// Copyright (c) 2015-2018 Khronos Group. This work is licensed under a // Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License; see // http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ // The asciidoc [glossary] template cannot contain subsections. // The abbreviations and prefixes probably belong in the upcoming // API/extension-writing-guidelines appendix, anyway. [glossary] [[glossary]] = Glossary The terms defined in this section are used consistently throughout this Specification and may be used with or without capitalization. Accessible (Descriptor Binding):: A descriptor binding is accessible to a shader stage if that stage is included in the pname:stageFlags of the descriptor binding. Descriptors using that binding can: only be used by stages in which they are accessible. Acquire Operation (Resource):: An operation that acquires ownership of an image subresource or buffer range. ifdef::VK_EXT_transform_feedback[] Active (Transform Feedback):: Transform feedback is made active after flink:vkCmdBeginTransformFeedbackEXT executes and remains active until flink:vkCmdEndTransformFeedbackEXT executes. While transform feedback is active, data written to variables in the output interface of the last vertex processing stage of the graphics pipeline are captured to the bound transform feedback buffers if those variables are decorated for transform feedback. endif::VK_EXT_transform_feedback[] Adjacent Vertex:: A vertex in an adjacency primitive topology that is not part of a given primitive, but is accessible in geometry shaders. ifdef::VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced[] Advanced Blend Operation:: Blending performed using one of the blend operation enums introduced by the `<>` extension. See <>. endif::VK_EXT_blend_operation_advanced[] Aliased Range (Memory):: A range of a device memory allocation that is bound to multiple resources simultaneously. Allocation Scope:: An association of a host memory allocation to a parent object or command, where the allocation's lifetime ends before or at the same time as the parent object is freed or destroyed, or during the parent command. Aspect (Image):: An image may: contain multiple kinds, or aspects, of data for each pixel, where each aspect is used in a particular way by the pipeline and may: be stored differently or separately from other aspects. For example, the color components of an image format make up the color aspect of the image, and may: be used as a framebuffer color attachment. Some operations, like depth testing, operate only on specific aspects of an image. Others operations, like image/buffer copies, only operate on one aspect at a time. Attachment (Render Pass):: A zero-based integer index name used in render pass creation to refer to a framebuffer attachment that is accessed by one or more subpasses. The index also refers to an attachment description which includes information about the properties of the image view that will later be attached. Availability Operation:: An operation that causes the values generated by specified memory write accesses to become available for future access. Available:: A state of values written to memory that allows them to be made visible. ifdef::VK_NV_ray_tracing[] Axis-aligned Bounding Box:: A box bounding a region in space defined by extents along each axis and thus representing a box where each edge is aligned to one of the major axes. endif::VK_NV_ray_tracing[] Back-Facing:: See Facingness. Batch:: A single structure submitted to a queue as part of a <>, describing a set of queue operations to execute. Backwards Compatibility:: A given version of the API is backwards compatible with an earlier version if an application, relying only on valid behavior and functionality defined by the earlier specification, is able to correctly run against each version without any modification. This assumes no active attempt by that application to not run when it detects a different version. Full Compatibility:: A given version of the API is fully compatible with another version if an application, relying only on valid behavior and functionality defined by either of those specifications, is able to correctly run against each version without any modification. This assumes no active attempt by that application to not run when it detects a different version. Binding (Memory):: An association established between a range of a resource object and a range of a memory object. These associations determine the memory locations affected by operations performed on elements of a resource object. Memory bindings are established using the flink:vkBindBufferMemory command for non-sparse buffer objects, using the flink:vkBindImageMemory command for non-sparse image objects, and using the flink:vkQueueBindSparse command for sparse resources. Blend Constant:: Four floating point (RGBA) values used as an input to blending. Blending:: Arithmetic operations between a fragment color value and a value in a color attachment that produce a final color value to be written to the attachment. Buffer:: A resource that represents a linear array of data in device memory. Represented by a slink:VkBuffer object. Buffer View:: An object that represents a range of a specific buffer, and state that controls how the contents are interpreted. Represented by a slink:VkBufferView object. Built-In Variable:: A variable decorated in a shader, where the decoration makes the variable take values provided by the execution environment or values that are generated by fixed-function pipeline stages. Built-In Interface Block:: A block defined in a shader that contains only variables decorated with built-in decorations, and is used to match against other shader stages. Clip Coordinates:: The homogeneous coordinate space that vertex positions (code:Position decoration) are written in by vertex processing stages. Clip Distance:: A built-in output from vertex processing stages that defines a clip half-space against which the primitive is clipped. Clip Volume:: The intersection of the view volume with all clip half-spaces. Color Attachment:: A subpass attachment point, or image view, that is the target of fragment color outputs and blending. ifdef::VK_AMD_shader_fragment_mask[] Color Fragment:: A unique color value within a pixel of a multisampled color image. The _fragment mask_ will contain indices to the _color fragment_. endif::VK_AMD_shader_fragment_mask[] Color Renderable Format:: A elink:VkFormat where ename:VK_FORMAT_FEATURE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT is set in one of the following, depending on the image's tiling: * slink:VkImageFormatProperties::pname:linearTilingFeatures * slink:VkImageFormatProperties::pname:optimalTilingFeatures ifdef::VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier[] * slink:VkDrmFormatPropertiesEXT::pname:drmFormatModifierTilingFeatures endif::VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier[] Color Sample Mask:: A bitfield associated with a fragment, with one bit for each sample in the color attachment(s). Samples are considered to be covered based on the result of the Coverage Reduction stage. Uncovered samples do not write to color attachments. Combined Image Sampler:: A descriptor type that includes both a sampled image and a sampler. Command Buffer:: An object that records commands to be submitted to a queue. Represented by a slink:VkCommandBuffer object. Command Pool:: An object that command buffer memory is allocated from, and that owns that memory. Command pools aid multithreaded performance by enabling different threads to use different allocators, without internal synchronization on each use. Represented by a slink:VkCommandPool object. Compatible Allocator:: When allocators are compatible, allocations from each allocator can: be freed by the other allocator. Compatible Image Formats:: When formats are compatible, images created with one of the formats can: have image views created from it using any of the compatible formats. Also see _Size-Compatible Image Formats_. Compatible Queues:: Queues within a queue family. Compatible queues have identical properties. Complete Mipmap Chain:: The entire set of miplevels that can be provided for an image, from the largest application specified miplevel size down to the _minimum miplevel size_. See <>. Component (Format):: A distinct part of a format. Depth, stencil, and color channels (e.g. R, G, B, A), are all separate components. Compressed Texel Block:: An element of an image having a block-compressed format, comprising a rectangular block of texel values that are encoded as a single value in memory. Compressed texel blocks of a particular block-compressed format have a corresponding width, height, and depth that define the dimensions of these elements in units of texels, and a size in bytes of the encoding in memory. ifdef::VK_NV_corner_sampled_image[] Corner-Sampled Image:: A slink:VkImage where unnormalized texel coordinates are centered on integer values instead of half-integer values. Specified by setting the ename:VK_IMAGE_CREATE_CORNER_SAMPLED_BIT_NV bit on slink:VkImageCreateInfo::pname:flags at image creation. endif::VK_NV_corner_sampled_image[] Coverage:: A bitfield associated with a fragment, where each bit is associated to a rasterization sample. Samples are initially considered to be covered based on the result of rasterization, and then coverage can subsequently be turned on or off by other fragment operations or the fragment shader. Uncovered samples do not write to framebuffer attachments. Cull Distance:: A built-in output from vertex processing stages that defines a cull half-space where the primitive is rejected if all vertices have a negative value for the same cull distance. Cull Volume:: The intersection of the view volume with all cull half-spaces. Decoration (SPIR-V):: Auxiliary information such as built-in variables, stream numbers, invariance, interpolation type, relaxed precision, etc., added to variables or structure-type members through decorations. Deprecated:: A feature is deprecated if it is no longer recommended as the correct or best way to achieve its intended purpose. Generally a newer feature will have been created that solves the same problem - in cases where no newer alternative feature exists, justification should be provided. Depth/Stencil Attachment:: A subpass attachment point, or image view, that is the target of depth and/or stencil test operations and writes. Depth/Stencil Format:: A elink:VkFormat that includes depth and/or stencil components. Depth/Stencil Image (or ImageView):: A slink:VkImage (or slink:VkImageView) with a depth/stencil format. Derivative Group:: A set of fragment ifdef::VK_NV_compute_shader_derivatives[] or compute endif::VK_NV_compute_shader_derivatives[] shader invocations that cooperate to compute derivatives, including implicit derivatives for sampled image operations. Descriptor:: Information about a resource or resource view written into a descriptor set that is used to access the resource or view from a shader. Descriptor Binding:: An entry in a descriptor set layout corresponding to zero or more descriptors of a single descriptor type in a set. Defined by a slink:VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding structure. Descriptor Pool:: An object that descriptor sets are allocated from, and that owns the storage of those descriptor sets. Descriptor pools aid multithreaded performance by enabling different threads to use different allocators, without internal synchronization on each use. Represented by a slink:VkDescriptorPool object. Descriptor Set:: An object that resource descriptors are written into via the API, and that can: be bound to a command buffer such that the descriptors contained within it can: be accessed from shaders. Represented by a slink:VkDescriptorSet object. Descriptor Set Layout:: An object that defines the set of resources (types and counts) and their relative arrangement (in the binding namespace) within a descriptor set. Used when allocating descriptor sets and when creating pipeline layouts. Represented by a slink:VkDescriptorSetLayout object. Device:: The processor(s) and execution environment that perform tasks requested by the application via the Vulkan API. ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_device_group_creation[] Device Group:: A set of physical devices that support accessing each other's memory and recording a single command buffer that can: be executed on all the physical devices. Device Index:: A zero-based integer that identifies one physical device from a logical device. A device index is valid if it is less than the number of physical devices in the logical device. Device Mask:: A bitmask where each bit represents one device index. A device mask value is valid if every bit that is set in the mask is at a bit position that is less than the number of physical devices in the logical device. endif::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_device_group_creation[] Device Memory:: Memory accessible to the device. Represented by a slink:VkDeviceMemory object. Device-Level Command:: Any command that is dispatched from a logical device, or from a child object of a logical device. Device-Level Functionality:: All device-level commands and objects, and their structures, enumerated types, and enumerants. Device-Level Object:: Logical device objects and their child objects. For example, slink:VkDevice, slink:VkQueue, and slink:VkCommandBuffer objects are device-level objects. Device-Local Memory:: Memory that is connected to the device, and may: be more performant for device access than host-local memory. Direct Drawing Commands:: _Drawing commands_ that take all their parameters as direct arguments to the command (and not sourced via structures in buffer memory as the _indirect drawing commands_). Includes ifdef::VK_NV_mesh_shader[] flink:vkCmdDrawMeshTasksNV, endif::VK_NV_mesh_shader[] flink:vkCmdDraw, and flink:vkCmdDrawIndexed. ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion[] Disjoint:: _Disjoint planes_ are _image planes_ to which memory is bound independently. + A _disjoint image_ consists of multiple _disjoint planes_, and is created with the ename:VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT bit set. endif::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion[] Dispatchable Handle:: A handle of a pointer handle type which may: be used by layers as part of intercepting API commands. The first argument to each Vulkan command is a dispatchable handle type. Dispatching Commands:: Commands that provoke work using a compute pipeline. Includes flink:vkCmdDispatch and flink:vkCmdDispatchIndirect. Drawing Commands:: Commands that provoke work using a graphics pipeline. Includes flink:vkCmdDraw, flink:vkCmdDrawIndexed, ifdef::VK_KHR_draw_indirect_count[] flink:vkCmdDrawIndirectCountKHR, flink:vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCountKHR, endif::VK_KHR_draw_indirect_count[] ifdef::VK_AMD_draw_indirect_count[] flink:vkCmdDrawIndirectCountAMD, flink:vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCountAMD, endif::VK_AMD_draw_indirect_count[] ifdef::VK_NV_mesh_shader[] flink:vkCmdDrawMeshTasksNV, flink:vkCmdDrawMeshTasksIndirectNV, flink:vkCmdDrawMeshTasksIndirectCountNV, endif::VK_NV_mesh_shader[] flink:vkCmdDrawIndirect, and flink:vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect. Duration (Command):: The _duration_ of a Vulkan command refers to the interval between calling the command and its return to the caller. Dynamic Storage Buffer:: A storage buffer whose offset is specified each time the storage buffer is bound to a command buffer via a descriptor set. Dynamic Uniform Buffer:: A uniform buffer whose offset is specified each time the uniform buffer is bound to a command buffer via a descriptor set. Dynamically Uniform:: See _Dynamically Uniform_ in section 2.2 "`Terms`" of the <>. Element Size:: The size (in bytes) used to store one element of an uncompressed format or the size (in bytes) used to store one block of a block-compressed format. Explicitly-Enabled Layer:: A layer enabled by the application by adding it to the enabled layer list in flink:vkCreateInstance or flink:vkCreateDevice. Event:: A synchronization primitive that is signaled when execution of previous commands complete through a specified set of pipeline stages. Events can be waited on by the device and polled by the host. Represented by a slink:VkEvent object. Executable State (Command Buffer):: A command buffer that has ended recording commands and can: be executed. See also Initial State and Recording State. Execution Dependency:: A dependency that guarantees that certain pipeline stages`' work for a first set of commands has completed execution before certain pipeline stages`' work for a second set of commands begins execution. This is accomplished via pipeline barriers, subpass dependencies, events, or implicit ordering operations. Execution Dependency Chain:: A sequence of execution dependencies that transitively act as a single execution dependency. ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion[] Explicit chroma reconstruction:: An implementation of sampler Y'C~B~C~R~ conversion which reconstructs reduced-resolution chroma samples to luma resolution and then separately performs texture sample interpolation. This is distinct from an implicit implementation, which incorporates chroma sample reconstruction into texture sample interpolation. endif::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion[] Extension Scope:: The set of objects and commands that can: be affected by an extension. Extensions are either device scope or instance scope. ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_external_memory_capabilities,VK_KHR_external_semaphore_capabilities,VK_KHR_external_fence_capabilities[] External Handle:: A resource handle which has meaning outside of a specific Vulkan device or its parent instance. External handles may: be used to share resources between multiple Vulkan devices in different instances, or between Vulkan and other APIs. Some external handle types correspond to platform-defined handles, in which case the resource may: outlive any particular Vulkan device or instance and may: be transferred between processes, or otherwise manipulated via functionality defined by the platform for that handle type. endif::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_external_memory_capabilities,VK_KHR_external_semaphore_capabilities,VK_KHR_external_fence_capabilities[] External synchronization:: A type of synchronization required: of the application, where parameters defined to be externally synchronized must: not be used simultaneously in multiple threads. Facingness (Polygon):: A classification of a polygon as either front-facing or back-facing, depending on the orientation (winding order) of its vertices. Facingness (Fragment):: A fragment is either front-facing or back-facing, depending on the primitive it was generated from. If the primitive was a polygon (regardless of polygon mode), the fragment inherits the facingness of the polygon. All other fragments are front-facing. Fence:: A synchronization primitive that is signaled when a set of batches or sparse binding operations complete execution on a queue. Fences can: be waited on by the host. Represented by a slink:VkFence object. Flat Shading:: A property of a vertex attribute that causes the value from a single vertex (the provoking vertex) to be used for all vertices in a primitive, and for interpolation of that attribute to return that single value unaltered. Fragment:: A rectangular framebuffer region with associated data produced by <> and processed by <> including the fragment shader. [[glossary-fragment-area]] Fragment Area:: The width and height, in pixels, of a fragment. Fragment Input Attachment Interface:: Variables with code:UniformConstant storage class and a decoration of code:InputAttachmentIndex that are statically used by a fragment shader's entry point, which receive values from input attachments. ifdef::VK_AMD_shader_fragment_mask[] Fragment Mask:: A lookup table that associates color samples with color fragment values. endif::VK_AMD_shader_fragment_mask[] Fragment Output Interface:: A fragment shader entry point's variables with code:Output storage class, which output to color and/or depth/stencil attachments. Framebuffer:: A collection of image views and a set of dimensions that, in conjunction with a render pass, define the inputs and outputs used by drawing commands. Represented by a slink:VkFramebuffer object. Framebuffer Attachment:: One of the image views used in a framebuffer. Framebuffer Coordinates:: A coordinate system in which adjacent pixels`' coordinates differ by 1 in x and/or y, with [eq]#(0,0)# in the upper left corner and pixel centers at half-integers. Framebuffer-Space:: Operating with respect to framebuffer coordinates. Framebuffer-Local:: A framebuffer-local dependency guarantees that only for a single framebuffer region, the first set of operations happens-before the second set of operations. Framebuffer-Global:: A framebuffer-global dependency guarantees that for all framebuffer regions, the first set of operations happens-before the second set of operations. Framebuffer Region:: A framebuffer region is a set of sample (x, y, layer, sample) coordinates that is a subset of the entire framebuffer. Front-Facing:: See Facingness. Global Workgroup:: A collection of local workgroups dispatched by a single dispatch command. ifdef::VK_NV_mesh_shader[] In addition to the compute dispatch, a single mesh task draw command can also generate such a collection. endif::VK_NV_mesh_shader[] Handle:: An opaque integer or pointer value used to refer to a Vulkan object. Each object type has a unique handle type. Happen-after:: A transitive, irreflexive and antisymmetric ordering relation between operations. An execution dependency with a source of *A* and a destination of *B* enforces that *B* happens-after *A*. The inverse relation of happens-before. Happen-before:: A transitive, irreflexive and antisymmetric ordering relation between operations. An execution dependency with a source of *A* and a destination of *B* enforces that *A* happens-before *B*. The inverse relation of happens-after. Helper Invocation:: A fragment shader invocation that is created solely for the purposes of evaluating derivatives for use in non-helper fragment shader invocations, and which does not have side effects. Host:: The processor(s) and execution environment that the application runs on, and that the Vulkan API is exposed on. Host Mapped Device Memory:: Device memory that is mapped for host access using flink:vkMapMemory. ifdef::VK_EXT_external_memory_host[] Host Mapped Foreign Memory:: Memory owned by a foreign device that is mapped for host access. endif::VK_EXT_external_memory_host[] Host Memory:: Memory not accessible to the device, used to store implementation data structures. Host-Accessible Subresource:: A buffer, or a linear image subresource in either the ename:VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_PREINITIALIZED or ename:VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_GENERAL layout. Host-accessible subresources have a well-defined addressing scheme which can be used by the host. Host-Local Memory:: Memory that is not local to the device, and may: be less performant for device access than device-local memory. Host-Visible Memory:: Device memory that can: be mapped on the host and can: be read and written by the host. Identically Defined Objects:: Objects of the same type where all arguments to their creation or allocation functions, with the exception of pname:pAllocator, are + . Vulkan handles which refer to the same object or . identical scalar or enumeration values or . Host pointers which point to an array of values or structures which also satisfy these three constraints. Image:: A resource that represents a multi-dimensional formatted interpretation of device memory. Represented by a slink:VkImage object. Image Subresource:: A specific mipmap level and layer of an image. Image Subresource Range:: A set of image subresources that are contiguous mipmap levels and layers. Image View:: An object that represents an image subresource range of a specific image, and state that controls how the contents are interpreted. Represented by a slink:VkImageView object. Immutable Sampler:: A sampler descriptor provided at descriptor set layout creation time, and that is used for that binding in all descriptor sets allocated from the layout, and cannot be changed. ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion[] Implicit chroma reconstruction:: An implementation of sampler Y'C~B~C~R~ conversion which reconstructs the reduced-resolution chroma samples directly at the sample point, as part of the normal texture sampling operation. This is distinct from an _explicit chroma reconstruction_ implementation, which reconstructs the reduced-resolution chroma samples to the resolution of the luma samples, then filters the result as part of texture sample interpolation. endif::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion[] Implicitly-Enabled Layer:: A layer enabled by a loader-defined mechanism outside the Vulkan API, rather than explicitly by the application during instance or device creation. Index Buffer:: A buffer bound via flink:vkCmdBindIndexBuffer which is the source of index values used to fetch vertex attributes for a flink:vkCmdDrawIndexed or flink:vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect command. Indexed Drawing Commands:: _Drawing commands_ which use an _index buffer_ as the source of index values used to fetch vertex attributes for a drawing command. Includes flink:vkCmdDrawIndexed, ifdef::VK_KHR_draw_indirect_count[] flink:vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCountKHR, endif::VK_KHR_draw_indirect_count[] ifdef::VK_AMD_draw_indirect_count[] flink:vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCountAMD, endif::VK_AMD_draw_indirect_count[] and flink:vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect. Indirect Commands:: Drawing or dispatching commands that source some of their parameters from structures in buffer memory. Includes flink:vkCmdDrawIndirect, flink:vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect, ifdef::VK_KHR_draw_indirect_count[] flink:vkCmdDrawIndirectCountKHR, flink:vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCountKHR, endif::VK_KHR_draw_indirect_count[] ifdef::VK_AMD_draw_indirect_count[] flink:vkCmdDrawIndirectCountAMD, flink:vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCountAMD, endif::VK_AMD_draw_indirect_count[] ifdef::VK_NV_mesh_shader[] flink:vkCmdDrawMeshTasksIndirectNV, flink:vkCmdDrawMeshTasksIndirectCountNV, endif::VK_NV_mesh_shader[] and flink:vkCmdDispatchIndirect. ifdef::VK_NVX_device_generated_commands[] Indirect Commands Layout:: A definition of a sequence of commands, that are generated on the device via flink:vkCmdProcessCommandsNVX. Each sequence is comprised of multiple elink:VkIndirectCommandsTokenTypeNVX, which represent a subset of traditional command buffer commands. Represented as slink:VkIndirectCommandsLayoutNVX. endif::VK_NVX_device_generated_commands[] Indirect Drawing Commands:: _Drawing commands_ that source some of their parameters from structures in buffer memory. Includes flink:vkCmdDrawIndirect, ifdef::VK_KHR_draw_indirect_count[] flink:vkCmdDrawIndirectCountKHR, flink:vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCountKHR, endif::VK_KHR_draw_indirect_count[] ifdef::VK_AMD_draw_indirect_count[] flink:vkCmdDrawIndirectCountAMD, flink:vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirectCountAMD, endif::VK_AMD_draw_indirect_count[] ifdef::VK_NV_mesh_shader[] flink:vkCmdDrawMeshTasksIndirectNV, flink:vkCmdDrawMeshTasksIndirectCountNV, endif::VK_NV_mesh_shader[] and flink:vkCmdDrawIndexedIndirect. Initial State (Command Buffer):: A command buffer that has not begun recording commands. See also Recorded State and Executable State. ifdef::VK_EXT_inline_uniform_block[] Inline Uniform Block:: A descriptor type that represents uniform data stored directly in descriptor sets, and supports read-only access in a shader. endif::VK_EXT_inline_uniform_block[] Input Attachment:: A descriptor type that represents an image view, and supports unfiltered read-only access in a shader, only at the fragment's location in the view. Instance:: The top-level Vulkan object, which represents the application's connection to the implementation. Represented by a slink:VkInstance object. Instance-Level Command:: Any command that is dispatched from an instance, or from a child object of an instance, except for physical devices and their children. Instance-Level Functionality:: All instance-level commands and objects, and their structures, enumerated types, and enumerants. Instance-Level Object:: High-level Vulkan objects, which are not physical devices, nor children of physical devices. For example, slink:VkInstance is an instance-level object. ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_device_group[] Instance (Memory):: In a logical device representing more than one physical device, some device memory allocations have the requested amount of memory allocated multiple times, once for each physical device in a device mask. Each such replicated allocation is an instance of the device memory. Instance (Resource):: In a logical device representing more than one physical device, buffer and image resources exist on all physical devices but can: be bound to memory differently on each. Each such replicated resource is an instance of the resource. endif::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_device_group[] Internal Synchronization:: A type of synchronization required: of the implementation, where parameters not defined to be externally synchronized may: require internal mutexing to avoid multithreaded race conditions. Invocation (Shader):: A single execution of an entry point in a SPIR-V module. For example, a single vertex's execution of a vertex shader or a single fragment's execution of a fragment shader. Invocation Group:: A set of shader invocations that are executed in parallel and that must: execute the same control flow path in order for control flow to be considered dynamically uniform. [[glossary-linear-resource]] Linear Resource:: A resource is _linear_ if it is one of the following: * a slink:VkBuffer * a slink:VkImage created with ename:VK_IMAGE_TILING_LINEAR ifdef::VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier[] * a slink:VkImage created with ename:VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT and whose <> is ename:DRM_FORMAT_MOD_LINEAR endif::VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier[] + A resource is _non-linear_ if it is one of the following: * a slink:VkImage created with ename:VK_IMAGE_TILING_OPTIMAL ifdef::VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier[] * a slink:VkImage created with ename:VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT and whose <> is not ename:DRM_FORMAT_MOD_LINEAR endif::VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier[] ifdef::VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier[] [[glossary-drm-format-modifier,Linux DRM format modifier]] Linux DRM Format Modifier:: A 64-bit, vendor-prefixed, semi-opaque unsigned integer that describes vendor-specific details of an image's memory layout. In Linux graphics APIs, _modifiers_ are commonly used to specify the memory layout of externally shared images. An image has a _modifier_ if and only if it is created with pname:tiling equal to ename:VK_IMAGE_TILING_DRM_FORMAT_MODIFIER_EXT. For more details, refer to the appendix for extension <>. endif::VK_EXT_image_drm_format_modifier[] Local Workgroup:: A collection of compute shader invocations invoked by a single dispatch command, which share data via code:WorkgroupLocal variables and can synchronize with each other. Logical Device:: An object that represents the application's interface to the physical device. The logical device is the parent of most Vulkan objects. Represented by a slink:VkDevice object. Logical Operation:: Bitwise operations between a fragment color value and a value in a color attachment, that produce a final color value to be written to the attachment. Lost Device:: A state that a logical device may: be in as a result of unrecoverable implementation errors, or other exceptional conditions. Mappable:: See Host-Visible Memory. Memory Dependency:: A memory dependency is an execution dependency which includes availability and visibility operations such that: * The first set of operations happens-before the availability operation * The availability operation happens-before the visibility operation * The visibility operation happens-before the second set of operations Memory Domain:: A memory domain is an abstract place to which memory writes are made available by availability operations and memory domain operations. The memory domains correspond to the set of agents that the write can: then be made visible to. The memory domains are _host_, _device_, _shader_, _workgroup instance_ (for workgroup instance there is a unique domain for each compute workgroup) and _subgroup instance_ (for subgroup instance there is a unique domain for each subgroup). Memory Domain Operation:: An operation that makes the writes that are available to one memory domain available to another memory domain. Memory Heap:: A region of memory from which device memory allocations can: be made. Memory Type:: An index used to select a set of memory properties (e.g. mappable, cached) for a device memory allocation. ifdef::VK_NV_mesh_shader[] Mesh Shading Pipeline:: A graphics pipeline where the primitives are assembled explicitly in the shader stages. In contrast to the primitive shading pipeline where input primitives are assembled by fixed function processing. endif::VK_NV_mesh_shader[] ifdef::VK_NV_mesh_shader[] Mesh Tasks Drawing Commands:: _Drawing commands_ which create shader invocations organized in workgroups for drawing mesh tasks. Includes flink:vkCmdDrawMeshTasksNV, flink:vkCmdDrawMeshTasksIndirectNV, and flink:vkCmdDrawMeshTasksIndirectCountNV. endif::VK_NV_mesh_shader[] Minimum Miplevel Size:: The smallest size that is permitted for a miplevel. For conventional images this is 1x1x1. ifdef::VK_NV_corner_sampled_image[] For corner-sampled images, this is 2x2x2. endif::VK_NV_corner_sampled_image[] See <>. Mip Tail Region:: The set of mipmap levels of a sparse residency texture that are too small to fill a sparse block, and that must: all be bound to memory collectively and opaquely. ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion[] Multi-planar:: A _multi-planar format_ (or "`planar format`") is an image format consisting of more than one _plane_, identifiable with a etext:_2PLANE or etext:_3PLANE component to the format name and listed in <>. A _multi-planar image_ (or "`planar image`") is an image of a multi-planar format. endif::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion[] Non-Dispatchable Handle:: A handle of an integer handle type. Handle values may: not be unique, even for two objects of the same type. Non-Indexed Drawing Commands:: _Drawing commands_ for which the vertex attributes are sourced in linear order from the vertex input attributes for a drawing command (i.e. they do not use an _index buffer_). Includes flink:vkCmdDraw, ifdef::VK_KHR_draw_indirect_count[] flink:vkCmdDrawIndirectCountKHR, endif::VK_KHR_draw_indirect_count[] ifdef::VK_AMD_draw_indirect_count[] flink:vkCmdDrawIndirectCountAMD, endif::VK_AMD_draw_indirect_count[] and flink:vkCmdDrawIndirect. Normalized:: A value that is interpreted as being in the range [eq]#[0,1]# as a result of being implicitly divided by some other value. Normalized Device Coordinates:: A coordinate space after perspective division is applied to clip coordinates, and before the viewport transformation converts to framebuffer coordinates. ifdef::VK_NVX_device_generated_commands[] Object Table:: A binding table for various resources (slink:VkPipeline, slink:VkBuffer, slink:VkDescriptorSet), so that they can be referenced in device-generated command processing. Represented as slink:VkObjectTableNVX. Entries are registered or unregistered via code:uint32_t indices. endif::VK_NVX_device_generated_commands[] Obsoleted:: A feature is obsolete if it can no longer be used. For core features, making one obsolete would be in violation of the <>, so must not be done. However extensions do not have these guarantees, and can be made obsolete by a newer core version or extension. Overlapped Range (Aliased Range):: The aliased range of a device memory allocation that intersects a given image subresource of an image or range of a buffer. Ownership (Resource):: If an entity (e.g. a queue family) has ownership of a resource, access to that resource is well-defined for access by that entity. Packed Format:: A format whose components are stored as a single data element in memory, with their relative locations defined within that element. ifdef::VK_NV_geometry_shader_passthrough[] Passthrough Geometry Shader:: A geometry shader which uses the code:PassthroughNV decoration on a variable in its input interface. Output primitives in a passthrough geometry shader always have the same topology as the input primitive and are not produced by emitting vertices. endif::VK_NV_geometry_shader_passthrough[] ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_external_semaphore,VK_KHR_external_fence[] Payload:: Importable or exportable reference to the internal data of an object in Vulkan. endif::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_external_semaphore,VK_KHR_external_fence[] ifdef::VK_NV_mesh_shader[] Per-View:: A variable that has an array of values which are output, one for each view that is being generated. A mesh shader which uses the code:PerViewNV decoration on a variable in its output interface. endif::VK_NV_mesh_shader[] ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_device_group[] Peer Memory:: An instance of memory corresponding to a different physical device than the physical device performing the memory access, in a logical device that represents multiple physical devices. endif::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_device_group[] Physical Device:: An object that represents a single device in the system. Represented by a slink:VkPhysicalDevice object. Physical-Device-Level Command:: Any command that is dispatched from a physical device. Physical-Device-Level Functionality:: All physical-device-level commands and objects, and their structures, enumerated types, and enumerants. Physical-Device-Level Object:: Physical device objects. For example, slink:VkPhysicalDevice is a physical-device-level object. Pipeline:: An object that controls how graphics or compute work is executed on the device. A pipeline includes one or more shaders, as well as state controlling any non-programmable stages of the pipeline. Represented by a slink:VkPipeline object. Pipeline Barrier:: An execution and/or memory dependency recorded as an explicit command in a command buffer, that forms a dependency between the previous and subsequent commands. Pipeline Cache:: An object that can: be used to collect and retrieve information from pipelines as they are created, and can: be populated with previously retrieved information in order to accelerate pipeline creation. Represented by a slink:VkPipelineCache object. Pipeline Layout:: An object that defines the set of resources (via a collection of descriptor set layouts) and push constants used by pipelines that are created using the layout. Used when creating a pipeline and when binding descriptor sets and setting push constant values. Represented by a slink:VkPipelineLayout object. Pipeline Stage:: A logically independent execution unit that performs some of the operations defined by an action command. pname:pNext Chain:: A set of structures <> through their ptext:pNext members. ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion[] Planar:: See _multi-planar_. Plane:: An _image plane_ is part of the representation of an image, containing a subset of the color channels required to represent the texels in the image and with a contiguous mapping of coordinates to bound memory. Most images consist only of a single plane, but some formats spread the channels across multiple image planes. The host-accessible properties of each image plane are accessed in a linear layout using flink:vkGetImageSubresourceLayout. If a multi-planar image is created with the ename:VK_IMAGE_CREATE_DISJOINT_BIT bit set, the image is described as _disjoint_, and its planes are therefore are bound to memory independently. endif::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion[] Point Sampling (Rasterization):: A rule that determines whether a fragment sample location is covered by a polygon primitive by testing whether the sample location is in the interior of the polygon in framebuffer-space, or on the boundary of the polygon according to the tie-breaking rules. ifdef::VK_KHR_swapchain[] Presentable image:: A sname:VkImage object obtained from a sname:VkSwapchainKHR used to present to a sname:VkSurfaceKHR object. endif::VK_KHR_swapchain[] Preserve Attachment:: One of a list of attachments in a subpass description that is not read or written by the subpass, but that is read or written on earlier and later subpasses and whose contents must: be preserved through this subpass. Primary Command Buffer:: A command buffer that can: execute secondary command buffers, and can: be submitted directly to a queue. ifdef::VK_NV_mesh_shader[] Primitive Shading Pipeline:: A graphics pipeline where input primitives are assembled by fixed function processing. It is the counterpart to mesh shading. endif::VK_NV_mesh_shader[] Primitive Topology:: State that controls how vertices are assembled into primitives, e.g. as lists of triangles, strips of lines, etc.. Promoted:: A feature is promoted if it is taken from an older extension and made available as part of a new <>, or a newer extension that is considered to be either as widely supported or more so. A promoted feature may have minor differences from the original such as: * It may be renamed * A small number of non-intrusive parameters may have been added * The feature may be advertised differently by <> * The author ID suffixes will be changed or removed as appropriate ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1[] Protected Buffer:: A buffer to which protected device memory can: be bound. Protected-capable Device Queue:: A device queue to which protected command buffers can: be submitted. Protected Command Buffer:: A command buffer which can: be submitted to a protected-capable device queue. Protected Device Memory:: Device memory which can: be visible to the device but must: not be visible to the host. Protected Image:: An image to which protected device memory can: be bound. endif::VK_VERSION_1_1[] Provisional:: A feature is released provisionally in order to get wider feedback on the functionality before it is finalized. Provisional features may change in ways that break backwards compatibility, and thus are not recommended for use in production applications. Provoking Vertex:: The vertex in a primitive from which flat shaded attribute values are taken. This is generally the "`first`" vertex in the primitive, and depends on the primitive topology. Push Constants:: A small bank of values writable via the API and accessible in shaders. Push constants allow the application to set values used in shaders without creating buffers or modifying and binding descriptor sets for each update. Push Constant Interface:: The set of variables with code:PushConstant storage class that are statically used by a shader entry point, and which receive values from push constant commands. ifdef::VK_KHR_push_descriptor[] Push Descriptors:: Descriptors that are written directly into a command buffer rather than into a descriptor set. Push descriptors allow the application to set descriptors used in shaders without allocating or modifying descriptor sets for each update. endif::VK_KHR_push_descriptor[] ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_descriptor_update_template[] Descriptor Update Template:: An object that specifies a mapping from descriptor update information in host memory to elements in a descriptor set, which helps enable more efficient descriptor set updates. endif::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_descriptor_update_template[] Query Pool:: An object that contains a number of query entries and their associated state and results. Represented by a slink:VkQueryPool object. Queue:: An object that executes command buffers and sparse binding operations on a device. Represented by a slink:VkQueue object. Queue Family:: A set of queues that have common properties and support the same functionality, as advertised in slink:VkQueueFamilyProperties. Queue Operation:: A unit of work to be executed by a specific queue on a device, submitted via a <>. Each queue submission command details the specific queue operations that occur as a result of calling that command. Queue operations typically include work that is specific to each command, and synchronization tasks. Queue Submission:: Zero or more batches and an optional fence to be signaled, passed to a command for execution on a queue. See the <> for more information. Recording State (Command Buffer):: A command buffer that is ready to record commands. See also Initial State and Executable State. Release Operation (Resource):: An operation that releases ownership of an image subresource or buffer range. Render Pass:: An object that represents a set of framebuffer attachments and phases of rendering using those attachments. Represented by a slink:VkRenderPass object. Render Pass Instance:: A use of a render pass in a command buffer. Required Extensions:: Extensions that must: be enabled alongside extensions dependent on them (see <>). Reset (Command Buffer):: Resetting a command buffer discards any previously recorded commands and puts a command buffer in the initial state. Residency Code:: An integer value returned by sparse image instructions, indicating whether any sparse unbound texels were accessed. Resolve Attachment:: A subpass attachment point, or image view, that is the target of a multisample resolve operation from the corresponding color attachment at the end of the subpass. ifdef::VK_KHR_swapchain[] Retired Swapchain:: A swapchain that has been used as the pname:oldSwapchain parameter to flink:vkCreateSwapchainKHR. Images cannot be acquired from a retired swapchain, however images that were acquired (but not presented) before the swapchain was retired can: be presented. endif::VK_KHR_swapchain[] Sample Shading:: Invoking the fragment shader multiple times per fragment, with the covered samples partitioned among the invocations. Sampled Image:: A descriptor type that represents an image view, and supports filtered (sampled) and unfiltered read-only access in a shader. Sampler:: An object that contains state that controls how sampled image data is sampled (or filtered) when accessed in a shader. Also a descriptor type describing the object. Represented by a slink:VkSampler object. Secondary Command Buffer:: A command buffer that can: be executed by a primary command buffer, and must: not be submitted directly to a queue. Self-Dependency:: A subpass dependency from a subpass to itself, i.e. with pname:srcSubpass equal to pname:dstSubpass. A self-dependency is not automatically performed during a render pass instance, rather a subset of it can: be performed via flink:vkCmdPipelineBarrier during the subpass. Semaphore:: A synchronization primitive that supports signal and wait operations, and can: be used to synchronize operations within a queue or across queues. Represented by a slink:VkSemaphore object. Shader:: Instructions selected (via an entry point) from a shader module, which are executed in a shader stage. Shader Code:: A stream of instructions used to describe the operation of a shader. Shader Module:: A collection of shader code, potentially including several functions and entry points, that is used to create shaders in pipelines. Represented by a slink:VkShaderModule object. Shader Stage:: A stage of the graphics or compute pipeline that executes shader code. ifdef::VK_NV_shading_rate_image[] [[glossary-shading-rate]] Shading Rate:: The ratio of the number of fragment shader invocations generated in a fully covered framebuffer region to the size (in pixels) of that region. [[glossary-shading-rate-image]] Shading Rate Image:: An image used to establish the shading rate for a framebuffer region, where each pixel controls the shading rate for a corresponding framebuffer region. endif::VK_NV_shading_rate_image[] ifdef::VK_KHR_shared_presentable_image[] Shared presentable image:: A presentable image created from a swapchain with elink:VkPresentModeKHR set to either ename:VK_PRESENT_MODE_SHARED_DEMAND_REFRESH_KHR or ename:VK_PRESENT_MODE_SHARED_CONTINUOUS_REFRESH_KHR. endif::VK_KHR_shared_presentable_image[] Side Effect:: A store to memory or atomic operation on memory from a shader invocation. ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion[] Single-plane format:: A format that is not _multi-planar_. endif::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_sampler_ycbcr_conversion[] Size-Compatible Image Formats:: When a compressed image format and an uncompressed image format are size-compatible, it means that the element size of the uncompressed format must: equal the element size (compressed texel block size) of the compressed format. Sparse Block:: An element of a sparse resource that can be independently bound to memory. Sparse blocks of a particular sparse resource have a corresponding size in bytes that they use in the bound memory. Sparse Image Block:: A sparse block in a sparse partially-resident image. In addition to the sparse block size in bytes, sparse image blocks have a corresponding width, height, and depth that define the dimensions of these elements in units of texels or compressed texel blocks, the latter being used in case of sparse images having a block-compressed format. Sparse Unbound Texel:: A texel read from a region of a sparse texture that does not have memory bound to it. Static Use:: An object in a shader is statically used by a shader entry point if any function in the entry point's call tree contains an instruction using the object. Static use is used to constrain the set of descriptors used by a shader entry point. Storage Buffer:: A descriptor type that represents a buffer, and supports reads, writes, and atomics in a shader. Storage Image:: A descriptor type that represents an image view, and supports unfiltered loads, stores, and atomics in a shader. Storage Texel Buffer:: A descriptor type that represents a buffer view, and supports unfiltered, formatted reads, writes, and atomics in a shader. ifdef::VK_EXT_shader_subgroup_vote,VK_VERSION_1_1[] Subgroup:: A set of shader invocations that can: synchronize and share data with each other efficiently. In compute shaders, the _local workgroup_ is a superset of the subgroup. endif::VK_EXT_shader_subgroup_vote,VK_VERSION_1_1[] ifdef::VK_EXT_shader_subgroup_ballot,VK_VERSION_1_1[] Subgroup Mask:: A bitmask for all invocations in the current subgroup with one bit per invocation, starting with the least significant bit in the first vector component, continuing to the last bit (less than code:SubgroupSize) in the last required vector component. endif::VK_EXT_shader_subgroup_ballot,VK_VERSION_1_1[] Subpass:: A phase of rendering within a render pass, that reads and writes a subset of the attachments. Subpass Dependency:: An execution and/or memory dependency between two subpasses described as part of render pass creation, and automatically performed between subpasses in a render pass instance. A subpass dependency limits the overlap of execution of the pair of subpasses, and can: provide guarantees of memory coherence between accesses in the subpasses. Subpass Description:: Lists of attachment indices for input attachments, color attachments, depth/stencil attachment, resolve attachments, and preserve attachments used by the subpass in a render pass. Subset (Self-Dependency):: A subset of a self-dependency is a pipeline barrier performed during the subpass of the self-dependency, and whose stage masks and access masks each contain a subset of the bits set in the identically named mask in the self-dependency. Texel Coordinate System:: One of three coordinate systems (normalized, unnormalized, integer) that define how texel coordinates are interpreted in an image or a specific mipmap level of an image. Uniform Texel Buffer:: A descriptor type that represents a buffer view, and supports unfiltered, formatted, read-only access in a shader. Uniform Buffer:: A descriptor type that represents a buffer, and supports read-only access in a shader. Units in the Last Place (ULP):: A measure of floating-point error loosely defined as the smallest representable step in a floating-point format near a given value. For the precise definition see <> or Jean-Michel Muller, "`On the definition of ulp(x)`", RR-5504, INRIA. Other sources may also use the term "`unit of least precision`". Unnormalized:: A value that is interpreted according to its conventional interpretation, and is not normalized. ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1[] Unprotected Buffer:: A buffer to which unprotected device memory can: be bound. Unprotected Command Buffer:: A command buffer which can: be submitted to an unprotected device queue or a protected-capable device queue. Unprotected Device Memory:: Device memory which can: be visible to the device and can: be visible to the host. Unprotected Image:: An image to which unprotected device memory can: be bound. endif::VK_VERSION_1_1[] User-Defined Variable Interface:: A shader entry point's variables with code:Input or code:Output storage class that are not built-in variables. Vertex Input Attribute:: A graphics pipeline resource that produces input values for the vertex shader by reading data from a vertex input binding and converting it to the attribute's format. ifdef::VK_EXT_transform_feedback[] Vertex Stream:: A vertex stream is where the last vertex processing stage outputs vertex data, which then goes to the rasterizer, is captured to a transform feedback buffer, or both. Geometry shaders can: emit primitives to multiple independent vertex streams. Each vertex emitted by the geometry shader is directed at one of the vertex streams. endif::VK_EXT_transform_feedback[] ifdef::VK_EXT_validation_cache[] Validation Cache:: An object that can: be used to collect and retrieve validation results from the validation layers, and can: be populated with previously retrieved results in order to accelerate the validation process. Represented by a slink:VkValidationCacheEXT object. endif::VK_EXT_validation_cache[] Vertex Input Binding:: A graphics pipeline resource that is bound to a buffer and includes state that affects addressing calculations within that buffer. Vertex Input Interface:: A vertex shader entry point's variables with code:Input storage class, which receive values from vertex input attributes. Vertex Processing Stages:: A set of shader stages that comprises the vertex shader, tessellation control shader, tessellation evaluation shader, and geometry shader stages. ifdef::VK_NV_mesh_shader[] The task and mesh shader stages also belong to this group. endif::VK_NV_mesh_shader[] ifdef::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_multiview[] View Mask:: When multiview is enabled, a view mask is a property of a subpass controlling which views the rendering commands are broadcast to. endif::VK_VERSION_1_1,VK_KHR_multiview[] View Volume:: A subspace in homogeneous coordinates, corresponding to post-projection x and y values between -1 and +1, and z values between 0 and +1. Viewport Transformation:: A transformation from normalized device coordinates to framebuffer coordinates, based on a viewport rectangle and depth range. Visibility Operation:: An operation that causes available values to become visible to specified memory accesses. Visible:: A state of values written to memory that allows them to be accessed by a set of operations. // To be added per issue 18: // Current State <> // Barycentric Coordinates <> // Internal Allocations <> // Unavailable, Available <> - NB: this clashes with available/visible in terms of memory // Signaled, Unsignaled <> <> // Interior Vertices <> // Inner Vertices <> <> // Isolines <> // Binding Range <> [glossary] = Common Abbreviations Abbreviations and acronyms are sometimes used in the Specification and the API where they are considered clear and commonplace, and are defined here: Src:: Source Dst:: Destination Min:: Minimum Max:: Maximum Rect:: Rectangle Info:: Information LOD:: Level of Detail ID:: Identifier UUID:: Universally Unique Identifier Op:: Operation R:: Red color component G:: Green color component B:: Blue color component A:: Alpha color component [glossary] = Prefixes Prefixes are used in the API to denote specific semantic meaning of Vulkan names, or as a label to avoid name clashes, and are explained here: VK/Vk/vk:: Vulkan namespace + All types, commands, enumerants and defines in this specification are prefixed with these two characters. PFN/pfn:: Function Pointer + Denotes that a type is a function pointer, or that a variable is of a pointer type. p:: Pointer + Variable is a pointer. vkCmd:: Commands that record commands in command buffers + These API commands do not result in immediate processing on the device. Instead, they record the requested action in a command buffer for execution when the command buffer is submitted to a queue. s:: Structure + Used to denote the etext:VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE* member of each structure in pname:sType