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---
layout: docs
page_title: 'Configuration Entry Kind: Service Router'
description: >-
The service-router config entry kind controls Connect traffic routing and
manipulation at networking layer 7 (e.g. HTTP).
---
# Service Router
The `service-router` config entry kind (`ServiceRouter` on Kubernetes) controls Connect traffic routing and
manipulation at networking layer 7 (e.g. HTTP).
If a router is not explicitly configured or is configured with no routes then
the system behaves as if a router were configured sending all traffic to a
service of the same name.
## Requirements
- Consul [service mesh connect](/docs/connect/configuration) enabled services
- Service to service communication over the protocol `http`
- Consul 1.8.4+ on Kubernetes.
- Consul 1.5.0+ on other platforms.
-> **v1.8.4+:** On Kubernetes, the `ServiceRouter` custom resource is supported in Consul versions 1.8.4+.<br />
**v1.6.0+:** On other platforms, this config entry is supported in Consul versions 1.6.0+.
## Interaction with other Config Entries
- Service router config entries are a component of [L7 Traffic
Management](/docs/connect/l7-traffic).
- Service router config entries are restricted to only services that define
their protocol as HTTP-based via a corresponding
[`service-defaults`](/docs/connect/config-entries/service-defaults) config
entry or globally via
[`proxy-defaults`](/docs/connect/config-entries/proxy-defaults) .
- Any route destination that omits the `ServiceSubset` field is eligible for
splitting via a
[`service-splitter`](/docs/connect/config-entries/service-splitter) should
one be configured for that service, otherwise resolution proceeds according
to any configured
[`service-resolver`](/docs/connect/config-entries/service-resolver).
## UI
Once a `service-router` is successfully entered, you can view it in the UI. Service routers, service splitters, and service resolvers can all be viewed by clicking on your service then switching to the _routing_ tab.
![screenshot of service router in the UI](/img/l7-routing/Router.png)
## Sample Config Entries
### Path prefix matching
Route HTTP requests with a path starting with `/admin` to a different service:
<CodeTabs tabs={[ "HCL", "Kubernetes YAML", "JSON" ]}>
```hcl
Kind = "service-router"
Name = "web"
Routes = [
{
Match {
HTTP {
PathPrefix = "/admin"
}
}
Destination {
Service = "admin"
}
},
# NOTE: a default catch-all will send unmatched traffic to "web"
]
```
```yaml
apiVersion: consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1
kind: ServiceRouter
metadata:
name: web
spec:
routes:
- match:
http:
pathPrefix: /admin
destination:
service: admin
# NOTE: a default catch-all will send unmatched traffic to "web"
```
```json
{
"Kind": "service-router",
"Name": "web",
"Routes": [
{
"Match": {
"HTTP": {
"PathPrefix": "/admin"
}
},
"Destination": {
"Service": "admin"
}
}
]
}
```
</CodeTabs>
### Header/query parameter matching
Route HTTP requests with a special URL parameter or header to a canary subset:
<CodeTabs tabs={[ "HCL", "Kubernetes YAML", "JSON" ]}>
```hcl
Kind = "service-router"
Name = "web"
Routes = [
{
Match {
HTTP {
Header = [
{
Name = "x-debug"
Exact = "1"
},
]
}
}
Destination {
Service = "web"
ServiceSubset = "canary"
}
},
{
Match {
HTTP {
QueryParam = [
{
Name = "x-debug"
Exact = "1"
},
]
}
}
Destination {
Service = "web"
ServiceSubset = "canary"
}
},
# NOTE: a default catch-all will send unmatched traffic to "web"
]
```
```yaml
apiVersion: consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1
kind: ServiceRouter
metadata:
name: web
spec:
routes:
- match:
http:
header:
- name: x-debug
exact: '1'
destination:
service: web
serviceSubset: canary
- match:
http:
queryParam:
- name: x-debug
exact: '1'
destination:
service: web
serviceSubset: canary
# NOTE: a default catch-all will send unmatched traffic to "web"
```
```json
{
"Kind": "service-router",
"Name": "web",
"Routes": [
{
"Match": {
"HTTP": {
"Header": [
{
"Name": "x-debug",
"Exact": "1"
}
]
}
},
"Destination": {
"Service": "web",
"ServiceSubset": "canary"
}
},
{
"Match": {
"HTTP": {
"QueryParam": [
{
"Name": "x-debug",
"Exact": "1"
}
]
}
},
"Destination": {
"Service": "web",
"ServiceSubset": "canary"
}
}
]
}
```
</CodeTabs>
### gRPC routing
Re-route a gRPC method to another service. Since gRPC method calls [are
HTTP/2](https://github.com/grpc/grpc/blob/master/doc/PROTOCOL-HTTP2.md), we can use an HTTP path match rule to re-route traffic:
<CodeTabs tabs={[ "HCL", "Kubernetes YAML", "JSON" ]}>
```hcl
Kind = "service-router"
Name = "billing"
Routes = [
{
Match {
HTTP {
PathExact = "/mycompany.BillingService/GenerateInvoice"
}
}
Destination {
Service = "invoice-generator"
}
},
# NOTE: a default catch-all will send unmatched traffic to "billing"
]
```
```yaml
apiVersion: consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1
kind: ServiceRouter
metadata:
name: billing
spec:
routes:
- match:
http:
pathExact: /mycompany.BillingService/GenerateInvoice
destination:
service: invoice-generator
# NOTE: a default catch-all will send unmatched traffic to "billing"
```
```json
{
"Kind": "service-router",
"Name": "billing",
"Routes": [
{
"Match": {
"HTTP": {
"PathExact": "/mycompany.BillingService/GenerateInvoice"
}
},
"Destination": {
"Service": "invoice-generator"
}
}
]
}
```
</CodeTabs>
### Retry logic
Enable retry logic by delegating this responsibility to Consul and the proxy. Review the [`ServiceRouteDestination`](#serviceroutedestination) block for more details.
<CodeTabs tabs={[ "HCL", "Kubernetes YAML", "JSON" ]}>
```hcl
Kind = "service-router"
Name = "orders"
Routes = [
{
Match{
HTTP {
PathPrefix = "/coffees"
}
}
Destination {
Service = "products"
RequestTimeout = "10s"
NumRetries = 3
RetryOnConnectFailure = true
}
},
{
Match{
HTTP {
PathPrefix = "/orders"
}
}
Destination {
Service = "procurement"
RequestTimeout = "10s"
NumRetries = 3
RetryOnConnectFailure = true
}
}
]
```
```yaml
apiVersion: consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1
kind: ServiceRouter
metadata:
name: orders
spec:
routes:
- match:
http:
pathExact: /coffees
destination:
service: products
requestTimeout: 10s
numRetries: 3
retryOnConnectFailure: true
- match:
http:
pathExact: /orders
destination:
service: procurement
requestTimeout: 10s
numRetries: 3
retryOnConnectFailure: true
```
```json
{
"Kind": "service-router",
"Name": "orders",
"Routes": [
{
"Match": {
"HTTP": {
"PathPrefix": "/coffees"
}
},
"Destination": {
"NumRetries": 3,
"RequestTimeout": "10s",
"RetryOnConnectFailure": true,
"Service": "procurement"
}
},
{
"Match": {
"HTTP": {
"PathPrefix": "/orders"
}
},
"Destination": {
"NumRetries": 3,
"RequestTimeout": "10s",
"RetryOnConnectFailure": true,
"Service": "procurement"
}
}
]
}
```
</CodeTabs>
## Available Fields
<ConfigEntryReference
keys={[
{
name: 'apiVersion',
description: 'Must be set to `consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1`',
hcl: false,
},
{
name: 'Kind',
description: {
hcl: 'Must be set to `service-router`',
yaml: 'Must be set to `ServiceRouter`',
},
},
{
name: 'Name',
description: 'Set to the name of the service being configured.',
type: 'string: <required>',
yaml: false,
},
{
name: 'Namespace',
type: `string: "default"`,
enterprise: true,
description:
'Specifies the namespace to which the configuration entry will apply.',
yaml: false,
},
{
name: 'Partition',
type: `string: "default"`,
enterprise: true,
description:
'Specifies the admin partition to which the configuration will apply.',
yaml: false,
},
{
name: 'Meta',
type: 'map<string|string>: nil',
description:
'Specifies arbitrary KV metadata pairs. Added in Consul 1.8.4.',
yaml: false,
},
{
name: 'metadata',
children: [
{
name: 'name',
description: 'Set to the name of the service being configured.',
},
{
name: 'namespace',
description:
'If running Consul Open Source, the namespace is ignored (see [Kubernetes Namespaces in Consul OSS](/docs/k8s/crds#consul-oss)). If running Consul Enterprise see [Kubernetes Namespaces in Consul Enterprise](/docs/k8s/crds#consul-enterprise) for more details.',
},
],
hcl: false,
},
{
name: 'Routes',
type: 'array<ServiceRoute>',
description: `The list of routes to consider when
processing L7 requests. The first route to match in the list is terminal and
stops further evaluation. Traffic that fails to match any of the provided
routes will be routed to the default service.`,
children: [
{
name: 'Match',
type: 'ServiceRouteMatch: <optional>',
description: `A set of criteria that can
match incoming L7 requests. If empty or omitted it acts as a catch-all.`,
children: [
{
name: 'HTTP',
type: 'ServiceRouteHTTPMatch: <optional>',
description: `A set of [HTTP-specific match criteria](#serviceroutehttpmatch).`,
},
],
},
{
name: 'Destination',
type: 'ServiceRouteDestination: <optional>',
description: `Controls [how to proxy](#serviceroutedestination) the matching request(s) to a service.`,
},
],
},
]}
/>
### `ServiceRouteHTTPMatch`
<ConfigEntryReference
topLevel={false}
keys={[
{
name: 'PathExact',
type: 'string: ""',
description: {
hcl:
'Exact path to match on the HTTP request path.<br><br> At most only one of `PathExact`, `PathPrefix`, or `PathRegex` may be configured.',
yaml:
'Exact path to match on the HTTP request path.<br><br> At most only one of `pathExact`, `pathPrefix`, or `pathRegex` may be configured.',
},
},
{
name: 'PathPrefix',
type: 'string: ""',
description: {
hcl:
'Path prefix to match on the HTTP request path.<br><br> At most only one of `PathExact`, `PathPrefix`, or `PathRegex` may be configured.',
yaml:
'Path prefix to match on the HTTP request path.<br><br> At most only one of `pathExact`, `pathPrefix`, or `pathRegex` may be configured.',
},
},
{
name: 'PathRegex',
type: 'string: ""',
description: {
hcl:
'Regular expression to match on the HTTP request path.<br><br>The syntax is [described below](#regular-expression-syntax).<br><br> At most only one of `PathExact`, `PathPrefix`, or `PathRegex` may be configured.',
yaml:
'Regular expression to match on the HTTP request path.<br><br>The syntax is [described below](#regular-expression-syntax).<br><br> At most only one of `pathExact`, `pathPrefix`, or `pathRegex` may be configured.',
},
},
{
name: 'Methods',
type: 'array<string>',
description:
'A list of HTTP methods for which this match applies. If unspecified all HTTP methods are matched. If provided the names must be a valid [method](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Methods).',
},
{
name: 'Header',
type: 'array<ServiceRouteHTTPMatchHeader>)',
description:
'A set of criteria that can match on HTTP request headers. If more than one is configured all must match for the overall match to apply.',
children: [
{
name: 'Name',
type: 'string: <required>',
description: 'Name of the header to match.',
},
{
name: 'Present',
type: 'bool: false',
description: {
hcl:
'Match if the header with the given name is present with any value.<br><br> At most only one of `Exact`, `Prefix`, `Suffix`, `Regex`, or `Present` may be configured.',
yaml:
'Match if the header with the given name is present with any value.<br><br> At most only one of `exact`, `prefix`, `suffix`, `regex`, or `present` may be configured.',
},
},
{
name: 'Exact',
type: 'string: ""',
description: {
hcl:
'Match if the header with the given name is this value.<br><br> At most only one of `Exact`, `Prefix`, `Suffix`, `Regex`, or `Present` may be configured.',
yaml:
'Match if the header with the given name is this value.<br><br> At most only one of `exact`, `prefix`, `suffix`, `regex`, or `present` may be configured.',
},
},
{
name: 'Prefix',
type: 'string: ""',
description: {
hcl:
'Match if the header with the given name has this prefix.<br><br> At most only one of `Exact`, `Prefix`, `Suffix`, `Regex`, or `Present` may be configured.',
yaml:
'Match if the header with the given name has this prefix.<br><br> At most only one of `exact`, `prefix`, `suffix`, `regex`, or `present` may be configured.',
},
},
{
name: 'Suffix',
type: 'string: ""',
description: {
hcl:
'Match if the header with the given name has this suffix.<br><br> At most only one of `Exact`, `Prefix`, `Suffix`, `Regex`, or `Present` may be configured.',
yaml:
'Match if the header with the given name has this suffix.<br><br> At most only one of `exact`, `prefix`, `suffix`, `regex`, or `present` may be configured.',
},
},
{
name: 'Regex',
type: 'string: ""',
description: {
hcl:
'Match if the header with the given name matches this pattern.<br><br>The syntax is [described below](#regular-expression-syntax).<br><br> At most only one of `Exact`, `Prefix`, `Suffix`, `Regex`, or `Present` may be configured.',
yaml:
'Match if the header with the given name matches this pattern.<br><br>The syntax is [described below](#regular-expression-syntax).<br><br> At most only one of `exact`, `prefix`, `suffix`, `regex`, or `present` may be configured.',
},
},
{
name: 'Invert',
type: 'bool: false',
description: 'Inverts the logic of the match',
},
],
},
{
name: 'QueryParam',
type: 'array<ServiceRouteHTTPMatchQueryParam>)',
description:
'A set of criteria that can match on HTTP query parameters. If more than one is configured all must match for the overall match to apply.',
children: [
{
name: 'Name',
type: 'string: <required>',
description: 'The name of the query parameter to match on.',
},
{
name: 'Present',
type: 'bool: false',
description: {
hcl:
'Match if the query parameter with the given name is present with any value.<br><br>At most only one of `Exact`, `Regex`, or `Present` may be configured.',
yaml:
'Match if the query parameter with the given name is present with any value.<br><br>At most only one of `exact`, `regex`, or `present` may be configured.',
},
},
{
name: 'Exact',
type: 'string: ""',
description: {
hcl:
'Match if the query parameter with the given name is this value.<br><br>At most only one of `Exact`, `Regex`, or `Present` may be configured.',
yaml:
'Match if the query parameter with the given name is this value.<br><br>At most only one of `exact`, `regex`, or `present` may be configured.',
},
},
{
name: 'Regex',
type: 'string: ""',
description: {
hcl:
'Match if the query parameter with the given name matches this pattern.<br><br>The syntax is [described below](#regular-expression-syntax).<br><br>At most only one of `Exact`, `Regex`, or `Present` may be configured.',
yaml:
'Match if the query parameter with the given name matches this pattern.<br><br>The syntax is [described below](#regular-expression-syntax).<br><br>At most only one of `exact`, `regex`, or `present` may be configured.',
},
},
],
},
]}
/>
### `ServiceRouteDestination`
<ConfigEntryReference
topLevel={false}
keys={[
{
name: 'Service',
type: 'string: ""',
description:
'The service to resolve instead of the default service. If empty then the default service name is used.',
},
{
name: 'ServiceSubset',
type: 'string: ""',
description: {
hcl:
"A named subset of the given service to resolve instead of the one defined as that service's `DefaultSubset`. If empty, the default subset is used.",
yaml:
"A named subset of the given service to resolve instead of the one defined as that service's `defaultSubset`. If empty, the default subset is used.",
},
},
{
name: 'Namespace',
type: 'string: ""',
description:
'The Consul namespace to resolve the service from instead of the current namespace. If empty, the current namespace is used.',
enterprise: true,
},
{
name: 'Partition',
type: 'string: ""',
description:
'The Consul admin partition to resolve the service from instead of the current partition. If empty, the current partition is used.',
enterprise: true,
},
{
name: 'PrefixRewrite',
type: 'string: ""',
description: {
hcl:
'Defines how to rewrite the HTTP request path before proxying it to its final destination.<br><br> This requires that either `Match.HTTP.PathPrefix` or `Match.HTTP.PathExact` be configured on this route.',
yaml:
'Defines how to rewrite the HTTP request path before proxying it to its final destination.<br><br> This requires that either `match.http.pathPrefix` or `match.http.pathExact` be configured on this route.',
},
},
{
name: 'RequestTimeout',
type: 'duration: 0',
description:
'The total amount of time permitted for the entire downstream request (and retries) to be processed.',
},
{
name: 'NumRetries',
type: 'int: 0',
description:
'The number of times to retry the request when a retryable result occurs.',
},
{
name: 'RetryOnConnectFailure',
type: 'bool: false',
description: 'Allows for connection failure errors to trigger a retry.',
},
{
name: 'RetryOnStatusCodes',
type: 'array<int>',
description:
'A list of HTTP response status codes that are eligible for retry.',
},
{
name: 'RequestHeaders',
type: 'HTTPHeaderModifiers: <optional>',
description: `A set of [HTTP-specific header modification rules](/docs/connect/config-entries/service-router#httpheadermodifiers)
that will be applied to requests routed to this service.
This cannot be used with a \`tcp\` listener.`,
},
{
name: 'ResponseHeaders',
type: 'HTTPHeaderModifiers: <optional>',
description: `A set of [HTTP-specific header modification rules](/docs/connect/config-entries/service-router#httpheadermodifiers)
that will be applied to responses from this service.
This cannot be used with a \`tcp\` listener.`,
},
]}
/>
### `HTTPHeaderModifiers`
<ConfigEntryReference
topLevel={false}
keys={[
{
name: 'Add',
type: 'map<string|string>: optional',
description: `The set of key/value pairs that specify header values to add.
Use header names as keys. Header names are _not_ case-sensitive.
If header values with the same name already exist, the value set here will
be appended and both will be present.
If Envoy is used as the proxy, the value may contain
[variable placeholders](https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/configuration/http/http_conn_man/headers#custom-request-response-headers) for example
\`%DOWNSTREAM_REMOTE_ADDRESS%\` to interpolate dynamic request
metadata into the value added.`,
},
{
name: 'Set',
type: 'map<string|string>: optional',
description: `The set of key/value pairs that specify header values to add.
Use header names as keys. Header names are _not_ case-sensitive.
If header values with the same name already exist, the value set here will
_replace_ them.
If Envoy is used as the proxy, the value may contain
[variable placeholders](https://www.envoyproxy.io/docs/envoy/latest/configuration/http/http_conn_man/headers#custom-request-response-headers) for example
\`%DOWNSTREAM_REMOTE_ADDRESS%\` to interpolate dynamic request
metadata into the value added.`,
},
{
name: 'Remove',
type: 'array<string>: optional',
description: `The set of header names to remove. Only headers
whose names are a <i>case-insensitive</i> exact match will be removed`,
},
]}
/>
## ACLs
Configuration entries may be protected by [ACLs](/docs/security/acl).
Reading a `service-router` config entry requires `service:read` on the resource.
Creating, updating, or deleting a `service-router` config entry requires
`service:write` on the resource and `service:read` on any other service referenced by
name in these fields:
- [`Routes[].Destination.Service`](#service)
## Regular Expression Syntax
The actual syntax of the regular expression fields described here is entirely
proxy-specific.
When using [Envoy](/docs/connect/proxies/envoy) as a proxy (the only supported proxy in Kubernetes),
the syntax for these fields is version specific:
| Envoy Version | Syntax |
| --------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------- |
| 1.11.2 or newer | [documentation](https://github.com/google/re2/wiki/Syntax) |
| 1.11.1 or older | [documentation](https://en.cppreference.com/w/cpp/regex/ecmascript) |
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