---
layout: docs
page_title: Kubernetes Auth Method
sidebar_title: Kubernetes
description: >-
  The Kubernetes auth method type allows for a Kubernetes service account token
  to be used to authenticate to Consul. This method of authentication makes it
  easy to introduce a Consul token into a Kubernetes pod.
---

-> **1.5.0+:** This guide only applies in Consul versions 1.5.0 and newer.

# Kubernetes Auth Method

The `kubernetes` auth method type allows for a Kubernetes service account token
to be used to authenticate to Consul. This method of authentication makes it
easy to introduce a Consul token into a Kubernetes pod.

This page assumes general knowledge of [Kubernetes](https://kubernetes.io/) and
the concepts described in the main [auth method
documentation](/docs/acl/acl-auth-methods).

## Config Parameters

The following auth method [`Config`](/api/acl/auth-methods#config)
parameters are required to properly configure an auth method of type
`kubernetes`:

- `Host` `(string: <required>)` - Must be a host string, a host:port pair, or a
  URL to the base of the Kubernetes API server.

- `CACert` `(string: <required>)` - PEM encoded CA cert for use by the TLS
  client used to talk with the Kubernetes API. NOTE: Every line must end with a
  newline (`\n`).

- `ServiceAccountJWT` `(string: <required>)` - A Service Account Token
  ([JWT](https://jwt.io/ 'JSON Web Token')) used by the Consul leader to
  validate application JWTs during login.

- `MapNamespaces` `(bool: <false>)` - **(Enterprise Only)** Indicates whether
  the auth method should attempt to map the Kubernetes namespace to a Consul
  namespace instead of creating tokens in the auth methods own namespace. Note
  that mapping namespaces requires the auth method to reside within the
  `default` namespace.

- `ConsulNamespacePrefix` `(string: <optional>)` - **(Enterprise Only)** When
  `MapNamespaces` is enabled, this value will be prefixed to the Kubernetes
  namespace to determine the Consul namespace to create the new token within.

- `ConsulNamespaceOverrides` `(map: <string:string>)` - **(Enterprise Only)**
  This field is a mapping of Kubernetes namespace names to Consul namespace
  names. If a Kubernetes namespace is present within this map, the value will
  be used without adding the `ConsulNamespacePrefix`. If the value in the map
  is `""` then the auth methods namespace will be used instead of attempting
  to determine an alternate namespace.

### Sample Config

```json
{
    ...other fields...
    "Config": {
        "Host": "https://192.0.2.42:8443",
        "CACert": "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n...-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n",
        "ServiceAccountJWT": "eyJhbGciOiJSUzI1NiIsImtpZCI6IiJ9..."
    }
}
```

## RBAC

The Kubernetes service account corresponding to the configured
[`ServiceAccountJWT`](/docs/acl/auth-methods/kubernetes#serviceaccountjwt)
needs to have access to two Kubernetes APIs:

- [**TokenReview**](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.11/#create-tokenreview-v1-authentication-k8s-io)

  -> Kubernetes should be running with `--service-account-lookup`. This is
  defaulted to true in Kubernetes 1.7, but any versions prior should ensure
  the Kubernetes API server is started with this setting.

- [**ServiceAccount**](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.11/#read-serviceaccount-v1-core)
  (`get`)

The following is an example
[RBAC](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/access-authn-authz/rbac/)
configuration snippet to grant the necessary permissions to a service account
named `consul-auth-method-example`:

```yaml
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: review-tokens
  namespace: default
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: consul-auth-method-example
    namespace: default
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: system:auth-delegator
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
---
kind: ClusterRole
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: service-account-getter
  namespace: default
rules:
  - apiGroups: ['']
    resources: ['serviceaccounts']
    verbs: ['get']
---
kind: ClusterRoleBinding
apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: get-service-accounts
  namespace: default
subjects:
  - kind: ServiceAccount
    name: consul-auth-method-example
    namespace: default
roleRef:
  kind: ClusterRole
  name: service-account-getter
  apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
```

## Trusted Identity Attributes

The authentication step returns the following trusted identity attributes for
use in binding rule selectors and bind name interpolation.

| Attributes                 | Supported Selector Operations | Can be Interpolated |
| -------------------------- | ----------------------------- | ------------------- |
| `serviceaccount.namespace` | Equal, Not Equal              | yes                 |
| `serviceaccount.name`      | Equal, Not Equal              | yes                 |
| `serviceaccount.uid`       | Equal, Not Equal              | yes                 |

## Kubernetes Authentication Details

Initially the
[`ServiceAccountJWT`](/docs/acl/auth-methods/kubernetes#serviceaccountjwt)
given to the Consul leader uses the TokenReview API to validate the provided
JWT. The trusted attributes of `serviceaccount.namespace`,
`serviceaccount.name`, and `serviceaccount.uid` are populated directly from the
Service Account metadata.

The Consul leader makes an additional query, this time to the ServiceAccount
API to check for the existence of an annotation of
`consul.hashicorp.com/service-name` on the ServiceAccount object. If one is
found its value will override the trusted attribute of `serviceaccount.name`
for the purposes of evaluating any binding rules.