---
layout: docs
page_title: 'Configuration Entry Kind: Ingress Gateway'
description: >-
The `ingress-gateway` config entry kind allows for configuring Ingress gateways
with listeners that expose a set of services outside the Consul service mesh.
---
# Ingress Gateway
This topic provides reference information for the `ingress-gateway` configuration entry.
## Introduction
You can define an `ingress-gateway` configuration entry to connect the Consul service mesh to a set of external services. The specification for ingress gateways include a `listeners` configuration, which exposes the service mesh to the external services. Use camel case (`IngressGateway`) to declare an ingress gateway configuration entry on Kubernetes.
Refer to the [Kubernetes Ingress Gateway](/docs/k8s/connect/ingress-gateways) documentation for information about configuring ingress gateways on Kubernetes.
For other platforms, see [Ingress Gateway](/docs/connect/ingress-gateway).
## Requirements
* Consul versions 1.8.4+ is required to use the `IngressGateway` custom resource on Kubernetes.
* Consul versions 1.8.0+ is required to use the `ingress-gateway` custom resource on all other platforms.
## Usage
1. Verify that your datacenter meets the conditions specified in the [Requirements](#requirements).
1. Specify the `ingress-gateway` (`IngressGateway`) configuration in the agent configuration file (see [config_entries](/docs/agent/options#config_entries)) as described in [Configuration](#configuration).
1. Apply the configuration using one of the following methods:
* Kubernetes CRD: Refer to the [Custom Resource Definitions](/docs/k8s/crds) documentation for details.
* Issue the `consul config write` command: Refer to the [Consul Config Write](/commands/config/write) documentation for details.
## Configuration
Use the following syntax to configure an ingress gateway.
```hcl
Kind = "ingress-gateway"
Name = ""
Listeners = [
{
Port =
Protocol = ""
Services = [
{
Name = ""
}
]
}
]
```
```yaml
apiVersion: consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1
kind: IngressGateway
metadata:
name:
spec:
listeners:
- port:
protocol:
services:
- name:
```
```json
{
"Kind": "ingress-gateway",
"Name": "",
"Listeners": [
{
"Port": ,
"Protocol": "",
"Services": [
{
"Name": ""
}
]
}
]
}
```
```hcl
Kind = "ingress-gateway"
Name = ""
Namespace = ""
Partition = ""
Listeners = [
{
Port =
Protocol = ""
Services = [
{
Name = ""
}
]
}
]
```
```yaml
apiVersion: consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1
kind: IngressGateway
metadata:
name:
namespace:
partition:
spec:
listeners:
- port:
protocol:
services:
- name:
```
```json
{
"Kind": "ingress-gateway",
"Name": "",
"Namespace": "",
"Partition": "",
"Listeners": [
{
"Port": ,
"Protocol": "",
"Services": [
{
"Name": ""
}
]
}
]
}
```
Refer to the [Available Fields](#available-fields) section for complete information about all ingress gateway configuraiton entry options and to the [Example Configurations](#example-configurations) section for example use-cases.
### Scope
[Configuration entries](/docs/agent/config-entries) are global in scope. A configuration entry for a gateway name applies across all federated Consul datacenters. If ingress gateways in different Consul datacenters need to route to different sets of services within their datacenter then the ingress gateways **must** be registered with different names. See [Ingress Gateway](/docs/connect/ingress-gateway) for more information.
### Wildcard Service Specification
Ingress gateways can optionally target all services within a Consul namespace by
specifying a wildcard `*` as the service name. A wildcard specifier allows
for a single listener to route traffic to all available services on the
Consul service mesh, differentiating between the services by their host/authority
header.
A wildcard specifier provides the following properties for an ingress
gateway:
- All services with the same
[protocol](/docs/connect/config-entries/ingress-gateway#protocol) as the
listener will be routable.
- The ingress gateway will route traffic based on the host/authority header,
expecting a value matching `.ingress.*`, or if using namespaces,
`.ingress..*`. This matches the [Consul DNS
ingress subdomain](/docs/discovery/dns#ingress-service-lookups).
A wildcard specifier cannot be set on a listener of protocol `tcp`.
### ACLs
Configuration entries may be protected by [ACLs](/docs/security/acl).
Reading an `ingress-gateway` config entry requires `service:read` on the `Name`
field of the config entry.
Creating, updating, or deleting an `ingress-gateway` config entry requires
`operator:write`.
### Example Configurations
The following examples describe possible use-cases for ingress gateway configuration entries.
#### TCP listener
The following example sets up a TCP listener on an ingress gateway named `us-east-ingress` to proxy traffic to the `db` service. The Consul Enterprise version also posits the gateway listener inside the `default` [namespace](/docs/enterprise/namespaces) and the `team-frontend` [admin partition](/docs/enterprise/admin-partitions):
```hcl
Kind = "ingress-gateway"
Name = "us-east-ingress"
Listeners = [
{
Port = 3456
Protocol = "tcp"
Services = [
{
Name = "db"
}
]
}
]
```
```yaml
apiVersion: consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1
kind: IngressGateway
metadata:
name: us-east-ingress
spec:
listeners:
- port: 3456
protocol: tcp
services:
- name: db
```
```json
{
"Kind": "ingress-gateway",
"Name": "us-east-ingress",
"Listeners": [
{
"Port": 3456,
"Protocol": "tcp",
"Services": [
{
"Name": "db"
}
]
}
]
}
```
```hcl
Kind = "ingress-gateway"
Name = "us-east-ingress"
Namespace = "default"
Partition = "team-frontend"
Listeners = [
{
Port = 3456
Protocol = "tcp"
Services = [
{
Namespace = "ops"
Name = "db"
}
]
}
]
```
```yaml
apiVersion: consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1
kind: IngressGateway
metadata:
name: us-east-ingress
namespace: default
partition: team-frontend
spec:
listeners:
- port: 3456
protocol: tcp
services:
- name: db
namespace: ops
```
```json
{
"Kind": "ingress-gateway",
"Name": "us-east-ingress",
"Namespace": "default",
"Partition": "team-frontend",
"Listeners": [
{
"Port": 3456,
"Protocol": "tcp",
"Services": [
{
"Namespace": "ops",
"Name": "db"
}
]
}
]
}
```
#### Wildcard HTTP Listener
In the following example, two listeners are configured on an ingress gateway named `us-east-ingress`:
* The first listener is configred to listen on port `8080` and uses a wildcard (`*`) to proxy traffic to all services in the datacenter.
* The second listener exposes the `api` and `web` services on port `4567` at user-provided hosts.
* TLS is enabled on every listener.
The Consul Enterprise version implements the following additional configurations:
* The ingress gateway is set up in the `default` [namespace](/docs/enterprise/namespaces) and proxies traffic to all services in the `frontend` namespace.
* The `api` and `web` services are proxied to team-specific [admin partitions](/docs/enterprise/admin-partitions):
```hcl
Kind = "ingress-gateway"
Name = "us-east-ingress"
TLS {
Enabled = true
}
Listeners = [
{
Port = 8080
Protocol = "http"
Services = [
{
Name = "*"
}
]
},
{
Port = 4567
Protocol = "http"
Services = [
{
Name = "api"
Hosts = ["foo.example.com"]
},
{
Name = "web"
Hosts = ["website.example.com"]
}
]
}
]
```
```yaml
apiVersion: consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1
kind: IngressGateway
metadata:
name: us-east-ingress
spec:
tls:
enabled: true
listeners:
- port: 8080
protocol: http
services:
- name: '*'
- port: 4567
protocol: http
services:
- name: api
hosts: ['foo.example.com']
- name: web
hosts: ['website.example.com']
```
```json
{
"Kind": "ingress-gateway",
"Name": "us-east-ingress",
"TLS": {
"Enabled": true
},
"Listeners": [
{
"Port": 8080,
"Protocol": "http",
"Services": [
{
"Name": "*"
}
]
},
{
"Port": 4567,
"Protocol": "http",
"Services": [
{
"Name": "api",
"Hosts": ["foo.example.com"]
},
{
"Name": "web",
"Hosts": ["website.example.com"]
}
]
}
]
}
```
```hcl
Kind = "ingress-gateway"
Name = "us-east-ingress"
Namespace = "default"
TLS {
Enabled = true
}
Listeners = [
{
Port = 8080
Protocol = "http"
Services = [
{
Namespace = "frontend"
Name = "*"
}
]
},
{
Port = 4567
Protocol = "http"
Services = [
{
Namespace = "frontend"
Name = "api"
Hosts = ["foo.example.com"]
Partition = "api-team"
},
{
Namespace = "frontend"
Name = "web"
Hosts = ["website.example.com"]
Partition = "web-team"
}
]
}
]
```
```yaml
apiVersion: consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1
kind: IngressGateway
metadata:
name: us-east-ingress
namespace: default
spec:
tls:
enabled: true
listeners:
- port: 8080
protocol: http
services:
- name: '*'
namespace: frontend
- port: 4567
protocol: http
services:
- name: api
namespace: frontend
hosts: ['foo.example.com']
partition: api-team
- name: web
namespace: frontend
hosts: ['website.example.com']
partition: web-team
```
```json
{
"Kind": "ingress-gateway",
"Name": "us-east-ingress",
"Namespace": "default",
"TLS": {
"Enabled": true
},
"Listeners": [
{
"Port": 8080,
"Protocol": "http",
"Services": [
{
"Namespace": "frontend",
"Name": "*"
}
]
},
{
"Port": 4567,
"Protocol": "http",
"Services": [
{
"Namespace": "frontend",
"Name": "api",
"Hosts": ["foo.example.com"],
"Partition": "api-team"
},
{
"Namespace": "frontend",
"Name": "web",
"Hosts": ["website.example.com"],
"Partition": "web-team"
}
]
}
]
}
```
#### HTTP listener with Path-based Routing
The following example sets up an HTTP listener on an ingress gateway named `us-east-ingress` to proxy
traffic to a virtual service named `api`. In the Consul Enterprise version, `us-east-ingress` is set up in the `default` namespace and `default` partition.
In this use-case, internal-only debug headers should be stripped before responding to external clients.
Requests to internal services should also be labelled to indicate which gateway they came through.
```hcl
Kind = "ingress-gateway"
Name = "us-east-ingress"
Listeners = [
{
Port = 80
Protocol = "http"
Services = [
{
Name = "api"
RequestHeaders {
Add {
"x-gateway" = "us-east-ingress"
}
}
ResponseHeaders {
Remove = ["x-debug"]
}
}
]
}
]
```
```yaml
apiVersion: consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1
kind: IngressGateway
metadata:
name: us-east-ingress
spec:
listeners:
- port: 80
protocol: http
services:
- name: api
# HTTP Header manipulation is not supported in Kubernetes CRD
```
```json
{
"Kind": "ingress-gateway",
"Name": "us-east-ingress",
"Listeners": [
{
"Port": 80,
"Protocol": "http",
"Services": [
{
"Name": "api",
"RequestHeaders": {
"Add": {
"x-gateway": "us-east-ingress"
}
},
"ResponseHeaders": {
"Remove": ["x-debug"]
}
}
]
}
]
}
```
```hcl
Kind = "ingress-gateway"
Name = "us-east-ingress"
Namespace = "default"
Partition = "default"
Listeners = [
{
Port = 80
Protocol = "http"
Services = [
{
Name = "api"
Namespace = "frontend"
RequestHeaders {
Add {
"x-gateway" = "us-east-ingress"
}
}
ResponseHeaders {
Remove = ["x-debug"]
}
}
]
}
]
```
```yaml
apiVersion: consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1
kind: IngressGateway
metadata:
name: us-east-ingress
namespace: default
partition: default
spec:
listeners:
- port: 80
protocol: http
services:
- name: api
namespace: frontend
# HTTP Header manipulation is not supported in Kubernetes CRD
```
```json
{
"Kind": "ingress-gateway",
"Name": "us-east-ingress",
"Namespace": "default",
"Partition": "default",
"Listeners": [
{
"Port": 80,
"Protocol": "http",
"Services": [
{
"Name": "api",
"Namespace": "frontend",
"RequestHeaders": {
"Add": {
"x-gateway": "us-east-ingress"
}
},
"ResponseHeaders": {
"Remove": ["x-debug"]
}
}
]
}
]
}
```
For this use-case, the `api` service is not an actual registered service. It exists as a virtual service for L7 configuration only. A `service-router` (`ServiceRouter` on Kubernetes) is defined for the virtual service that uses path-based routing to route requests to different backend services:
```hcl
Kind = "service-router"
Name = "api"
Routes = [
{
Match {
HTTP {
PathPrefix = "/billing"
}
}
Destination {
Service = "billing-api"
}
},
{
Match {
HTTP {
PathPrefix = "/payments"
}
}
Destination {
Service = "payments-api"
}
}
]
```
```yaml
apiVersion: consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1
kind: ServiceRouter
metadata:
name: api
spec:
routes:
- match:
http:
pathPrefix: '/billing'
destination:
service: billing-api
- match:
http:
pathPrefix: '/payments'
destination:
service: payments-api
```
```json
{
"Kind": "service-router",
"Name": "api",
"Routes": [
{
"Match": {
"HTTP": {
"PathPrefix": "/billing"
}
},
"Destination": {
"Service": "billing-api"
}
},
{
"Match": {
"HTTP": {
"PathPrefix": "/payments"
}
},
"Destination": {
"Service": "payments-api"
}
}
]
}
```
```hcl
Kind = "service-router"
Name = "api"
Namespace = "default"
Partition = "default"
Routes = [
{
Match {
HTTP {
PathPrefix = "/billing"
}
}
Destination {
Service = "billing-api"
Namespace = "frontend"
}
},
{
Match {
HTTP {
PathPrefix = "/payments"
}
}
Destination {
Service = "payments-api"
Namespace = "frontend"
}
}
]
```
```yaml
apiVersion: consul.hashicorp.com/v1alpha1
kind: ServiceRouter
metadata:
name: api
namespace: default
partition: default
spec:
routes:
- match:
http:
pathPrefix: '/billing'
destination:
service: billing-api
namespace: frontend
- match:
http:
pathPrefix: '/payments'
destination:
service: payments-api
namespace: frontend
```
```json
{
"Kind": "service-router",
"Name": "api",
"Namespace": "default",
"Partition": "default",
"Routes": [
{
"Match": {
"HTTP": {
"PathPrefix": "/billing"
}
},
"Destination": {
"Service": "billing-api",
"Namespace": "frontend"
}
},
{
"Match": {
"HTTP": {
"PathPrefix": "/payments"
}
},
"Destination": {
"Service": "payments-api",
"Namespace": "frontend"
}
}
]
}
```
## Available Fields
You can specify the following parameters to configure ingress gateway configuration entries.
',
yaml: false,
},
{
name: 'Namespace',
type: 'string: `default`',
enterprise: true,
description:
'Specifies the namespace in which the configuration entry will apply. The value must match the namespace in which the gateway is registered.' +
' If omitted, the namespace will be inherited from the `ns` request parameter (refer to the [`config` API endpoint documentation](/api/config#ns)).' +
' or will default to the `default` namespace.',
yaml: false,
},
{
name: 'Meta',
type: 'map: nil',
description:
'Specifies arbitrary KV metadata pairs. Added in Consul 1.8.4.',
yaml: false,
},
{
name: 'Partition',
type: `string: "default"`,
enterprise: true,
description:
'Specifies the admin partition in which the configuration will apply. The value must match the partition in which the gateway is registered.' +
' If omitted, the partition will be inhereited from the request (refer to the [`config` API endpoint documentation](/api/config)).' +
' See [Admin Partitions](/docs/enterprise/admin-partitions) for additional information.',
yaml: false,
},
{
name: 'metadata',
children: [
{
name: 'name',
description: 'Set to the name of the service being configured.',
},
{
name: 'namespace',
enterprise: true,
description:
'Refer to the [Kubernetes Namespaces documentation for Consul Enterprise](/docs/k8s/crds#consul-enterprise). The `namespace` parameter is not supported in Consul OSS (see [Kubernetes Namespaces in Consul OSS](/docs/k8s/crds#consul-oss)).',
},
{
name: 'partition',
enterprise: true,
description:
'Specifies the admin partition in which the configuration will apply. The value must match the partition in which the gateway is registered. Refer to the [Admin Partitions documentation](/docs/enterprise/admin-partitions) for additional information. The `partitions` parameter is not supported in Consul OSS.',
},
],
hcl: false,
},
{
name: 'TLS',
type: 'TLSConfig: ',
description: 'TLS configuration for this gateway.',
children: [
{
name: 'Enabled',
type: 'bool: false',
description: {
hcl:
"Set this configuration to `true` to enable built-in TLS for every listener on the gateway.
If TLS is enabled, then each host defined in each service's `Hosts` fields will be added as a DNSSAN to the gateway's x509 certificate.",
yaml:
"Set this configuration to `true` to enable built-in TLS for every listener on the gateway.
If TLS is enabled, then each host defined in each service's `hosts` fields will be added as a DNSSAN to the gateway's x509 certificate.",
},
},
{
name: 'SDS',
yaml: false,
type: 'SDSConfig: ',
description: "Defines a set of parameters that configures the gateway to load TLS certificates from an external SDS service. See [SDS](/docs/connect/gateways/ingress-gateway#sds) for more details on usage.
SDS properties defined in this field are used as defaults for all listeners on the gateway.",
children: [
{
name: 'ClusterName',
type: 'string',
description: "Specifies the name of the SDS cluster from which Consul should retrieve certificates. This cluster must be [specified in the Gateway's bootstrap configuration](/docs/connect/gateways/ingress-gateway#sds).",
},
{
name: 'CertResource',
type: 'string',
description: "Specifies an SDS resource name. Consul will request the SDS resource name when fetching the certificate from the SDS service. Setting this causes all listeners to be served exclusively over TLS with this certificate unless overridden by listener-specific TLS configuration.",
},
],
},
],
},
{
name: 'Listeners',
type: 'array: )',
description:
'A list of listeners that the ingress gateway should setup, uniquely identified by their port number.',
children: [
{
name: 'Port',
type: 'int: 0',
description: `The port on which the ingress listener should receive
traffic. The port will be bound to the IP address that
was specified in the [\`-address\`](/commands/connect/envoy#address)
flag when starting the gateway.
Note: The ingress listener port must not conflict
with the health check port specified in the \`-address\`
flag.`,
},
{
name: 'Protocol',
type: 'string: "tcp"',
description:
'The protocol associated with the listener. One of `tcp`, `http`, `http2`, or `grpc`.',
},
{
name: 'Services',
type: 'array: ',
description: `A list of services to be exposed via this listener.
For \`tcp\` listeners, only a single service is allowed.
Each service must have a unique name. A namespace is also required for
Consul Enterprise.`,
children: [
{
name: 'Name',
type: 'string: ""',
description: `The name of the service that should be exposed
through this listener. This can be either a service registered in the
catalog, or a service defined only by [other config entries](/docs/connect/l7-traffic-management). If the wildcard specifier,
\`*\`, is provided, then ALL services will be exposed through the listener.
This is not supported for listener's with protocol \`tcp\`.`,
},
{
name: 'Namespace',
type: 'string: ""',
enterprise: true,
description:
'The namespace from which to resolve the service if different than the existing namespace. The current namespace is used if unspecified.',
},
{
name: 'Partition',
type: 'string: ""',
enterprise: true,
description:
'The admin partition from which to resolve the service if different than the existing partition. The current partition is used if unspecified.',
},
{
name: 'Hosts',
type: 'array: ',
description: `A list of hosts that specify what
requests will match this service. This cannot be used with a \`tcp\`
listener, and cannot be specified alongside a \`*\` service name. If not
specified, the default domain \`\.ingress.*\` will be used to
match services. Requests must send the correct host to be routed to
the defined service.
The wildcard specifier, \`*\`, can be used by itself to match all traffic
coming to the ingress gateway, if TLS is not enabled. This allows a user
to route all traffic to a single service without specifying a host,
allowing simpler tests and demos. Otherwise, the wildcard specifier can
be used as part of the host to match multiple hosts, but only in the
leftmost DNS label. This ensures that all defined hosts are valid DNS
records. For example, \`*.example.com\` is valid, while \`example.*\` and
\`*-suffix.example.com\` are not.`,
},
{
yaml: false,
name: 'RequestHeaders',
type: 'HTTPHeaderModifiers: ',
description: `A set of [HTTP-specific header modification rules](/docs/connect/config-entries/service-router#httpheadermodifiers)
that will be applied to requests routed to this service.
This cannot be used with a \`tcp\` listener.`,
},
{
yaml: false,
name: 'ResponseHeaders',
type: 'HTTPHeaderModifiers: ',
description: `A set of [HTTP-specific header modification rules](/docs/connect/config-entries/service-router#httpheadermodifiers)
that will be applied to responses from this service.
This cannot be used with a \`tcp\` listener.`,
},
{
name: 'TLS',
yaml: false,
type: 'ServiceTLSConfig: ',
description: 'TLS configuration for this service.',
children: [
{
name: 'SDS',
type: 'SDSConfig: ',
description: `Defines a set of parameters that configures the SDS source for the certificate for this specific service.
At least one custom host must be specified in \`Hosts\`.
The certificate retrieved from SDS will be served for all requests identifying one of the
\`Hosts\` values in the TLS Server Name Indication (SNI) header.`,
children: [
{
name: 'ClusterName',
type: 'string',
description: "The SDS cluster name to connect to to retrieve certificates. This cluster must be [specified in the Gateway's bootstrap configuration](/docs/connect/gateways/ingress-gateway#sds).",
},
{
name: 'CertResource',
type: 'string',
description: "The SDS resource name to request when fetching the certificate from the SDS service.",
},
],
},
],
},
],
},
{
name: 'TLS',
yaml: false,
type: 'TLSConfig: ',
description: 'TLS configuration for this listener.',
children: [
{
name: 'Enabled',
type: 'bool: false',
description: {
hcl:
"Set this configuration to `true` to enable built-in TLS for this listener.
If TLS is enabled, then each host defined in each service's `Hosts` field will be added as a DNSSAN to the gateway's x509 certificate. Note that even hosts from other listeners with TLS disabled will be added.",
yaml:
"Set this configuration to `true` to enable built-in TLS for this listener.
If TLS is enabled, then each host defined in the `hosts` field will be added as a DNSSAN to the gateway's x509 certificate. Note that even hosts from other listeners with TLS disabled will be added.",
},
},
{
name: 'SDS',
type: 'SDSConfig: ',
description: "Defines a set of parameters that configures the listener to load TLS certificates from an external SDS service. See [SDS](/docs/connect/gateways/ingress-gateway#sds) for more details on usage.
SDS properties set here will be used as defaults for all services on this listener.",
children: [
{
name: 'ClusterName',
type: 'string',
description: "The SDS cluster name to connect to to retrieve certificates. This cluster must be [specified in the Gateway's bootstrap configuration](/docs/connect/gateways/ingress-gateway#sds).",
},
{
name: 'CertResource',
type: 'string',
description: "The SDS resource name to request when fetching the certificate from the SDS service.",
},
],
},
],
},
],
},
]}
/>