consul/agent/rpc/peering/service.go

package peering

import (
	"container/ring"
	"context"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"strings"
	"time"

	"github.com/armon/go-metrics"
	"github.com/hashicorp/consul/lib/retry"
	"github.com/hashicorp/go-hclog"
	"github.com/hashicorp/go-memdb"
	"github.com/hashicorp/go-multierror"
	"google.golang.org/grpc"
	"google.golang.org/grpc/codes"
	grpcstatus "google.golang.org/grpc/status"
	"google.golang.org/protobuf/proto"

	"github.com/hashicorp/consul/acl"
	"github.com/hashicorp/consul/acl/resolver"
	"github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/consul/state"
	"github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/consul/stream"
	"github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/dns"
	external "github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/grpc-external"
	"github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/grpc-external/services/peerstream"
	"github.com/hashicorp/consul/agent/structs"
	"github.com/hashicorp/consul/lib"
	"github.com/hashicorp/consul/proto/pbpeering"
	"github.com/hashicorp/consul/proto/pbpeerstream"
)

var (
	errPeeringTokenInvalidCA            = errors.New("peering token CA value is invalid")
	errPeeringTokenEmptyServerAddresses = errors.New("peering token server addresses value is empty")
	errPeeringTokenEmptyServerName      = errors.New("peering token server name value is empty")
	errPeeringTokenEmptyPeerID          = errors.New("peering token peer ID value is empty")
)

const (
	// meshGatewayWait is the initial wait on calls to exchange a secret with a peer when dialing through a gateway.
	// This wait provides some time for the first gateway address to configure a route to the peer servers.
	// Why 350ms? That is roughly the p50 latency we observed in a scale test for proxy config propagation:
	// https://www.hashicorp.com/cgsb
	meshGatewayWait      = 350 * time.Millisecond
	establishmentTimeout = 5 * time.Second
)

// errPeeringInvalidServerAddress is returned when an establish request contains
// an invalid server address.
type errPeeringInvalidServerAddress struct {
	addr string
}

// Error implements the error interface
func (e *errPeeringInvalidServerAddress) Error() string {
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s is not a valid peering server address", e.addr)
}

// For private/internal gRPC handlers, protoc-gen-rpc-glue generates the
// requisite methods to satisfy the structs.RPCInfo interface using fields
// from the pbcommon package. This service is public, so we can't use those
// fields in our proto definition. Instead, we construct our RPCInfo manually.
var writeRequest struct {
	structs.WriteRequest
	structs.DCSpecificRequest
}

var readRequest struct {
	structs.QueryOptions
	structs.DCSpecificRequest
}

// Server implements pbpeering.PeeringService to provide RPC operations for
// managing peering relationships.
type Server struct {
	Config
}

type Config struct {
	Backend        Backend
	Tracker        *peerstream.Tracker
	Logger         hclog.Logger
	ForwardRPC     func(structs.RPCInfo, func(*grpc.ClientConn) error) (bool, error)
	Datacenter     string
	ConnectEnabled bool
	PeeringEnabled bool
}

func NewServer(cfg Config) *Server {
	requireNotNil(cfg.Backend, "Backend")
	requireNotNil(cfg.Tracker, "Tracker")
	requireNotNil(cfg.Logger, "Logger")
	requireNotNil(cfg.ForwardRPC, "ForwardRPC")
	if cfg.Datacenter == "" {
		panic("Datacenter is required")
	}
	return &Server{
		Config: cfg,
	}
}

func requireNotNil(v interface{}, name string) {
	if v == nil {
		panic(name + " is required")
	}
}

var _ pbpeering.PeeringServiceServer = (*Server)(nil)

func (s *Server) Register(grpcServer *grpc.Server) {
	pbpeering.RegisterPeeringServiceServer(grpcServer, s)
}

// Backend defines the core integrations the Peering endpoint depends on. A
// functional implementation will integrate with various subcomponents of Consul
// such as the State store for reading and writing data, the CA machinery for
// providing access to CA data and the RPC system for forwarding requests to
// other servers.
type Backend interface {
	// ResolveTokenAndDefaultMeta returns an acl.Authorizer which authorizes
	// actions based on the permissions granted to the token.
	// If either entMeta or authzContext are non-nil they will be populated with the
	// partition and namespace from the token.
	ResolveTokenAndDefaultMeta(token string, entMeta *acl.EnterpriseMeta, authzCtx *acl.AuthorizerContext) (resolver.Result, error)

	// GetTLSMaterials returns the TLS materials for the dialer to dial the acceptor using TLS.
	// It returns the server name to validate, and the CA certificate to validate with.
	GetTLSMaterials(generatingToken bool) (string, []string, error)

	// GetLocalServerAddresses returns the addresses used for establishing a peering connection.
	// These may be server addresses or mesh gateway addresses if peering through mesh gateways.
	GetLocalServerAddresses() ([]string, error)

	// EncodeToken packages a peering token into a slice of bytes.
	EncodeToken(tok *structs.PeeringToken) ([]byte, error)

	// DecodeToken unpackages a peering token from a slice of bytes.
	DecodeToken([]byte) (*structs.PeeringToken, error)

	// GetDialAddresses returns: the addresses to cycle through when dialing a peer's servers,
	// a boolean indicating whether mesh gateways are present, and an optional error.
	// The resulting ring buffer is front-loaded with the local mesh gateway addresses if the local
	// datacenter is configured to dial through mesh gateways.
	GetDialAddresses(logger hclog.Logger, ws memdb.WatchSet, peerID string) (*ring.Ring, bool, error)

	EnterpriseCheckPartitions(partition string) error

	EnterpriseCheckNamespaces(namespace string) error

	Subscribe(req *stream.SubscribeRequest) (*stream.Subscription, error)

	// IsLeader indicates whether the consul server is in a leader state or not.
	IsLeader() bool

	// SetLeaderAddress is called on a raft.LeaderObservation in a go routine
	// in the consul server; see trackLeaderChanges()
	SetLeaderAddress(string)

	// GetLeaderAddress provides the best hint for the current address of the
	// leader. There is no guarantee that this is the actual address of the
	// leader.
	GetLeaderAddress() string

	// CheckPeeringUUID returns true if the given UUID is not associated with
	// an existing peering.
	CheckPeeringUUID(id string) (bool, error)

	ValidateProposedPeeringSecret(id string) (bool, error)

	PeeringWrite(req *pbpeering.PeeringWriteRequest) error

	Store() Store
}

// Store provides a read-only interface for querying Peering data.
type Store interface {
	PeeringRead(ws memdb.WatchSet, q state.Query) (uint64, *pbpeering.Peering, error)
	PeeringReadByID(ws memdb.WatchSet, id string) (uint64, *pbpeering.Peering, error)
	PeeringList(ws memdb.WatchSet, entMeta acl.EnterpriseMeta) (uint64, []*pbpeering.Peering, error)
	PeeringTrustBundleRead(ws memdb.WatchSet, q state.Query) (uint64, *pbpeering.PeeringTrustBundle, error)
	PeeringTrustBundleList(ws memdb.WatchSet, entMeta acl.EnterpriseMeta) (uint64, []*pbpeering.PeeringTrustBundle, error)
	TrustBundleListByService(ws memdb.WatchSet, service, dc string, entMeta acl.EnterpriseMeta) (uint64, []*pbpeering.PeeringTrustBundle, error)
}

var peeringNotEnabledErr = grpcstatus.Error(codes.FailedPrecondition, "peering must be enabled to use this endpoint")

// GenerateToken implements the PeeringService RPC method to generate a
// peering token which is the initial step in establishing a peering relationship
// with other Consul clusters.
func (s *Server) GenerateToken(
	ctx context.Context,
	req *pbpeering.GenerateTokenRequest,
) (*pbpeering.GenerateTokenResponse, error) {
	if !s.Config.PeeringEnabled {
		return nil, peeringNotEnabledErr
	}

	if err := s.Backend.EnterpriseCheckPartitions(req.Partition); err != nil {
		return nil, grpcstatus.Error(codes.InvalidArgument, err.Error())
	}
	// validate prior to forwarding to the leader, this saves a network hop
	if err := dns.ValidateLabel(req.PeerName); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s is not a valid peer name: %w", req.PeerName, err)
	}

	if err := structs.ValidateMetaTags(req.Meta); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("meta tags failed validation: %w", err)
	}

	resp := &pbpeering.GenerateTokenResponse{}
	handled, err := s.ForwardRPC(&writeRequest, func(conn *grpc.ClientConn) error {
		ctx := external.ForwardMetadataContext(ctx)
		var err error
		resp, err = pbpeering.NewPeeringServiceClient(conn).GenerateToken(ctx, req)
		return err
	})
	if handled || err != nil {
		return resp, err
	}

	defer metrics.MeasureSince([]string{"peering", "generate_token"}, time.Now())

	var authzCtx acl.AuthorizerContext
	entMeta := structs.DefaultEnterpriseMetaInPartition(req.Partition)
	options, err := external.QueryOptionsFromContext(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	authz, err := s.Backend.ResolveTokenAndDefaultMeta(options.Token, entMeta, &authzCtx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if err := authz.ToAllowAuthorizer().PeeringWriteAllowed(&authzCtx); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	serverName, caPEMs, err := s.Backend.GetTLSMaterials(true)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	var (
		peering  *pbpeering.Peering
		secretID string
	)

	// This loop ensures at most one retry in the case of a race condition.
	for canRetry := true; canRetry; canRetry = false {
		peering, err = s.getExistingPeering(req.PeerName, entMeta.PartitionOrDefault())
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		if peering == nil {
			id, err := lib.GenerateUUID(s.Backend.CheckPeeringUUID)
			if err != nil {
				return resp, err
			}
			peering = &pbpeering.Peering{
				ID:   id,
				Name: req.PeerName,
				Meta: req.Meta,

				// PartitionOrEmpty is used to avoid writing "default" in OSS.
				Partition: entMeta.PartitionOrEmpty(),
			}
		} else {
			// validate that this peer name is not being used as a dialer already
			if err := validatePeer(peering, false); err != nil {
				return nil, err
			}
		}

		// A new establishment secret is generated on every GenerateToken request.
		// This allows for rotating secrets by generating a new token for a peering and then
		// using the new token to re-establish the peering.
		secretID, err = s.generateNewEstablishmentSecret()
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate secret for peering establishment: %w", err)
		}

		writeReq := &pbpeering.PeeringWriteRequest{
			Peering: peering,
			SecretsRequest: &pbpeering.SecretsWriteRequest{
				PeerID: peering.ID,
				Request: &pbpeering.SecretsWriteRequest_GenerateToken{
					GenerateToken: &pbpeering.SecretsWriteRequest_GenerateTokenRequest{
						EstablishmentSecret: secretID,
					},
				},
			},
		}
		if err := s.Backend.PeeringWrite(writeReq); err != nil {
			// There's a possible race where two servers call Generate Token at the
			// same time with the same peer name for the first time. They both
			// generate an ID and try to insert and only one wins. This detects the
			// collision and forces the loser to discard its generated ID and use
			// the one from the other server.
			if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "A peering already exists with the name") {
				// retry to fetch existing peering
				continue
			}
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to write peering: %w", err)
		}
		// write succeeded, break loop early
		break
	}

	serverAddrs, err := s.Backend.GetLocalServerAddresses()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	tok := structs.PeeringToken{
		// Store the UUID so that we can do a global search when handling inbound streams.
		PeerID:              peering.ID,
		CA:                  caPEMs,
		ServerAddresses:     serverAddrs,
		ServerName:          serverName,
		EstablishmentSecret: secretID,
		Remote: structs.PeeringTokenRemote{
			Partition:  req.PartitionOrDefault(),
			Datacenter: s.Datacenter,
		},
	}

	encoded, err := s.Backend.EncodeToken(&tok)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	resp.PeeringToken = string(encoded)
	return resp, err
}

// Establish implements the PeeringService RPC method to finalize peering
// registration. Given a valid token output from a peer's GenerateToken endpoint,
// a peering is registered.
func (s *Server) Establish(
	ctx context.Context,
	req *pbpeering.EstablishRequest,
) (*pbpeering.EstablishResponse, error) {
	if !s.Config.PeeringEnabled {
		return nil, peeringNotEnabledErr
	}

	// validate prior to forwarding to the leader, this saves a network hop
	if err := dns.ValidateLabel(req.PeerName); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("%s is not a valid peer name: %w", req.PeerName, err)
	}
	tok, err := s.Backend.DecodeToken([]byte(req.PeeringToken))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if err := validatePeeringToken(tok); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if err := structs.ValidateMetaTags(req.Meta); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("meta tags failed validation: %w", err)
	}

	resp := &pbpeering.EstablishResponse{}
	handled, err := s.ForwardRPC(&writeRequest, func(conn *grpc.ClientConn) error {
		ctx := external.ForwardMetadataContext(ctx)
		var err error
		resp, err = pbpeering.NewPeeringServiceClient(conn).Establish(ctx, req)
		return err
	})
	if handled || err != nil {
		return resp, err
	}

	defer metrics.MeasureSince([]string{"peering", "establish"}, time.Now())

	var authzCtx acl.AuthorizerContext
	entMeta := structs.DefaultEnterpriseMetaInPartition(req.Partition)
	options, err := external.QueryOptionsFromContext(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	authz, err := s.Backend.ResolveTokenAndDefaultMeta(options.Token, entMeta, &authzCtx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if err := authz.ToAllowAuthorizer().PeeringWriteAllowed(&authzCtx); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	existing, err := s.getExistingPeering(req.PeerName, entMeta.PartitionOrDefault())
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if err := s.validatePeeringLocality(tok); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	var id string
	serverAddrs := tok.ServerAddresses
	if existing == nil {
		id, err = lib.GenerateUUID(s.Backend.CheckPeeringUUID)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	} else {
		id = existing.ID
		// If there is a connected stream, assume that the existing ServerAddresses
		// are up to date and do not try to overwrite them with the token's addresses.
		if status, ok := s.Tracker.StreamStatus(id); ok && status.Connected {
			serverAddrs = existing.PeerServerAddresses
		}
	}

	// validate that this peer name is not being used as an acceptor already
	if err := validatePeer(existing, true); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	peering := &pbpeering.Peering{
		ID:                  id,
		Name:                req.PeerName,
		PeerCAPems:          tok.CA,
		PeerServerAddresses: serverAddrs,
		PeerServerName:      tok.ServerName,
		PeerID:              tok.PeerID,
		Meta:                req.Meta,

		// State is intentionally not set until after the secret exchange succeeds.
		// This is to prevent a scenario where an active peering is re-established,
		// the secret exchange fails, and the peering state gets stuck in "Establishing"
		// while the original connection is still active.
		// State: pbpeering.PeeringState_ESTABLISHING,

		// PartitionOrEmpty is used to avoid writing "default" in OSS.
		Partition: entMeta.PartitionOrEmpty(),
		Remote: &pbpeering.RemoteInfo{
			Partition:  tok.Remote.Partition,
			Datacenter: tok.Remote.Datacenter,
		},
	}

	// Write the peering ahead of the ExchangeSecret handshake to give
	// mesh gateways in the default partition an opportunity
	// to update their config with an outbound route to this peer server.
	//
	// If the request to exchange a secret fails then the peering will continue to exist.
	// We do not undo this write because this call to establish may actually be a re-establish call
	// for an active peering.
	writeReq := &pbpeering.PeeringWriteRequest{
		Peering: peering,
	}
	if err := s.Backend.PeeringWrite(writeReq); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to write peering: %w", err)
	}

	exchangeResp, dialErrors := s.exchangeSecret(ctx, peering, tok.EstablishmentSecret)
	if exchangeResp == nil {
		return nil, dialErrors
	}
	peering.State = pbpeering.PeeringState_ESTABLISHING

	// As soon as a peering is written with a non-empty list of ServerAddresses
	// and an active stream secret, a leader routine will see the peering and
	// attempt to establish a peering stream with the remote peer.
	writeReq = &pbpeering.PeeringWriteRequest{
		Peering: peering,
		SecretsRequest: &pbpeering.SecretsWriteRequest{
			PeerID: peering.ID,
			Request: &pbpeering.SecretsWriteRequest_Establish{
				Establish: &pbpeering.SecretsWriteRequest_EstablishRequest{
					ActiveStreamSecret: exchangeResp.StreamSecret,
				},
			},
		},
	}
	if err := s.Backend.PeeringWrite(writeReq); err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to write peering: %w", err)
	}
	return resp, nil
}

// validatePeeringLocality makes sure that we don't create a peering in the same cluster it was generated.
// If the ServerName of the PeeringToken overlaps with our own, we do not accept it.
func (s *Server) validatePeeringLocality(token *structs.PeeringToken) error {
	serverName, _, err := s.Backend.GetTLSMaterials(false)
	if err != nil {
		return fmt.Errorf("failed to fetch TLS materials: %w", err)
	}
	if serverName == token.ServerName {
		return fmt.Errorf(
			"cannot create a peering within the same cluster %q. Refer to the `exported-services` documentation if you want to export between partitions without peering",
			serverName)
	}
	return nil
}

// exchangeSecret will continuously attempt to exchange the given establishment secret with the peer, up to a timeout.
// This function will attempt to dial through mesh gateways if the local DC is configured to peer through gateways,
// but will fall back to server addresses if not.
func (s *Server) exchangeSecret(ctx context.Context, peering *pbpeering.Peering, establishmentSecret string) (*pbpeerstream.ExchangeSecretResponse, error) {
	req := pbpeerstream.ExchangeSecretRequest{
		PeerID:              peering.PeerID,
		EstablishmentSecret: establishmentSecret,
	}

	tlsOption, err := peering.TLSDialOption()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to build TLS dial option from peering: %w", err)
	}

	ringBuf, usingGateways, err := s.Backend.GetDialAddresses(s.Logger, nil, peering.ID)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get addresses to dial peer: %w", err)
	}

	var (
		resp       *pbpeerstream.ExchangeSecretResponse
		dialErrors error
	)

	retryWait := 150 * time.Millisecond
	jitter := retry.NewJitter(25)

	if usingGateways {
		// If we are dialing through local gateways we sleep before issuing the first request.
		// This gives the local gateways some time to configure a route to the peer servers.
		time.Sleep(meshGatewayWait)
	}

	retryCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, establishmentTimeout)
	defer cancel()

	for retryCtx.Err() == nil {
		addr := ringBuf.Value.(string)

		dialCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 2*time.Second)
		defer cancel()

		conn, err := grpc.DialContext(dialCtx, addr,
			tlsOption,
		)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to dial peer: %w", err)
		}
		defer conn.Close()

		client := pbpeerstream.NewPeerStreamServiceClient(conn)
		resp, err = client.ExchangeSecret(ctx, &req)

		// If we got a permission denied error that means out establishment secret is invalid, so we do not retry.
		grpcErr, ok := grpcstatus.FromError(err)
		if ok && grpcErr.Code() == codes.PermissionDenied {
			return nil, grpcstatus.Errorf(codes.PermissionDenied, "a new peering token must be generated: %s", grpcErr.Message())
		}
		if err != nil {
			dialErrors = multierror.Append(dialErrors, fmt.Errorf("failed to exchange peering secret through address %q: %w", addr, err))
		}
		if resp != nil {
			// Got a valid response. We're done.
			break
		}

		time.Sleep(jitter(retryWait))

		// Cycle to the next possible address.
		ringBuf = ringBuf.Next()
	}
	return resp, dialErrors
}

// OPTIMIZE: Handle blocking queries
func (s *Server) PeeringRead(ctx context.Context, req *pbpeering.PeeringReadRequest) (*pbpeering.PeeringReadResponse, error) {
	if !s.Config.PeeringEnabled {
		return nil, peeringNotEnabledErr
	}

	if err := s.Backend.EnterpriseCheckPartitions(req.Partition); err != nil {
		return nil, grpcstatus.Error(codes.InvalidArgument, err.Error())
	}

	var resp *pbpeering.PeeringReadResponse
	handled, err := s.ForwardRPC(&readRequest, func(conn *grpc.ClientConn) error {
		ctx := external.ForwardMetadataContext(ctx)
		var err error
		resp, err = pbpeering.NewPeeringServiceClient(conn).PeeringRead(ctx, req)
		return err
	})
	if handled || err != nil {
		return resp, err
	}

	defer metrics.MeasureSince([]string{"peering", "read"}, time.Now())

	var authzCtx acl.AuthorizerContext
	entMeta := structs.DefaultEnterpriseMetaInPartition(req.Partition)
	options, err := external.QueryOptionsFromContext(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	authz, err := s.Backend.ResolveTokenAndDefaultMeta(options.Token, entMeta, &authzCtx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if err := authz.ToAllowAuthorizer().PeeringReadAllowed(&authzCtx); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	q := state.Query{
		Value:          strings.ToLower(req.Name),
		EnterpriseMeta: *entMeta,
	}
	_, peering, err := s.Backend.Store().PeeringRead(nil, q)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if peering == nil {
		return &pbpeering.PeeringReadResponse{Peering: nil}, nil
	}

	cp := s.reconcilePeering(peering)
	return &pbpeering.PeeringReadResponse{Peering: cp}, nil
}

// OPTIMIZE: Handle blocking queries
func (s *Server) PeeringList(ctx context.Context, req *pbpeering.PeeringListRequest) (*pbpeering.PeeringListResponse, error) {
	if !s.Config.PeeringEnabled {
		return nil, peeringNotEnabledErr
	}

	if err := s.Backend.EnterpriseCheckPartitions(req.Partition); err != nil {
		return nil, grpcstatus.Error(codes.InvalidArgument, err.Error())
	}

	var resp *pbpeering.PeeringListResponse
	handled, err := s.ForwardRPC(&readRequest, func(conn *grpc.ClientConn) error {
		ctx := external.ForwardMetadataContext(ctx)
		var err error
		resp, err = pbpeering.NewPeeringServiceClient(conn).PeeringList(ctx, req)
		return err
	})
	if handled || err != nil {
		return resp, err
	}

	var authzCtx acl.AuthorizerContext
	entMeta := structs.DefaultEnterpriseMetaInPartition(req.Partition)
	options, err := external.QueryOptionsFromContext(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	authz, err := s.Backend.ResolveTokenAndDefaultMeta(options.Token, entMeta, &authzCtx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if err := authz.ToAllowAuthorizer().PeeringReadAllowed(&authzCtx); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	defer metrics.MeasureSince([]string{"peering", "list"}, time.Now())

	idx, peerings, err := s.Backend.Store().PeeringList(nil, *entMeta)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// reconcile the actual peering state; need to copy over the ds for peering
	var cPeerings []*pbpeering.Peering
	for _, p := range peerings {
		cp := s.reconcilePeering(p)
		cPeerings = append(cPeerings, cp)
	}

	return &pbpeering.PeeringListResponse{Peerings: cPeerings, Index: idx}, nil
}

// TODO(peering): Get rid of this func when we stop using the stream tracker for imported/ exported services and the peering state
// reconcilePeering enriches the peering with the following information:
// -- PeeringState.Active if the peering is active
// -- ImportedServicesCount and ExportedServicesCount
// NOTE: we return a new peering with this additional data
func (s *Server) reconcilePeering(peering *pbpeering.Peering) *pbpeering.Peering {
	streamState, found := s.Tracker.StreamStatus(peering.ID)
	if !found {
		// TODO(peering): this may be noise on non-leaders
		s.Logger.Warn("did not find peer in stream tracker; cannot populate imported and"+
			" exported services count or reconcile peering state", "peerID", peering.ID)
		peering.StreamStatus = &pbpeering.StreamStatus{}
		return peering
	} else {
		cp := copyPeering(peering)

		// reconcile pbpeering.PeeringState_Active
		if streamState.Connected {
			cp.State = pbpeering.PeeringState_ACTIVE
		} else if streamState.DisconnectErrorMessage != "" {
			cp.State = pbpeering.PeeringState_FAILING
		}

		latest := func(tt ...*time.Time) *time.Time {
			latest := time.Time{}
			for _, t := range tt {
				if t == nil {
					continue
				}
				if t.After(latest) {
					latest = *t
				}
			}
			return &latest
		}

		lastRecv := latest(streamState.LastRecvHeartbeat, streamState.LastRecvError, streamState.LastRecvResourceSuccess)
		lastSend := latest(streamState.LastSendError, streamState.LastSendSuccess)

		cp.StreamStatus = &pbpeering.StreamStatus{
			ImportedServices: streamState.ImportedServices,
			ExportedServices: streamState.ExportedServices,
			LastHeartbeat:    pbpeering.TimePtrToProto(streamState.LastRecvHeartbeat),
			LastReceive:      pbpeering.TimePtrToProto(lastRecv),
			LastSend:         pbpeering.TimePtrToProto(lastSend),
		}

		return cp
	}
}

// TODO(peering): As of writing, this method is only used in tests to set up Peerings in the state store.
// Consider removing if we can find another way to populate state store in peering_endpoint_test.go
func (s *Server) PeeringWrite(ctx context.Context, req *pbpeering.PeeringWriteRequest) (*pbpeering.PeeringWriteResponse, error) {
	if !s.Config.PeeringEnabled {
		return nil, peeringNotEnabledErr
	}

	if err := s.Backend.EnterpriseCheckPartitions(req.Peering.Partition); err != nil {
		return nil, grpcstatus.Error(codes.InvalidArgument, err.Error())
	}

	var resp *pbpeering.PeeringWriteResponse
	handled, err := s.ForwardRPC(&writeRequest, func(conn *grpc.ClientConn) error {
		ctx := external.ForwardMetadataContext(ctx)
		var err error
		resp, err = pbpeering.NewPeeringServiceClient(conn).PeeringWrite(ctx, req)
		return err
	})
	if handled || err != nil {
		return resp, err
	}

	defer metrics.MeasureSince([]string{"peering", "write"}, time.Now())

	var authzCtx acl.AuthorizerContext
	entMeta := structs.DefaultEnterpriseMetaInPartition(req.Peering.Partition)
	options, err := external.QueryOptionsFromContext(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	authz, err := s.Backend.ResolveTokenAndDefaultMeta(options.Token, entMeta, &authzCtx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if err := authz.ToAllowAuthorizer().PeeringWriteAllowed(&authzCtx); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if req.Peering == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("missing required peering body")
	}

	var id string
	peering, err := s.getExistingPeering(req.Peering.Name, entMeta.PartitionOrDefault())
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	if peering == nil {
		id, err = lib.GenerateUUID(s.Backend.CheckPeeringUUID)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
	} else {
		id = peering.ID
	}
	req.Peering.ID = id

	err = s.Backend.PeeringWrite(req)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return &pbpeering.PeeringWriteResponse{}, nil
}

func (s *Server) PeeringDelete(ctx context.Context, req *pbpeering.PeeringDeleteRequest) (*pbpeering.PeeringDeleteResponse, error) {
	if !s.Config.PeeringEnabled {
		return nil, peeringNotEnabledErr
	}

	if err := s.Backend.EnterpriseCheckPartitions(req.Partition); err != nil {
		return nil, grpcstatus.Error(codes.InvalidArgument, err.Error())
	}

	var resp *pbpeering.PeeringDeleteResponse
	handled, err := s.ForwardRPC(&writeRequest, func(conn *grpc.ClientConn) error {
		ctx := external.ForwardMetadataContext(ctx)
		var err error
		resp, err = pbpeering.NewPeeringServiceClient(conn).PeeringDelete(ctx, req)
		return err
	})
	if handled || err != nil {
		return resp, err
	}

	defer metrics.MeasureSince([]string{"peering", "delete"}, time.Now())

	var authzCtx acl.AuthorizerContext
	entMeta := structs.DefaultEnterpriseMetaInPartition(req.Partition)
	options, err := external.QueryOptionsFromContext(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	authz, err := s.Backend.ResolveTokenAndDefaultMeta(options.Token, entMeta, &authzCtx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if err := authz.ToAllowAuthorizer().PeeringWriteAllowed(&authzCtx); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	q := state.Query{
		Value:          strings.ToLower(req.Name),
		EnterpriseMeta: *entMeta,
	}
	_, existing, err := s.Backend.Store().PeeringRead(nil, q)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if existing == nil || existing.State == pbpeering.PeeringState_DELETING {
		// Return early when the Peering doesn't exist or is already marked for deletion.
		// We don't return nil because the pb will fail to marshal.
		return &pbpeering.PeeringDeleteResponse{}, nil
	}

	// We are using a write request due to needing to perform a deferred deletion.
	// The peering gets marked for deletion by setting the DeletedAt field,
	// and a leader routine will handle deleting the peering.
	writeReq := &pbpeering.PeeringWriteRequest{
		Peering: &pbpeering.Peering{
			// We only need to include the name and partition for the peering to be identified.
			// All other data associated with the peering can be discarded because once marked
			// for deletion the peering is effectively gone.
			ID:                  existing.ID,
			Name:                req.Name,
			State:               pbpeering.PeeringState_DELETING,
			PeerServerAddresses: existing.PeerServerAddresses,
			DeletedAt:           structs.TimeToProto(time.Now().UTC()),

			// PartitionOrEmpty is used to avoid writing "default" in OSS.
			Partition: entMeta.PartitionOrEmpty(),
		},
	}
	err = s.Backend.PeeringWrite(writeReq)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return &pbpeering.PeeringDeleteResponse{}, nil
}

// OPTIMIZE: Handle blocking queries
func (s *Server) TrustBundleRead(ctx context.Context, req *pbpeering.TrustBundleReadRequest) (*pbpeering.TrustBundleReadResponse, error) {
	if !s.Config.PeeringEnabled {
		return nil, peeringNotEnabledErr
	}

	if err := s.Backend.EnterpriseCheckPartitions(req.Partition); err != nil {
		return nil, grpcstatus.Error(codes.InvalidArgument, err.Error())
	}

	options, err := external.QueryOptionsFromContext(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	var resp *pbpeering.TrustBundleReadResponse
	handled, err := s.ForwardRPC(&readRequest, func(conn *grpc.ClientConn) error {
		ctx := external.ForwardMetadataContext(ctx)
		var err error
		resp, err = pbpeering.NewPeeringServiceClient(conn).TrustBundleRead(ctx, req)
		return err
	})
	if handled || err != nil {
		return resp, err
	}

	defer metrics.MeasureSince([]string{"peering", "trust_bundle_read"}, time.Now())

	var authzCtx acl.AuthorizerContext
	entMeta := structs.DefaultEnterpriseMetaInPartition(req.Partition)
	authz, err := s.Backend.ResolveTokenAndDefaultMeta(options.Token, entMeta, &authzCtx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if err := authz.ToAllowAuthorizer().ServiceWriteAnyAllowed(&authzCtx); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	idx, trustBundle, err := s.Backend.Store().PeeringTrustBundleRead(nil, state.Query{
		Value:          req.Name,
		EnterpriseMeta: *entMeta,
	})
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read trust bundle for peer %s: %w", req.Name, err)
	}

	return &pbpeering.TrustBundleReadResponse{
		Index:  idx,
		Bundle: trustBundle,
	}, nil
}

// TODO(peering): rename rpc & request/response to drop the "service" part
// OPTIMIZE: Handle blocking queries
func (s *Server) TrustBundleListByService(ctx context.Context, req *pbpeering.TrustBundleListByServiceRequest) (*pbpeering.TrustBundleListByServiceResponse, error) {
	if !s.Config.PeeringEnabled {
		return nil, peeringNotEnabledErr
	}

	if err := s.Backend.EnterpriseCheckPartitions(req.Partition); err != nil {
		return nil, grpcstatus.Error(codes.InvalidArgument, err.Error())
	}
	if err := s.Backend.EnterpriseCheckNamespaces(req.Namespace); err != nil {
		return nil, grpcstatus.Error(codes.InvalidArgument, err.Error())
	}
	if req.ServiceName == "" {
		return nil, errors.New("missing service name")
	}

	var resp *pbpeering.TrustBundleListByServiceResponse
	handled, err := s.ForwardRPC(&readRequest, func(conn *grpc.ClientConn) error {
		ctx := external.ForwardMetadataContext(ctx)
		var err error
		resp, err = pbpeering.NewPeeringServiceClient(conn).TrustBundleListByService(ctx, req)
		return err
	})
	if handled || err != nil {
		return resp, err
	}

	defer metrics.MeasureSince([]string{"peering", "trust_bundle_list_by_service"}, time.Now())

	var authzCtx acl.AuthorizerContext
	entMeta := acl.NewEnterpriseMetaWithPartition(req.Partition, req.Namespace)
	options, err := external.QueryOptionsFromContext(ctx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	authz, err := s.Backend.ResolveTokenAndDefaultMeta(options.Token, &entMeta, &authzCtx)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	if err := authz.ToAllowAuthorizer().ServiceWriteAllowed(req.ServiceName, &authzCtx); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	var (
		idx     uint64
		bundles []*pbpeering.PeeringTrustBundle
	)

	switch {
	case req.Kind == string(structs.ServiceKindMeshGateway):
		idx, bundles, err = s.Backend.Store().PeeringTrustBundleList(nil, entMeta)
	case req.ServiceName != "":
		idx, bundles, err = s.Backend.Store().TrustBundleListByService(nil, req.ServiceName, s.Datacenter, entMeta)
	case req.Kind != "":
		return nil, grpcstatus.Error(codes.InvalidArgument, "kind must be mesh-gateway if set")
	default:
		return nil, grpcstatus.Error(codes.InvalidArgument, "one of service or kind is required")
	}

	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	return &pbpeering.TrustBundleListByServiceResponse{Index: idx, Bundles: bundles}, nil
}

func (s *Server) getExistingPeering(peerName, partition string) (*pbpeering.Peering, error) {
	q := state.Query{
		Value:          strings.ToLower(peerName),
		EnterpriseMeta: *structs.NodeEnterpriseMetaInPartition(partition),
	}
	_, peering, err := s.Backend.Store().PeeringRead(nil, q)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return peering, nil
}

func (s *Server) generateNewEstablishmentSecret() (string, error) {
	id, err := lib.GenerateUUID(s.Backend.ValidateProposedPeeringSecret)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return id, nil
}

// validatePeer enforces the following rule for an existing peering:
// - if a peering already exists, it can only be used as an acceptor or dialer
//
// We define a DIALER as a peering that has server addresses (or a peering that is created via the Establish endpoint)
// Conversely, we define an ACCEPTOR as a peering that is created via the GenerateToken endpoint
func validatePeer(peering *pbpeering.Peering, shouldDial bool) error {
	if peering != nil && peering.ShouldDial() != shouldDial {
		if shouldDial {
			return fmt.Errorf("cannot create peering with name: %q; there is an existing peering expecting to be dialed", peering.Name)
		} else {
			return fmt.Errorf("cannot create peering with name: %q; there is already an established peering", peering.Name)
		}
	}
	return nil
}

func copyPeering(p *pbpeering.Peering) *pbpeering.Peering {
	var copyP pbpeering.Peering
	proto.Merge(&copyP, p)

	return &copyP
}