain.
		cfg.IptablesProvider.AddRule("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-A", "PREROUTING", "-p", "tcp", "-j", ProxyInboundChain)

		// Redirect remaining inbound traffic to Envoy.
		cfg.IptablesProvider.AddRule("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-A", ProxyInboundChain, "-p", "tcp", "-j", ProxyInboundRedirectChain)

		for _, inboundPort := range cfg.ExcludeInboundPorts {
			cfg.IptablesProvider.AddRule("iptables", "-t", "nat", "-I", ProxyInboundChain, "-p", "tcp", "--dport", inboundPort, "-j", "RETURN")
		}
	}

	// Call function to add any additional rules passed on by the caller
	if cfg.AddAdditionalRulesFn != nil {
		cfg.AddAdditionalRulesFn(cfg.IptablesProvider)
	}

	return cfg.IptablesProvider.ApplyRules()
}

func validateConfig(cfg Config) error {
	if cfg.ProxyUserID == "" {
		return errors.New("ProxyUserID is required to set up traffic redirection")
	}

	if cfg.ProxyInboundPort == 0 {
		return errors.New("ProxyInboundPort is required to set up traffic redirection")
	}

	return nil
}