security: upgrade vault/api to remove go-jose.v2
This dependency has an open vulnerability (GO-2024-2631), and is no
longer needed by the latest `vault/api`. This is a follow-up to the
upgrade of `go-jose/v3` in this repository to make all our dependencies
consolidate on v3.
Also remove the recently added security scan triage block for
GO-2024-2631, which was added due to incorrect reports that
`go-jose/v3@3.0.3` was impacted; in reality, is was this indirect
client dependency (not impacted by CVE) that the scanner was flagging. A
bug report has been filed to address the incorrect reporting.
Michael Zalimeni