Vulkan-Docs/doc/specs/vulkan/chapters/VK_KHR_surface/wsi.txt

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// Copyright (c) 2014-2016 The Khronos Group Inc.
// Copyright notice at https://www.khronos.org/registry/speccopyright.html
[[wsi]]
= Window System Integration (WSI)
This chapter discusses the window system integration (WSI) between the
Vulkan API and the various forms of displaying the results of rendering to a
user.
Since the Vulkan API can: be used without displaying results, WSI is
provided through the use of optional Vulkan extensions.
This chapter provides an overview of WSI.
See the appendix for additional details of each WSI extension, including
which extensions must: be enabled in order to use each of the functions
described in this chapter.
== WSI Platform
A platform is an abstraction for a window system, OS, etc.
Some examples include MS Windows, Android, and Wayland.
The Vulkan API may: be integrated in a unique manner for each platform.
The Vulkan API does not define any type of platform object.
Platform-specific WSI extensions are defined, which contain
platform-specific functions for using WSI.
Use of these extensions is guarded by preprocessor symbols as defined in the
<<boilerplate-wsi-header,Window System-Specific Header Control>> appendix.
In order for an application to be compiled to use WSI with a given platform,
it must: #define the appropriate preprocessor symbol prior to including the
"vulkan.h" header file.
Each platform-specific extension is an instance extension.
The application must: enable instance extensions with fname:vkCreateInstance
before using them.
== WSI Surface
A sname:VkSurfaceKHR object abstracts a native platform surface or window
object for use with Vulkan.
The +VK_KHR_surface extension+ declares the sname:VkSurfaceKHR object, and
provides a function for destroying sname:VkSurfaceKHR objects.
Separate platform-specific extensions each provide a function for creating a
sname:VkSurfaceKHR object for the respective platform.
From the application's perspective this is an opaque handle, just like the
handles of other Vulkan objects.
ifdef::implementation-guide[]
[NOTE]
.Note
====
On certain platforms, the Vulkan loader and ICDs may: have conventions that
treat the handle as a pointer to a struct that contains the
platform-specific information about the surface.
This will be described in the documentation for the loader-ICD interface,
and in the "vk_icd.h" header file of the LoaderAndTools source-code
repository.
This does not affect the loader-layer interface; layers may: wrap
sname:VkSurfaceKHR objects.
====
ifdef::editing-notes[]
[NOTE]
.editing-note
====
TODO: Consider replacing the above note editing note with a pointer to the
loader spec when it exists.
However, the information is not relevant to users of the API nor does it
affect conformance of a Vulkan implementation to this spec.
====
endif::editing-notes[]
endif::implementation-guide[]
ifdef::VK_KHR_android_surface[]
include::../VK_KHR_android_surface/platformCreateSurface_android.txt[]
endif::VK_KHR_android_surface[]
ifdef::VK_KHR_mir_surface[]
include::../VK_KHR_mir_surface/platformCreateSurface_mir.txt[]
endif::VK_KHR_mir_surface[]
ifdef::VK_KHR_wayland_surface[]
include::../VK_KHR_wayland_surface/platformCreateSurface_wayland.txt[]
endif::VK_KHR_wayland_surface[]
ifdef::VK_KHR_win32_surface[]
include::../VK_KHR_win32_surface/platformCreateSurface_win32.txt[]
endif::VK_KHR_win32_surface[]
ifdef::VK_KHR_xcb_surface[]
include::../VK_KHR_xcb_surface/platformCreateSurface_xcb.txt[]
endif::VK_KHR_xcb_surface[]
ifdef::VK_KHR_xlib_surface[]
include::../VK_KHR_xlib_surface/platformCreateSurface_xlib.txt[]
endif::VK_KHR_xlib_surface[]
=== Platform-Independent Information
Once created, sname:VkSurfaceKHR objects can: be used in this and other
extensions, in particular the +VK_KHR_swapchain+ extension.
Several WSI functions return ename:VK_ERROR_SURFACE_LOST_KHR if the surface
becomes no longer available.
After such an error, the surface (and any child swapchain, if one exists)
should: be destroyed, as there is no way to restore them to a not-lost
state.
Applications may: attempt to create a new sname:VkSurfaceKHR using the same
native platform window object, but whether such re-creation will succeed is
platform-dependent and may: depend on the reason the surface became
unavailable.
A lost surface does not otherwise cause devices to be
<<devsandqueues-lost-device,lost>>.
// refBegin vkDestroySurfaceKHR - Destroy a VkSurfaceKHR object
To destroy a sname:VkSurfaceKHR object, call:
include::../../api/protos/vkDestroySurfaceKHR.txt[]
* pname:instance is the instance used to create the surface.
* pname:surface is the surface to destroy.
* pname:pAllocator is the allocator used for host memory allocated for the
surface object when there is no more specific allocator available (see
<<memory-allocation,Memory Allocation>>).
Destroying a sname:VkSurfaceKHR merely severs the connection between Vulkan
and the native surface, and does not imply destroying the native surface,
closing a window, or similar behavior.
.Valid Usage
****
* All sname:VkSwapchainKHR objects created for pname:surface must: have
been destroyed prior to destroying pname:surface
* If sname:VkAllocationCallbacks were provided when pname:surface was
created, a compatible set of callbacks must: be provided here
* If no sname:VkAllocationCallbacks were provided when pname:surface was
created, pname:pAllocator must: be `NULL`
****
include::../../validity/protos/vkDestroySurfaceKHR.txt[]
ifdef::VK_KHR_display[]
include::../VK_KHR_display/display.txt[]
endif::VK_KHR_display[]
== Querying for WSI Support
Not all physical devices will include WSI support.
Within a physical device, not all queue families will support presentation.
WSI support and compatibility can: be determined in a platform-neutral
manner (which determines support for presentation to a particular surface
object) and additionally may: be determined in platform-specific manners
(which determine support for presentation on the specified physical device
but do not guarantee support for presentation to a particular surface
object).
// refBegin vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR - Query if presentation is supported
To determine whether a queue family of a physical device supports
presentation to a given surface, call:
include::../../api/protos/vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR.txt[]
* pname:physicalDevice is the physical device.
* pname:queueFamilyIndex is the queue family.
* pname:surface is the surface.
* pname:pSupported is a pointer to a basetype:VkBool32, which is set to
ename:VK_TRUE to indicate support, and ename:VK_FALSE otherwise.
.Valid Usage
****
* pname:queueFamilyIndex must: be less than
pname:pQueueFamilyPropertyCount returned by
fname:vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties for the given
pname:physicalDevice
****
include::../../validity/protos/vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR.txt[]
ifdef::VK_KHR_android_surface[]
include::../VK_KHR_android_surface/platformQuerySupport_android.txt[]
endif::VK_KHR_android_surface[]
ifdef::VK_KHR_mir_surface[]
include::../VK_KHR_mir_surface/platformQuerySupport_mir.txt[]
endif::VK_KHR_mir_surface[]
ifdef::VK_KHR_wayland_surface[]
include::../VK_KHR_wayland_surface/platformQuerySupport_wayland.txt[]
endif::VK_KHR_wayland_surface[]
ifdef::VK_KHR_win32_surface[]
include::../VK_KHR_win32_surface/platformQuerySupport_win32.txt[]
endif::VK_KHR_win32_surface[]
ifdef::VK_KHR_xcb_surface[]
include::../VK_KHR_xcb_surface/platformQuerySupport_xcb.txt[]
endif::VK_KHR_xcb_surface[]
ifdef::VK_KHR_xlib_surface[]
include::../VK_KHR_xlib_surface/platformQuerySupport_xlib.txt[]
endif::VK_KHR_xlib_surface[]
== Surface Queries
// refBegin vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR - Query surface capabilities
To query the basic capabilities of a surface, needed in order to create a
swapchain, call:
include::../../api/protos/vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR.txt[]
* pname:physicalDevice is the physical device that will be associated with
the swapchain to be created, as described for
flink:vkCreateSwapchainKHR.
* pname:surface is the surface that will be associated with the swapchain.
* pname:pSurfaceCapabilities is a pointer to an instance of the
slink:VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR structure in which the capabilities are
returned.
include::../../validity/protos/vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR.txt[]
// refBegin VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR - Structure describing capabilities of a surface
The sname:VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR structure is defined as:
include::../../api/structs/VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR.txt[]
* pname:minImageCount is the minimum number of images the specified device
supports for a swapchain created for the surface.
* pname:maxImageCount is the maximum number of images the specified device
supports for a swapchain created for the surface.
A value of 0 means that there is no limit on the number of images,
though there may: be limits related to the total amount of memory used
by swapchain images.
* pname:currentExtent is the current width and height of the surface, or
the special value [eq]#(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF)# indicating that the
surface size will be determined by the extent of a swapchain targeting
the surface.
* pname:minImageExtent contains the smallest valid swapchain extent for
the surface on the specified device.
* pname:maxImageExtent contains the largest valid swapchain extent for the
surface on the specified device.
* pname:maxImageArrayLayers is the maximum number of layers swapchain
images can: have for a swapchain created for this device and surface.
* pname:supportedTransforms is a bitmask of
elink:VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR, describing the presentation
transforms supported for the surface on the specified device.
* pname:currentTransform is a bitmask of
elink:VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR, describing the surface's current
transform relative to the presentation engine's natural orientation.
* pname:supportedCompositeAlpha is a bitmask of
elink:VkCompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR, representing the alpha compositing
modes supported by the presentation engine for the surface on the
specified device.
Opaque composition can: be achieved in any alpha compositing mode by
either using a swapchain image format that has no alpha component, or by
ensuring that all pixels in the swapchain images have an alpha value of
1.0.
* pname:supportedUsageFlags is a bitmask of elink:VkImageUsageFlagBits
representing the ways the application can: use the presentable images of
a swapchain created for the surface on the specified device.
ename:VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT must: be included in the set
but implementations may: support additional usages.
[NOTE]
.Note
====
Formulas such as [eq]#min(N, pname:maxImageCount)# are not correct, since
pname:maxImageCount may: be zero.
====
include::../../validity/structs/VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR.txt[]
// refBegin VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR - presentation transforms supported on a device
The pname:supportedTransforms and pname:currentTransform members are of type
ename:VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR, which contains the following values:
include::../../api/enums/VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR.txt[]
These values are described as follows:
* ename:VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_IDENTITY_BIT_KHR: The image content is
presented without being transformed.
* ename:VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_ROTATE_90_BIT_KHR: The image content is
rotated 90 degrees clockwise.
* ename:VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_ROTATE_180_BIT_KHR: The image content is
rotated 180 degrees clockwise.
* ename:VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_ROTATE_270_BIT_KHR: The image content is
rotated 270 degrees clockwise.
* ename:VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_HORIZONTAL_MIRROR_BIT_KHR: The image content
is mirrored horizontally.
* ename:VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_HORIZONTAL_MIRROR_ROTATE_90_BIT_KHR: The
image content is mirrored horizontally, then rotated 90 degrees
clockwise.
* ename:VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_HORIZONTAL_MIRROR_ROTATE_180_BIT_KHR: The
image content is mirrored horizontally, then rotated 180 degrees
clockwise.
* ename:VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_HORIZONTAL_MIRROR_ROTATE_270_BIT_KHR: The
image content is mirrored horizontally, then rotated 270 degrees
clockwise.
* ename:VK_SURFACE_TRANSFORM_INHERIT_BIT_KHR: The presentation transform
is not specified, and is instead determined by platform-specific
considerations and mechanisms outside Vulkan.
// refEnd VkSurfaceTransformFlagBitsKHR
// refBegin VkCompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR - alpha compositing modes supported on a device
The pname:supportedCompositeAlpha member is of type
ename:VkCompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR, which contains the following values:
include::../../api/enums/VkCompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR.txt[]
These values are described as follows:
* ename:VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_OPAQUE_BIT_KHR: The alpha channel, if it
exists, of the images is ignored in the compositing process.
Instead, the image is treated as if it has a constant alpha of 1.0.
* ename:VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_PRE_MULTIPLIED_BIT_KHR: The alpha channel, if
it exists, of the images is respected in the compositing process.
The non-alpha channels of the image are expected to already be
multiplied by the alpha channel by the application.
* ename:VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_POST_MULTIPLIED_BIT_KHR: The alpha channel, if
it exists, of the images is respected in the compositing process.
The non-alpha channels of the image are not expected to already be
multiplied by the alpha channel by the application; instead, the
compositor will multiply the non-alpha channels of the image by the
alpha channel during compositing.
* ename:VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_INHERIT_BIT_KHR: The way in which the
presentation engine treats the alpha channel in the images is unknown to
the Vulkan API.
Instead, the application is responsible for setting the composite alpha
blending mode using native window system commands.
If the application does not set the blending mode using native window
system commands, then a platform-specific default will be used.
// refEnd VkCompositeAlphaFlagBitsKHR
// refBegin vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR - Query color formats supported by surface
To query the supported swapchain format-color space pairs for a surface,
call:
include::../../api/protos/vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR.txt[]
* pname:physicalDevice is the physical device that will be associated with
the swapchain to be created, as described for
flink:vkCreateSwapchainKHR.
* pname:surface is the surface that will be associated with the swapchain.
* pname:pSurfaceFormatCount is a pointer to an integer related to the
number of format pairs available or queried, as described below.
* pname:pSurfaceFormats is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of
sname:VkSurfaceFormatKHR structures.
If pname:pSurfaceFormats is `NULL`, then the number of format pairs
supported for the given pname:surface is returned in
pname:pSurfaceFormatCount.
Otherwise, pname:pSurfaceFormatCount must: point to a variable set by the
user to the number of elements in the pname:pSurfaceFormats array, and on
return the variable is overwritten with the number of structures actually
written to pname:pSurfaceFormats.
If the value of pname:pSurfaceFormatCount is less than the number of format
pairs supported, at most pname:pSurfaceFormatCount structures will be
written.
If pname:pSurfaceFormatCount is smaller than the number of format pairs
supported for the given pname:surface, ename:VK_INCOMPLETE will be returned
instead of ename:VK_SUCCESS to indicate that not all the available values
were returned.
include::../../validity/protos/vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR.txt[]
// refBegin VkSurfaceFormatKHR - Structure describing a supported swapchain format-color space pair
The sname:VkSurfaceFormatKHR structure is defined as:
include::../../api/structs/VkSurfaceFormatKHR.txt[]
* pname:format is a ename:VkFormat that is compatible with the specified
surface.
* pname:colorSpace is a presentation ename:VkColorSpaceKHR that is
compatible with the surface.
include::../../validity/structs/VkSurfaceFormatKHR.txt[]
While the pname:format of a presentable image refers to the encoding of each
pixel, the pname:colorSpace determines how the presentation engine
interprets the pixel values.
A color space in this document refers to a specific combination of color
model (i.e. RGB, YUV, HSL etc.), the actual color space (defined by the
chromaticities of its primaries and a white point in CIE Lab), and a
transfer function that is applied before storing or transmitting color data
in the given color space.
// refBegin VkColorSpaceKHR - supported color space of the presentation engine
The ename:VkColorSpaceKHR is defined as follows:
include::../../api/enums/VkColorSpaceKHR.txt[]
* ename:VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR: The presentation engine
supports the sRGB color space.
[NOTE]
.Note
====
If pname:pSurfaceFormats includes just one entry, whose value for
pname:format is ename:VK_FORMAT_UNDEFINED, pname:surface has no preferred
format.
In this case, the application can: use any valid ename:VkFormat value.
====
[NOTE]
.Note
====
In the initial release of the +VK_KHR_surface+ and +VK_KHR_swapchain+
extensions, the token ename:VK_COLORSPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR was used.
Starting in the May 13, 2016 updates to the extension branches, matching
release 1.0.13 of the core API specification,
ename:VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR is used instead for consistency with
Vulkan naming rules.
The older enum is still available for backwards compatibility.
====
// refEnd VkColorSpaceKHR
// refBegin vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR - Query supported presentation modes
To query the supported presentation modes for a surface, call:
include::../../api/protos/vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR.txt[]
* pname:physicalDevice is the physical device that will be associated with
the swapchain to be created, as described for
flink:vkCreateSwapchainKHR.
* pname:surface is the surface that will be associated with the swapchain.
* pname:pPresentModeCount is a pointer to an integer related to the number
of presentation modes available or queried, as described below.
* pname:pPresentModes is either `NULL` or a pointer to an array of
elink:VkPresentModeKHR structures.
If pname:pPresentModes is `NULL`, then the number of presentation modes
supported for the given pname:surface is returned in
pname:pPresentModeCount.
Otherwise, pname:pPresentModeCount must: point to a variable set by the user
to the number of elements in the pname:pPresentModes array, and on return
the variable is overwritten with the number of values actually written to
pname:pPresentModes.
If the value of pname:pPresentModeCount is less than the number of
presentation modes supported, at most pname:pPresentModeCount values will be
written.
If pname:pPresentModeCount is smaller than the number of presentation modes
supported for the given pname:surface, ename:VK_INCOMPLETE will be returned
instead of ename:VK_SUCCESS to indicate that not all the available values
were returned.
include::../../validity/protos/vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR.txt[]
// refBegin VkPresentModeKHR - presentation mode supported for a surface
The definition of ename:VkPresentModeKHR is:
include::../../api/enums/VkPresentModeKHR.txt[]
* ename:VK_PRESENT_MODE_IMMEDIATE_KHR: The presentation engine does not
wait for a vertical blanking period to update the current image, meaning
this mode may: result in visible tearing.
No internal queuing of presentation requests is needed, as the requests
are applied immediately.
* ename:VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR: The presentation engine waits for the
next vertical blanking period to update the current image.
Tearing cannot: be observed.
An internal single-entry queue is used to hold pending presentation
requests.
If the queue is full when a new presentation request is received, the
new request replaces the existing entry, and any images associated with
the prior entry become available for re-use by the application.
One request is removed from the queue and processed during each vertical
blanking period in which the queue is non-empty.
* ename:VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR: The presentation engine waits for the
next vertical blanking period to update the current image.
Tearing cannot: be observed.
An internal queue is used to hold pending presentation requests.
New requests are appended to the end of the queue, and one request is
removed from the beginning of the queue and processed during each
vertical blanking period in which the queue is non-empty.
This is the only value of pname:presentMode that is required: to be
supported.
* ename:VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR: The presentation engine
generally waits for the next vertical blanking period to update the
current image.
If a vertical blanking period has already passed since the last update
of the current image then the presentation engine does not wait for
another vertical blanking period for the update, meaning this mode may:
result in visible tearing in this case.
This mode is useful for reducing visual stutter with an application that
will mostly present a new image before the next vertical blanking
period, but may occasionally be late, and present a new image just after
the next vertical blanking period.
An internal queue is used to hold pending presentation requests.
New requests are appended to the end of the queue, and one request is
removed from the beginning of the queue and processed during or after
each vertical blanking period in which the queue is non-empty.
[NOTE]
.Note
====
For reference, the mode indicated by ename:VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR is
equivalent to the behavior of {wgl|glX|egl}SwapBuffers with a swap interval
of 1, while the mode indicated by ename:VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_RELAXED_KHR is
equivalent to the behavior of {wgl|glX}SwapBuffers with a swap interval of
-1 (from the {WGL|GLX}_EXT_swap_control_tear extensions).
====
// refEnd VkPresentModeKHR
ifdef::VK_KHR_swapchain[]
include::../VK_KHR_swapchain/wsi.txt[]
endif::VK_KHR_swapchain[]