diff --git a/internal/mesh/internal/controllers/routes/controller_test.go b/internal/mesh/internal/controllers/routes/controller_test.go
index e8cb1d64c2..72d2dce283 100644
--- a/internal/mesh/internal/controllers/routes/controller_test.go
+++ b/internal/mesh/internal/controllers/routes/controller_test.go
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ package routes
 import (
 	"context"
 	"fmt"
+	"sort"
 	"testing"
 
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
@@ -32,6 +33,14 @@ type controllerSuite struct {
 	client    *rtest.Client
 	rt        controller.Runtime
 	tenancies []*pbresource.Tenancy
+
+	refs *testResourceRef
+}
+
+type testResourceRef struct {
+	apiServiceRef *pbresource.Reference
+	fooServiceRef *pbresource.Reference
+	barServiceRef *pbresource.Reference
 }
 
 func (suite *controllerSuite) SetupTest() {
@@ -55,25 +64,19 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 	mgr.SetRaftLeader(true)
 	go mgr.Run(suite.ctx)
 
-	suite.runTestCaseWithTenancies(func(tenancy *pbresource.Tenancy) {
+	suite.runTestCaseWithTenancies(func(refs *testResourceRef) {
 
-		backendName := func(name, port string) string {
+		backendName := func(name, port string, tenancy *pbresource.Tenancy) string {
 			return fmt.Sprintf("catalog.v2beta1.Service/%s.local.%s/%s?port=%s", tenancy.Partition, tenancy.Namespace, name, port)
 		}
 
 		var (
-			apiServiceRef = rtest.Resource(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api").
-					WithTenancy(tenancy).
-					Reference("")
-			fooServiceRef = rtest.Resource(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "foo").
-					WithTenancy(tenancy).
-					Reference("")
-			barServiceRef = rtest.Resource(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "bar").
-					WithTenancy(tenancy).
-					Reference("")
+			apiServiceRef = refs.apiServiceRef
+			fooServiceRef = refs.fooServiceRef
+			barServiceRef = refs.barServiceRef
 
 			computedRoutesID = rtest.Resource(pbmesh.ComputedRoutesType, "api").
-						WithTenancy(tenancy).
+						WithTenancy(apiServiceRef.Tenancy).
 						ID()
 		)
 
@@ -92,7 +95,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 		}
 
 		_ = rtest.Resource(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api").
-			WithTenancy(tenancy).
+			WithTenancy(apiServiceRef.Tenancy).
 			WithData(suite.T(), apiServiceData).
 			Write(suite.T(), suite.client)
 
@@ -110,7 +113,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 							Tcp: &pbmesh.ComputedTCPRoute{
 								Rules: []*pbmesh.ComputedTCPRouteRule{{
 									BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedTCPBackendRef{{
-										BackendTarget: backendName("api", "tcp"),
+										BackendTarget: backendName("api", "tcp", apiServiceRef.Tenancy),
 									}},
 								}},
 							},
@@ -118,7 +121,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(apiServiceRef, "tcp"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_TCP,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("api", "tcp"): {
+							backendName("api", "tcp", apiServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(apiServiceRef, "tcp", ""),
@@ -148,7 +151,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 		}
 
 		_ = rtest.Resource(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api").
-			WithTenancy(tenancy).
+			WithTenancy(apiServiceRef.Tenancy).
 			WithData(suite.T(), apiServiceData).
 			Write(suite.T(), suite.client)
 
@@ -167,7 +170,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 		}
 
 		fooService := rtest.Resource(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "foo").
-			WithTenancy(tenancy).
+			WithTenancy(fooServiceRef.Tenancy).
 			WithData(suite.T(), fooServiceData).
 			Write(suite.T(), suite.client)
 
@@ -183,7 +186,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 							Tcp: &pbmesh.ComputedTCPRoute{
 								Rules: []*pbmesh.ComputedTCPRouteRule{{
 									BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedTCPBackendRef{{
-										BackendTarget: backendName("api", "tcp"),
+										BackendTarget: backendName("api", "tcp", apiServiceRef.Tenancy),
 									}},
 								}},
 							},
@@ -191,7 +194,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(apiServiceRef, "tcp"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_TCP,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("api", "tcp"): {
+							backendName("api", "tcp", apiServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(apiServiceRef, "tcp", ""),
@@ -211,7 +214,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 										},
 									}},
 									BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedHTTPBackendRef{{
-										BackendTarget: backendName("api", "http"),
+										BackendTarget: backendName("api", "http", apiServiceRef.Tenancy),
 									}},
 								}},
 							},
@@ -219,7 +222,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(apiServiceRef, "http"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_HTTP,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("api", "http"): {
+							backendName("api", "http", apiServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(apiServiceRef, "http", ""),
@@ -239,7 +242,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 										},
 									}},
 									BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedHTTPBackendRef{{
-										BackendTarget: backendName("api", "http2"),
+										BackendTarget: backendName("api", "http2", apiServiceRef.Tenancy),
 									}},
 								}},
 							},
@@ -247,7 +250,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(apiServiceRef, "http2"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_HTTP2,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("api", "http2"): {
+							backendName("api", "http2", apiServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(apiServiceRef, "http2", ""),
@@ -262,7 +265,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 								Rules: []*pbmesh.ComputedGRPCRouteRule{{
 									Matches: []*pbmesh.GRPCRouteMatch{{}},
 									BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedGRPCBackendRef{{
-										BackendTarget: backendName("api", "grpc"),
+										BackendTarget: backendName("api", "grpc", apiServiceRef.Tenancy),
 									}},
 								}},
 							},
@@ -270,7 +273,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(apiServiceRef, "grpc"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_GRPC,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("api", "grpc"): {
+							backendName("api", "grpc", apiServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(apiServiceRef, "grpc", ""),
@@ -288,7 +291,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 
 		tcpRoute1 := &pbmesh.TCPRoute{
 			ParentRefs: []*pbmesh.ParentReference{
-				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", tenancy), "tcp"),
+				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", apiServiceRef.Tenancy), "tcp"),
 			},
 			Rules: []*pbmesh.TCPRouteRule{{
 				BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.TCPBackendRef{{
@@ -297,15 +300,15 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 			}},
 		}
 		tcpRoute1ID := rtest.Resource(pbmesh.TCPRouteType, "api-tcp-route1").
-			WithTenancy(tenancy).
+			WithTenancy(apiServiceRef.Tenancy).
 			WithData(suite.T(), tcpRoute1).
 			Write(suite.T(), suite.client).
 			Id
 
 		httpRoute1 := &pbmesh.HTTPRoute{
 			ParentRefs: []*pbmesh.ParentReference{
-				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", tenancy), "http"),
-				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", tenancy), "http2"),
+				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", apiServiceRef.Tenancy), "http"),
+				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", apiServiceRef.Tenancy), "http2"),
 			},
 			Rules: []*pbmesh.HTTPRouteRule{{
 				BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.HTTPBackendRef{{
@@ -314,14 +317,14 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 			}},
 		}
 		httpRoute1ID := rtest.Resource(pbmesh.HTTPRouteType, "api-http-route1").
-			WithTenancy(tenancy).
+			WithTenancy(apiServiceRef.Tenancy).
 			WithData(suite.T(), httpRoute1).
 			Write(suite.T(), suite.client).
 			Id
 
 		grpcRoute1 := &pbmesh.GRPCRoute{
 			ParentRefs: []*pbmesh.ParentReference{
-				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", tenancy), "grpc"),
+				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", apiServiceRef.Tenancy), "grpc"),
 			},
 			Rules: []*pbmesh.GRPCRouteRule{{
 				BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.GRPCBackendRef{{
@@ -330,27 +333,32 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 			}},
 		}
 		grpcRoute1ID := rtest.Resource(pbmesh.GRPCRouteType, "api-grpc-route1").
-			WithTenancy(tenancy).
+			WithTenancy(apiServiceRef.Tenancy).
 			WithData(suite.T(), grpcRoute1).
 			Write(suite.T(), suite.client).
 			Id
 
 		testutil.RunStep(suite.T(), "one of each", func(t *testing.T) {
+			boundRefs := []*pbresource.Reference{
+				fooServiceRef,
+				apiServiceRef,
+				resource.Reference(grpcRoute1ID, ""),
+				resource.Reference(httpRoute1ID, ""),
+				resource.Reference(tcpRoute1ID, ""),
+			}
+			sort.Slice(boundRefs, func(i, j int) bool {
+				return resource.LessReference(boundRefs[i], boundRefs[j])
+			})
+
 			expect := &pbmesh.ComputedRoutes{
-				BoundReferences: []*pbresource.Reference{
-					apiServiceRef,
-					fooServiceRef,
-					resource.Reference(grpcRoute1ID, ""),
-					resource.Reference(httpRoute1ID, ""),
-					resource.Reference(tcpRoute1ID, ""),
-				},
+				BoundReferences: boundRefs,
 				PortedConfigs: map[string]*pbmesh.ComputedPortRoutes{
 					"tcp": {
 						Config: &pbmesh.ComputedPortRoutes_Tcp{
 							Tcp: &pbmesh.ComputedTCPRoute{
 								Rules: []*pbmesh.ComputedTCPRouteRule{{
 									BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedTCPBackendRef{{
-										BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "tcp"),
+										BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "tcp", fooServiceRef.Tenancy),
 									}},
 								}},
 							},
@@ -358,7 +366,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(apiServiceRef, "tcp"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_TCP,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("foo", "tcp"): {
+							backendName("foo", "tcp", fooServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(fooServiceRef, "tcp", ""),
@@ -373,7 +381,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 									{
 										Matches: defaultHTTPRouteMatches(),
 										BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedHTTPBackendRef{{
-											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "http"),
+											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "http", fooServiceRef.Tenancy),
 										}},
 									},
 									{
@@ -388,7 +396,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(apiServiceRef, "http"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_HTTP,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("foo", "http"): {
+							backendName("foo", "http", fooServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(fooServiceRef, "http", ""),
@@ -403,7 +411,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 									{
 										Matches: []*pbmesh.GRPCRouteMatch{{}},
 										BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedGRPCBackendRef{{
-											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "grpc"),
+											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "grpc", fooServiceRef.Tenancy),
 										}},
 									},
 									{
@@ -418,7 +426,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(apiServiceRef, "grpc"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_GRPC,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("foo", "grpc"): {
+							backendName("foo", "grpc", fooServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(fooServiceRef, "grpc", ""),
@@ -433,7 +441,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 									{
 										Matches: defaultHTTPRouteMatches(),
 										BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedHTTPBackendRef{{
-											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "http2"),
+											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "http2", fooServiceRef.Tenancy),
 										}},
 									},
 									{
@@ -448,7 +456,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(apiServiceRef, "http2"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_HTTP2,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("foo", "http2"): {
+							backendName("foo", "http2", fooServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(fooServiceRef, "http2", ""),
@@ -470,7 +478,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 
 		tcpRoute2 := &pbmesh.TCPRoute{
 			ParentRefs: []*pbmesh.ParentReference{
-				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", tenancy), "tcp"),
+				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", apiServiceRef.Tenancy), "tcp"),
 			},
 			Rules: []*pbmesh.TCPRouteRule{{
 				BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.TCPBackendRef{{
@@ -479,15 +487,15 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 			}},
 		}
 		tcpRoute2ID := rtest.Resource(pbmesh.TCPRouteType, "api-tcp-route2").
-			WithTenancy(tenancy).
+			WithTenancy(apiServiceRef.Tenancy).
 			WithData(suite.T(), tcpRoute2).
 			Write(suite.T(), suite.client).
 			Id
 
 		httpRoute2 := &pbmesh.HTTPRoute{
 			ParentRefs: []*pbmesh.ParentReference{
-				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", tenancy), "http"),
-				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", tenancy), "http2"),
+				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", apiServiceRef.Tenancy), "http"),
+				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", apiServiceRef.Tenancy), "http2"),
 			},
 			Rules: []*pbmesh.HTTPRouteRule{{
 				Matches: []*pbmesh.HTTPRouteMatch{{
@@ -502,14 +510,14 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 			}},
 		}
 		httpRoute2ID := rtest.Resource(pbmesh.HTTPRouteType, "api-http-route2").
-			WithTenancy(tenancy).
+			WithTenancy(apiServiceRef.Tenancy).
 			WithData(suite.T(), httpRoute2).
 			Write(suite.T(), suite.client).
 			Id
 
 		grpcRoute2 := &pbmesh.GRPCRoute{
 			ParentRefs: []*pbmesh.ParentReference{
-				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", tenancy), "grpc"),
+				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", apiServiceRef.Tenancy), "grpc"),
 			},
 			Rules: []*pbmesh.GRPCRouteRule{{
 				Matches: []*pbmesh.GRPCRouteMatch{{
@@ -525,23 +533,28 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 			}},
 		}
 		grpcRoute2ID := rtest.Resource(pbmesh.GRPCRouteType, "api-grpc-route2").
-			WithTenancy(tenancy).
+			WithTenancy(apiServiceRef.Tenancy).
 			WithData(suite.T(), grpcRoute2).
 			Write(suite.T(), suite.client).
 			Id
 
 		testutil.RunStep(suite.T(), "one good one bad route", func(t *testing.T) {
+			boundRefs := []*pbresource.Reference{
+				fooServiceRef,
+				apiServiceRef,
+				resource.Reference(grpcRoute1ID, ""),
+				resource.Reference(grpcRoute2ID, ""),
+				resource.Reference(httpRoute1ID, ""),
+				resource.Reference(httpRoute2ID, ""),
+				resource.Reference(tcpRoute1ID, ""),
+				resource.Reference(tcpRoute2ID, ""),
+			}
+			sort.Slice(boundRefs, func(i, j int) bool {
+				return resource.LessReference(boundRefs[i], boundRefs[j])
+			})
+
 			expect := &pbmesh.ComputedRoutes{
-				BoundReferences: []*pbresource.Reference{
-					apiServiceRef,
-					fooServiceRef,
-					resource.Reference(grpcRoute1ID, ""),
-					resource.Reference(grpcRoute2ID, ""),
-					resource.Reference(httpRoute1ID, ""),
-					resource.Reference(httpRoute2ID, ""),
-					resource.Reference(tcpRoute1ID, ""),
-					resource.Reference(tcpRoute2ID, ""),
-				},
+				BoundReferences: boundRefs,
 				PortedConfigs: map[string]*pbmesh.ComputedPortRoutes{
 					"tcp": {
 						Config: &pbmesh.ComputedPortRoutes_Tcp{
@@ -549,7 +562,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 								Rules: []*pbmesh.ComputedTCPRouteRule{
 									{
 										BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedTCPBackendRef{{
-											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "tcp"),
+											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "tcp", fooServiceRef.Tenancy),
 										}},
 									},
 									{
@@ -563,7 +576,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(apiServiceRef, "tcp"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_TCP,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("foo", "tcp"): {
+							backendName("foo", "tcp", fooServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(fooServiceRef, "tcp", ""),
@@ -589,7 +602,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 									{
 										Matches: defaultHTTPRouteMatches(),
 										BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedHTTPBackendRef{{
-											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "http"),
+											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "http", fooServiceRef.Tenancy),
 										}},
 									},
 									{
@@ -604,7 +617,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(apiServiceRef, "http"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_HTTP,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("foo", "http"): {
+							backendName("foo", "http", fooServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(fooServiceRef, "http", ""),
@@ -619,7 +632,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 									{
 										Matches: []*pbmesh.GRPCRouteMatch{{}},
 										BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedGRPCBackendRef{{
-											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "grpc"),
+											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "grpc", fooServiceRef.Tenancy),
 										}},
 									},
 									{
@@ -646,7 +659,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(apiServiceRef, "grpc"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_GRPC,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("foo", "grpc"): {
+							backendName("foo", "grpc", fooServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(fooServiceRef, "grpc", ""),
@@ -672,7 +685,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 									{
 										Matches: defaultHTTPRouteMatches(),
 										BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedHTTPBackendRef{{
-											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "http2"),
+											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "http2", fooServiceRef.Tenancy),
 										}},
 									},
 									{
@@ -687,7 +700,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(apiServiceRef, "http2"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_HTTP2,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("foo", "http2"): {
+							backendName("foo", "http2", fooServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(fooServiceRef, "http2", ""),
@@ -705,11 +718,11 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 			suite.client.WaitForStatusCondition(t, grpcRoute1ID, StatusKey, ConditionXRouteOK)
 
 			suite.client.WaitForStatusCondition(t, tcpRoute2ID, StatusKey,
-				ConditionMissingBackendRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "bar", tenancy)))
+				ConditionMissingBackendRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "bar", barServiceRef.Tenancy)))
 			suite.client.WaitForStatusCondition(t, httpRoute2ID, StatusKey,
-				ConditionMissingBackendRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "bar", tenancy)))
+				ConditionMissingBackendRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "bar", barServiceRef.Tenancy)))
 			suite.client.WaitForStatusCondition(t, grpcRoute2ID, StatusKey,
-				ConditionMissingBackendRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "bar", tenancy)))
+				ConditionMissingBackendRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "bar", barServiceRef.Tenancy)))
 		})
 
 		// Update the route2 routes to point to a real service, but overlap in
@@ -723,7 +736,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 
 		tcpRoute2 = &pbmesh.TCPRoute{
 			ParentRefs: []*pbmesh.ParentReference{
-				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", tenancy), "http"),
+				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", apiServiceRef.Tenancy), "http"),
 			},
 			Rules: []*pbmesh.TCPRouteRule{{
 				BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.TCPBackendRef{{
@@ -732,13 +745,13 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 			}},
 		}
 		rtest.ResourceID(tcpRoute2ID).
-			WithTenancy(tenancy).
+			WithTenancy(apiServiceRef.Tenancy).
 			WithData(suite.T(), tcpRoute2).
 			Write(suite.T(), suite.client)
 
 		httpRoute2 = &pbmesh.HTTPRoute{
 			ParentRefs: []*pbmesh.ParentReference{
-				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", tenancy), "grpc"),
+				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", apiServiceRef.Tenancy), "grpc"),
 			},
 			Rules: []*pbmesh.HTTPRouteRule{{
 				Matches: []*pbmesh.HTTPRouteMatch{{
@@ -753,13 +766,13 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 			}},
 		}
 		rtest.ResourceID(httpRoute2ID).
-			WithTenancy(tenancy).
+			WithTenancy(apiServiceRef.Tenancy).
 			WithData(suite.T(), httpRoute2).
 			Write(suite.T(), suite.client)
 
 		grpcRoute2 = &pbmesh.GRPCRoute{
 			ParentRefs: []*pbmesh.ParentReference{
-				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", tenancy), "tcp"),
+				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", apiServiceRef.Tenancy), "tcp"),
 			},
 			Rules: []*pbmesh.GRPCRouteRule{{
 				Matches: []*pbmesh.GRPCRouteMatch{{
@@ -775,29 +788,34 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 			}},
 		}
 		rtest.ResourceID(grpcRoute2ID).
-			WithTenancy(tenancy).
+			WithTenancy(apiServiceRef.Tenancy).
 			WithData(suite.T(), grpcRoute2).
 			Write(suite.T(), suite.client)
 
 		testutil.RunStep(suite.T(), "overlapping xRoutes generate conflicts", func(t *testing.T) {
+			boundRefs := []*pbresource.Reference{
+				apiServiceRef,
+				fooServiceRef,
+				resource.Reference(grpcRoute1ID, ""),
+				resource.Reference(grpcRoute2ID, ""),
+				resource.Reference(httpRoute1ID, ""),
+				resource.Reference(httpRoute2ID, ""),
+				resource.Reference(tcpRoute1ID, ""),
+				resource.Reference(tcpRoute2ID, ""),
+			}
+			sort.Slice(boundRefs, func(i, j int) bool {
+				return resource.LessReference(boundRefs[i], boundRefs[j])
+			})
+
 			expect := &pbmesh.ComputedRoutes{
-				BoundReferences: []*pbresource.Reference{
-					apiServiceRef,
-					fooServiceRef,
-					resource.Reference(grpcRoute1ID, ""),
-					resource.Reference(grpcRoute2ID, ""),
-					resource.Reference(httpRoute1ID, ""),
-					resource.Reference(httpRoute2ID, ""),
-					resource.Reference(tcpRoute1ID, ""),
-					resource.Reference(tcpRoute2ID, ""),
-				},
+				BoundReferences: boundRefs,
 				PortedConfigs: map[string]*pbmesh.ComputedPortRoutes{
 					"tcp": {
 						Config: &pbmesh.ComputedPortRoutes_Tcp{
 							Tcp: &pbmesh.ComputedTCPRoute{
 								Rules: []*pbmesh.ComputedTCPRouteRule{{
 									BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedTCPBackendRef{{
-										BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "tcp"),
+										BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "tcp", fooServiceRef.Tenancy),
 									}},
 								}},
 							},
@@ -805,7 +823,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(apiServiceRef, "tcp"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_TCP,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("foo", "tcp"): {
+							backendName("foo", "tcp", fooServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(fooServiceRef, "tcp", ""),
@@ -820,7 +838,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 									{
 										Matches: defaultHTTPRouteMatches(),
 										BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedHTTPBackendRef{{
-											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "http"),
+											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "http", fooServiceRef.Tenancy),
 										}},
 									},
 									{
@@ -835,7 +853,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(apiServiceRef, "http"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_HTTP,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("foo", "http"): {
+							backendName("foo", "http", fooServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(fooServiceRef, "http", ""),
@@ -850,7 +868,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 									{
 										Matches: []*pbmesh.GRPCRouteMatch{{}},
 										BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedGRPCBackendRef{{
-											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "grpc"),
+											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "grpc", fooServiceRef.Tenancy),
 										}},
 									},
 									{
@@ -865,7 +883,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(apiServiceRef, "grpc"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_GRPC,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("foo", "grpc"): {
+							backendName("foo", "grpc", fooServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(fooServiceRef, "grpc", ""),
@@ -880,7 +898,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 									{
 										Matches: defaultHTTPRouteMatches(),
 										BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedHTTPBackendRef{{
-											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "http2"),
+											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "http2", fooServiceRef.Tenancy),
 										}},
 									},
 									{
@@ -895,7 +913,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(apiServiceRef, "http2"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_HTTP2,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("foo", "http2"): {
+							backendName("foo", "http2", fooServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(fooServiceRef, "http2", ""),
@@ -913,11 +931,11 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 			suite.client.WaitForStatusCondition(t, grpcRoute1ID, StatusKey, ConditionXRouteOK)
 
 			suite.client.WaitForStatusCondition(t, tcpRoute2ID, StatusKey,
-				ConditionConflictNotBoundToParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", tenancy), "http", pbmesh.HTTPRouteType))
+				ConditionConflictNotBoundToParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", apiServiceRef.Tenancy), "http", pbmesh.HTTPRouteType))
 			suite.client.WaitForStatusCondition(t, httpRoute2ID, StatusKey,
-				ConditionConflictNotBoundToParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", tenancy), "grpc", pbmesh.GRPCRouteType))
+				ConditionConflictNotBoundToParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", apiServiceRef.Tenancy), "grpc", pbmesh.GRPCRouteType))
 			suite.client.WaitForStatusCondition(t, grpcRoute2ID, StatusKey,
-				ConditionConflictNotBoundToParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", tenancy), "tcp", pbmesh.TCPRouteType))
+				ConditionConflictNotBoundToParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", apiServiceRef.Tenancy), "tcp", pbmesh.TCPRouteType))
 		})
 
 		// - Delete the bad routes
@@ -938,7 +956,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 		// Re-create with newarly the same data (wildcard port now) with a newer name.
 		grpcRoute1 = &pbmesh.GRPCRoute{
 			ParentRefs: []*pbmesh.ParentReference{
-				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", tenancy), ""),
+				newParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", apiServiceRef.Tenancy), ""),
 			},
 			Rules: []*pbmesh.GRPCRouteRule{{
 				BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.GRPCBackendRef{{
@@ -947,27 +965,32 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 			}},
 		}
 		grpcRoute1ID = rtest.Resource(pbmesh.GRPCRouteType, "zzz-bad-route").
-			WithTenancy(tenancy).
+			WithTenancy(apiServiceRef.Tenancy).
 			WithData(suite.T(), grpcRoute1).
 			Write(suite.T(), suite.client).
 			Id
 
 		testutil.RunStep(suite.T(), "overlapping xRoutes due to port wildcarding", func(t *testing.T) {
+			boundRefs := []*pbresource.Reference{
+				apiServiceRef,
+				fooServiceRef,
+				resource.Reference(grpcRoute1ID, ""),
+				resource.Reference(httpRoute1ID, ""),
+				resource.Reference(tcpRoute1ID, ""),
+			}
+			sort.Slice(boundRefs, func(i, j int) bool {
+				return resource.LessReference(boundRefs[i], boundRefs[j])
+			})
+
 			expect := &pbmesh.ComputedRoutes{
-				BoundReferences: []*pbresource.Reference{
-					apiServiceRef,
-					fooServiceRef,
-					resource.Reference(grpcRoute1ID, ""),
-					resource.Reference(httpRoute1ID, ""),
-					resource.Reference(tcpRoute1ID, ""),
-				},
+				BoundReferences: boundRefs,
 				PortedConfigs: map[string]*pbmesh.ComputedPortRoutes{
 					"tcp": {
 						Config: &pbmesh.ComputedPortRoutes_Tcp{
 							Tcp: &pbmesh.ComputedTCPRoute{
 								Rules: []*pbmesh.ComputedTCPRouteRule{{
 									BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedTCPBackendRef{{
-										BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "tcp"),
+										BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "tcp", fooServiceRef.Tenancy),
 									}},
 								}},
 							},
@@ -975,7 +998,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(apiServiceRef, "tcp"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_TCP,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("foo", "tcp"): {
+							backendName("foo", "tcp", fooServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(fooServiceRef, "tcp", ""),
@@ -990,7 +1013,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 									{
 										Matches: defaultHTTPRouteMatches(),
 										BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedHTTPBackendRef{{
-											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "http"),
+											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "http", fooServiceRef.Tenancy),
 										}},
 									},
 									{
@@ -1005,7 +1028,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(apiServiceRef, "http"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_HTTP,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("foo", "http"): {
+							backendName("foo", "http", fooServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(fooServiceRef, "http", ""),
@@ -1020,7 +1043,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 									{
 										Matches: []*pbmesh.GRPCRouteMatch{{}},
 										BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedGRPCBackendRef{{
-											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "grpc"),
+											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "grpc", fooServiceRef.Tenancy),
 										}},
 									},
 									{
@@ -1035,7 +1058,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(apiServiceRef, "grpc"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_GRPC,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("foo", "grpc"): {
+							backendName("foo", "grpc", fooServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(fooServiceRef, "grpc", ""),
@@ -1050,7 +1073,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 									{
 										Matches: defaultHTTPRouteMatches(),
 										BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedHTTPBackendRef{{
-											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "http2"),
+											BackendTarget: backendName("foo", "http2", fooServiceRef.Tenancy),
 										}},
 									},
 									{
@@ -1065,7 +1088,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(apiServiceRef, "http2"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_HTTP2,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("foo", "http2"): {
+							backendName("foo", "http2", fooServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(fooServiceRef, "http2", ""),
@@ -1077,9 +1100,9 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 			}
 
 			suite.client.WaitForStatusConditions(t, grpcRoute1ID, StatusKey,
-				ConditionConflictNotBoundToParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", tenancy), "http", pbmesh.HTTPRouteType),
-				ConditionConflictNotBoundToParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", tenancy), "http2", pbmesh.HTTPRouteType),
-				ConditionConflictNotBoundToParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", tenancy), "tcp", pbmesh.TCPRouteType))
+				ConditionConflictNotBoundToParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", apiServiceRef.Tenancy), "http", pbmesh.HTTPRouteType),
+				ConditionConflictNotBoundToParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", apiServiceRef.Tenancy), "http2", pbmesh.HTTPRouteType),
+				ConditionConflictNotBoundToParentRef(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", apiServiceRef.Tenancy), "tcp", pbmesh.TCPRouteType))
 
 			lastVersion = requireNewComputedRoutesVersion(t, suite.client, computedRoutesID, "" /*no change*/, expect)
 
@@ -1103,7 +1126,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 		}
 
 		apiService := rtest.Resource(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api").
-			WithTenancy(tenancy).
+			WithTenancy(apiServiceRef.Tenancy).
 			WithData(suite.T(), apiServiceData).
 			Write(suite.T(), suite.client)
 
@@ -1111,20 +1134,20 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 			suite.client.WaitForDeletion(t, computedRoutesID)
 
 			suite.client.WaitForStatusCondition(t, tcpRoute1ID, StatusKey,
-				ConditionParentRefOutsideMesh(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", tenancy)))
+				ConditionParentRefOutsideMesh(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", apiServiceRef.Tenancy)))
 			suite.client.WaitForStatusCondition(t, httpRoute1ID, StatusKey,
-				ConditionParentRefOutsideMesh(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", tenancy)))
+				ConditionParentRefOutsideMesh(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", apiServiceRef.Tenancy)))
 			suite.client.WaitForStatusCondition(t, grpcRoute1ID, StatusKey,
-				ConditionParentRefOutsideMesh(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", tenancy)))
+				ConditionParentRefOutsideMesh(newRef(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api", apiServiceRef.Tenancy)))
 		})
 
 		// Get down to just 2 ports for all relevant services.
-		for _, name := range []string{"foo", "bar", "api"} {
-			_ = rtest.Resource(pbcatalog.ServiceType, name).
-				WithTenancy(tenancy).
+		for _, ref := range []*pbresource.Reference{apiServiceRef, fooServiceRef, barServiceRef} {
+			_ = rtest.Resource(pbcatalog.ServiceType, ref.Name).
+				WithTenancy(ref.Tenancy).
 				WithData(suite.T(), &pbcatalog.Service{
 					Workloads: &pbcatalog.WorkloadSelector{
-						Prefixes: []string{name + "-"},
+						Prefixes: []string{ref.Name + "-"},
 					},
 					Ports: []*pbcatalog.ServicePort{
 						{TargetPort: "mesh", Protocol: pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_MESH},
@@ -1146,7 +1169,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 			}},
 		}
 		httpRoute1ID = rtest.Resource(pbmesh.HTTPRouteType, "route1").
-			WithTenancy(tenancy).
+			WithTenancy(fooServiceRef.Tenancy).
 			WithData(suite.T(), httpRoute1).
 			Write(suite.T(), suite.client).
 			Id
@@ -1156,20 +1179,37 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 			barLastVersion string
 
 			fooComputedRoutesID = rtest.Resource(pbmesh.ComputedRoutesType, "foo").
-						WithTenancy(tenancy).
+						WithTenancy(fooServiceRef.Tenancy).
 						ID()
 			barComputedRoutesID = rtest.Resource(pbmesh.ComputedRoutesType, "bar").
-						WithTenancy(tenancy).
+						WithTenancy(barServiceRef.Tenancy).
 						ID()
 		)
 
 		testutil.RunStep(suite.T(), "create a route linked to two parents", func(t *testing.T) {
+			boundRefsFoo := []*pbresource.Reference{
+				apiServiceRef,
+				fooServiceRef,
+				resource.Reference(httpRoute1ID, ""),
+			}
+			sort.Slice(boundRefsFoo, func(i, j int) bool {
+				return resource.LessReference(boundRefsFoo[i], boundRefsFoo[j])
+			})
+
+			boundRefsBar := []*pbresource.Reference{
+				apiServiceRef,
+				barServiceRef,
+				resource.Reference(httpRoute1ID, ""),
+			}
+			sort.Slice(boundRefsFoo, func(i, j int) bool {
+				return resource.LessReference(boundRefsFoo[i], boundRefsFoo[j])
+			})
+			sort.Slice(boundRefsBar, func(i, j int) bool {
+				return resource.LessReference(boundRefsBar[i], boundRefsBar[j])
+			})
+
 			expectFoo := &pbmesh.ComputedRoutes{
-				BoundReferences: []*pbresource.Reference{
-					apiServiceRef,
-					fooServiceRef,
-					resource.Reference(httpRoute1ID, ""),
-				},
+				BoundReferences: boundRefsFoo,
 				PortedConfigs: map[string]*pbmesh.ComputedPortRoutes{
 					"http": {
 						Config: &pbmesh.ComputedPortRoutes_Http{
@@ -1178,7 +1218,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 									{
 										Matches: defaultHTTPRouteMatches(),
 										BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedHTTPBackendRef{{
-											BackendTarget: backendName("api", "http"),
+											BackendTarget: backendName("api", "http", apiServiceRef.Tenancy),
 										}},
 									},
 									{
@@ -1193,7 +1233,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(fooServiceRef, "http"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_HTTP,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("api", "http"): {
+							backendName("api", "http", apiServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(apiServiceRef, "http", ""),
@@ -1204,11 +1244,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 				},
 			}
 			expectBar := &pbmesh.ComputedRoutes{
-				BoundReferences: []*pbresource.Reference{
-					apiServiceRef,
-					barServiceRef,
-					resource.Reference(httpRoute1ID, ""),
-				},
+				BoundReferences: boundRefsBar,
 				PortedConfigs: map[string]*pbmesh.ComputedPortRoutes{
 					"http": {
 						Config: &pbmesh.ComputedPortRoutes_Http{
@@ -1217,7 +1253,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 									{
 										Matches: defaultHTTPRouteMatches(),
 										BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedHTTPBackendRef{{
-											BackendTarget: backendName("api", "http"),
+											BackendTarget: backendName("api", "http", apiServiceRef.Tenancy),
 										}},
 									},
 									{
@@ -1232,7 +1268,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef: newParentRef(barServiceRef, "http"),
 						Protocol:  pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_HTTP,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("api", "http"): {
+							backendName("api", "http", apiServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(apiServiceRef, "http", ""),
@@ -1261,7 +1297,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 			}},
 		}
 		httpRoute1ID = rtest.Resource(pbmesh.HTTPRouteType, "route1").
-			WithTenancy(tenancy).
+			WithTenancy(fooServiceRef.Tenancy).
 			WithData(suite.T(), httpRoute1).
 			Write(suite.T(), suite.client).
 			Id
@@ -1279,7 +1315,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 									{
 										Matches: defaultHTTPRouteMatches(),
 										BackendRefs: []*pbmesh.ComputedHTTPBackendRef{{
-											BackendTarget: backendName("bar", "http"),
+											BackendTarget: backendName("bar", "http", barServiceRef.Tenancy),
 										}},
 									},
 								},
@@ -1289,7 +1325,7 @@ func (suite *controllerSuite) TestController() {
 						ParentRef:          newParentRef(barServiceRef, "http"),
 						Protocol:           pbcatalog.Protocol_PROTOCOL_HTTP,
 						Targets: map[string]*pbmesh.BackendTargetDetails{
-							backendName("bar", "http"): {
+							backendName("bar", "http", barServiceRef.Tenancy): {
 								Type:              pbmesh.BackendTargetDetailsType_BACKEND_TARGET_DETAILS_TYPE_DIRECT,
 								MeshPort:          "mesh",
 								BackendRef:        newBackendRef(barServiceRef, "http", ""),
@@ -1364,11 +1400,28 @@ func TestController(t *testing.T) {
 	suite.Run(t, new(controllerSuite))
 }
 
-func (suite *controllerSuite) runTestCaseWithTenancies(testFunc func(*pbresource.Tenancy)) {
-	for _, tenancy := range suite.tenancies {
-		suite.Run(suite.appendTenancyInfo(tenancy), func() {
-			testFunc(tenancy)
-		})
+func (suite *controllerSuite) runTestCaseWithTenancies(testFunc func(ref *testResourceRef)) {
+	for _, mainServiceTenancy := range suite.tenancies {
+		for _, otherServiceTenancy := range suite.tenancies {
+
+			apiServiceRef := rtest.Resource(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "api").
+				WithTenancy(mainServiceTenancy).
+				Reference("")
+			fooServiceRef := rtest.Resource(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "foo").
+				WithTenancy(otherServiceTenancy).
+				Reference("")
+			barServiceRef := rtest.Resource(pbcatalog.ServiceType, "bar").
+				WithTenancy(otherServiceTenancy).
+				Reference("")
+
+			suite.Run(suite.appendTenancyInfo(mainServiceTenancy), func() {
+				testFunc(&testResourceRef{
+					apiServiceRef: apiServiceRef,
+					fooServiceRef: fooServiceRef,
+					barServiceRef: barServiceRef,
+				})
+			})
+		}
 	}
 }