PyGithub/github/MainClass.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

############################ Copyrights and license ############################
#                                                                              #
# Copyright 2013 AKFish <akfish@gmail.com>                                     #
# Copyright 2013 Ed Jackson <ed.jackson@gmail.com>                             #
# Copyright 2013 Jonathan J Hunt <hunt@braincorporation.com>                   #
# Copyright 2013 Peter Golm <golm.peter@gmail.com>                             #
# Copyright 2013 Steve Brown <steve@evolvedlight.co.uk>                        #
# Copyright 2013 Vincent Jacques <vincent@vincent-jacques.net>                 #
# Copyright 2014 C. R. Oldham <cro@ncbt.org>                                   #
# Copyright 2014 Thialfihar <thi@thialfihar.org>                               #
# Copyright 2014 Tyler Treat <ttreat31@gmail.com>                              #
# Copyright 2014 Vincent Jacques <vincent@vincent-jacques.net>                 #
# Copyright 2015 Daniel Pocock <daniel@pocock.pro>                             #
# Copyright 2015 Joseph Rawson <joseph.rawson.works@littledebian.org>          #
# Copyright 2015 Uriel Corfa <uriel@corfa.fr>                                  #
# Copyright 2015 edhollandAL <eholland@alertlogic.com>                         #
# Copyright 2016 Jannis Gebauer <ja.geb@me.com>                                #
# Copyright 2016 Peter Buckley <dx-pbuckley@users.noreply.github.com>          #
# Copyright 2017 Colin Hoglund <colinhoglund@users.noreply.github.com>         #
# Copyright 2017 Jannis Gebauer <ja.geb@me.com>                                #
# Copyright 2018 Agor Maxime <maxime.agor23@gmail.com>                         #
# Copyright 2018 Joshua Hoblitt <josh@hoblitt.com>                             #
# Copyright 2018 Maarten Fonville <mfonville@users.noreply.github.com>         #
# Copyright 2018 Mike Miller <github@mikeage.net>                              #
# Copyright 2018 Svend Sorensen <svend@svends.net>                             #
# Copyright 2018 Wan Liuyang <tsfdye@gmail.com>                                #
# Copyright 2018 sfdye <tsfdye@gmail.com>                                      #
# Copyright 2018 itsbruce <it.is.bruce@gmail.com>                              #
# Copyright 2019 Tomas Tomecek <tomas@tomecek.net>                             #
#                                                                              #
# This file is part of PyGithub.                                               #
# http://pygithub.readthedocs.io/                                              #
#                                                                              #
# PyGithub is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under    #
# the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by the Free  #
# Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or (at your option)    #
# any later version.                                                           #
#                                                                              #
# PyGithub is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY  #
# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS    #
# FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU Lesser General Public License for more #
# details.                                                                     #
#                                                                              #
# You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public License     #
# along with PyGithub. If not, see <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.             #
#                                                                              #
################################################################################

from __future__ import absolute_import

import datetime
import pickle
import time

import github.Gist
import github.GithubObject
import github.License
import github.NamedUser
import github.PaginatedList
import github.Topic
import jwt
import requests
import six
import urllib3

from . import (
    AuthenticatedUser,
    Consts,
    GithubException,
    GitignoreTemplate,
    HookDescription,
    Installation,
    InstallationAuthorization,
    RateLimit,
    Repository,
)
from .Requester import Requester

DEFAULT_BASE_URL = "https://api.github.com"
DEFAULT_STATUS_URL = "https://status.github.com"
# As of 2018-05-17, Github imposes a 10s limit for completion of API requests.
# Thus, the timeout should be slightly > 10s to account for network/front-end
# latency.
DEFAULT_TIMEOUT = 15
DEFAULT_PER_PAGE = 30


class Github(object):
    """
    This is the main class you instantiate to access the Github API v3. Optional parameters allow different authentication methods.
    """

    def __init__(
        self,
        login_or_token=None,
        password=None,
        jwt=None,
        base_url=DEFAULT_BASE_URL,
        timeout=DEFAULT_TIMEOUT,
        client_id=None,
        client_secret=None,
        user_agent="PyGithub/Python",
        per_page=DEFAULT_PER_PAGE,
        api_preview=False,
        verify=True,
        retry=None,
    ):
        """
        :param login_or_token: string
        :param password: string
        :param base_url: string
        :param timeout: integer
        :param client_id: string
        :param client_secret: string
        :param user_agent: string
        :param per_page: int
        :param verify: boolean or string
        :param retry: int or urllib3.util.retry.Retry object
        """

        assert login_or_token is None or isinstance(
            login_or_token, (str, six.text_type)
        ), login_or_token
        assert password is None or isinstance(password, (str, six.text_type)), password
        assert jwt is None or isinstance(jwt, (str, six.text_type)), jwt
        assert isinstance(base_url, (str, six.text_type)), base_url
        assert isinstance(timeout, six.integer_types), timeout
        assert client_id is None or isinstance(
            client_id, (str, six.text_type)
        ), client_id
        assert client_secret is None or isinstance(
            client_secret, (str, six.text_type)
        ), client_secret
        assert user_agent is None or isinstance(
            user_agent, (str, six.text_type)
        ), user_agent
        assert isinstance(api_preview, (bool))
        assert (
            retry is None
            or isinstance(retry, (int))
            or isinstance(retry, (urllib3.util.Retry))
        )
        self.__requester = Requester(
            login_or_token,
            password,
            jwt,
            base_url,
            timeout,
            client_id,
            client_secret,
            user_agent,
            per_page,
            api_preview,
            verify,
            retry,
        )

    def __get_FIX_REPO_GET_GIT_REF(self):
        """
        :type: bool
        """
        return self.__requester.FIX_REPO_GET_GIT_REF

    def __set_FIX_REPO_GET_GIT_REF(self, value):
        self.__requester.FIX_REPO_GET_GIT_REF = value

    FIX_REPO_GET_GIT_REF = property(
        __get_FIX_REPO_GET_GIT_REF, __set_FIX_REPO_GET_GIT_REF
    )

    def __get_per_page(self):
        """
        :type: int
        """
        return self.__requester.per_page

    def __set_per_page(self, value):
        self.__requester.per_page = value

    # v2: Remove this property? Why should it be necessary to read/modify it after construction
    per_page = property(__get_per_page, __set_per_page)

    # v2: Provide a unified way to access values of headers of last response
    # v2: (and add/keep ad hoc properties for specific useful headers like rate limiting, oauth scopes, etc.)
    # v2: Return an instance of a class: using a tuple did not allow to add a field "resettime"
    @property
    def rate_limiting(self):
        """
        First value is requests remaining, second value is request limit.

        :type: (int, int)
        """
        remaining, limit = self.__requester.rate_limiting
        if limit < 0:
            self.get_rate_limit()
        return self.__requester.rate_limiting

    @property
    def rate_limiting_resettime(self):
        """
        Unix timestamp indicating when rate limiting will reset.

        :type: int
        """
        if self.__requester.rate_limiting_resettime == 0:
            self.get_rate_limit()
        return self.__requester.rate_limiting_resettime

    def get_rate_limit(self):
        """
        Rate limit status for different resources (core/search/graphql).

        :calls: `GET /rate_limit <http://developer.github.com/v3/rate_limit>`_
        :rtype: :class:`github.RateLimit.RateLimit`
        """
        headers, data = self.__requester.requestJsonAndCheck("GET", "/rate_limit")
        return RateLimit.RateLimit(self.__requester, headers, data["resources"], True)

    @property
    def oauth_scopes(self):
        """
        :type: list of string
        """
        return self.__requester.oauth_scopes

    def get_license(self, key=github.GithubObject.NotSet):
        """
        :calls: `GET /license/:license <https://developer.github.com/v3/licenses/#get-an-individual-license>`_
        :param key: string
        :rtype: :class:`github.License.License`
        """

        assert isinstance(key, (str, six.text_type)), key
        headers, data = self.__requester.requestJsonAndCheck("GET", "/licenses/" + key)
        return github.License.License(self.__requester, headers, data, completed=True)

    def get_licenses(self):
        """
        :calls: `GET /licenses <https://developer.github.com/v3/licenses/#list-all-licenses>`_
        :rtype: :class:`github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList` of :class:`github.License.License`
        """

        url_parameters = dict()

        return github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList(
            github.License.License, self.__requester, "/licenses", url_parameters
        )

    def get_user(self, login=github.GithubObject.NotSet):
        """
        :calls: `GET /users/:user <http://developer.github.com/v3/users>`_ or `GET /user <http://developer.github.com/v3/users>`_
        :param login: string
        :rtype: :class:`github.NamedUser.NamedUser`
        """
        assert login is github.GithubObject.NotSet or isinstance(
            login, (str, six.text_type)
        ), login
        if login is github.GithubObject.NotSet:
            return AuthenticatedUser.AuthenticatedUser(
                self.__requester, {}, {"url": "/user"}, completed=False
            )
        else:
            headers, data = self.__requester.requestJsonAndCheck(
                "GET", "/users/" + login
            )
            return github.NamedUser.NamedUser(
                self.__requester, headers, data, completed=True
            )

    def get_users(self, since=github.GithubObject.NotSet):
        """
        :calls: `GET /users <http://developer.github.com/v3/users>`_
        :param since: integer
        :rtype: :class:`github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList` of :class:`github.NamedUser.NamedUser`
        """
        assert since is github.GithubObject.NotSet or isinstance(
            since, six.integer_types
        ), since
        url_parameters = dict()
        if since is not github.GithubObject.NotSet:
            url_parameters["since"] = since
        return github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList(
            github.NamedUser.NamedUser, self.__requester, "/users", url_parameters
        )

    def get_organization(self, login):
        """
        :calls: `GET /orgs/:org <http://developer.github.com/v3/orgs>`_
        :param login: string
        :rtype: :class:`github.Organization.Organization`
        """
        assert isinstance(login, (str, six.text_type)), login
        headers, data = self.__requester.requestJsonAndCheck("GET", "/orgs/" + login)
        return github.Organization.Organization(
            self.__requester, headers, data, completed=True
        )

    def get_organizations(self, since=github.GithubObject.NotSet):
        """
        :calls: `GET /organizations <http://developer.github.com/v3/orgs#list-all-organizations>`_
        :param since: integer
        :rtype: :class:`github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList` of :class:`github.Organization.Organization`
        """
        assert since is github.GithubObject.NotSet or isinstance(
            since, six.integer_types
        ), since
        url_parameters = dict()
        if since is not github.GithubObject.NotSet:
            url_parameters["since"] = since
        return github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList(
            github.Organization.Organization,
            self.__requester,
            "/organizations",
            url_parameters,
        )

    def get_repo(self, full_name_or_id, lazy=False):
        """
        :calls: `GET /repos/:owner/:repo <http://developer.github.com/v3/repos>`_ or `GET /repositories/:id <http://developer.github.com/v3/repos>`_
        :rtype: :class:`github.Repository.Repository`
        """
        assert isinstance(full_name_or_id, (str, six.text_type, int)), full_name_or_id
        url_base = "/repositories/" if isinstance(full_name_or_id, int) else "/repos/"
        url = "%s%s" % (url_base, full_name_or_id)
        if lazy:
            return Repository.Repository(
                self.__requester, {}, {"url": url}, completed=False
            )
        headers, data = self.__requester.requestJsonAndCheck(
            "GET", "%s%s" % (url_base, full_name_or_id)
        )
        return Repository.Repository(self.__requester, headers, data, completed=True)

    def get_repos(
        self, since=github.GithubObject.NotSet, visibility=github.GithubObject.NotSet
    ):
        """
        :calls: `GET /repositories <http://developer.github.com/v3/repos/#list-all-public-repositories>`_
        :param since: integer
        :param visibility: string ('all','public')
        :rtype: :class:`github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList` of :class:`github.Repository.Repository`
        """
        assert since is github.GithubObject.NotSet or isinstance(
            since, six.integer_types
        ), since
        url_parameters = dict()
        if since is not github.GithubObject.NotSet:
            url_parameters["since"] = since
        if visibility is not github.GithubObject.NotSet:
            assert visibility in ("public", "all"), visibility
            url_parameters["visibility"] = visibility
        return github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList(
            github.Repository.Repository,
            self.__requester,
            "/repositories",
            url_parameters,
        )

    def get_project(self, id):
        """
        :calls: `GET /projects/:project_id <https://developer.github.com/v3/projects/#get-a-project>`_
        :rtype: :class:`github.Project.Project`
        :param id: integer
        """
        headers, data = self.__requester.requestJsonAndCheck(
            "GET",
            "/projects/%d" % (id),
            headers={"Accept": Consts.mediaTypeProjectsPreview},
        )
        return github.Project.Project(self.__requester, headers, data, completed=True)

    def get_gist(self, id):
        """
        :calls: `GET /gists/:id <http://developer.github.com/v3/gists>`_
        :param id: string
        :rtype: :class:`github.Gist.Gist`
        """
        assert isinstance(id, (str, six.text_type)), id
        headers, data = self.__requester.requestJsonAndCheck("GET", "/gists/" + id)
        return github.Gist.Gist(self.__requester, headers, data, completed=True)

    def get_gists(self, since=github.GithubObject.NotSet):
        """
        :calls: `GET /gists/public <http://developer.github.com/v3/gists>`_
        :param since: datetime.datetime format YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SSZ
        :rtype: :class:`github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList` of :class:`github.Gist.Gist`
        """
        assert since is github.GithubObject.NotSet or isinstance(
            since, datetime.datetime
        ), since
        url_parameters = dict()
        if since is not github.GithubObject.NotSet:
            url_parameters["since"] = since.strftime("%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%SZ")
        return github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList(
            github.Gist.Gist, self.__requester, "/gists/public", url_parameters
        )

    def search_repositories(
        self,
        query,
        sort=github.GithubObject.NotSet,
        order=github.GithubObject.NotSet,
        **qualifiers
    ):
        """
        :calls: `GET /search/repositories <http://developer.github.com/v3/search>`_
        :param query: string
        :param sort: string ('stars', 'forks', 'updated')
        :param order: string ('asc', 'desc')
        :param qualifiers: keyword dict query qualifiers
        :rtype: :class:`github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList` of :class:`github.Repository.Repository`
        """
        assert isinstance(query, (str, six.text_type)), query
        url_parameters = dict()
        if (
            sort is not github.GithubObject.NotSet
        ):  # pragma no branch (Should be covered)
            assert sort in ("stars", "forks", "updated"), sort
            url_parameters["sort"] = sort
        if (
            order is not github.GithubObject.NotSet
        ):  # pragma no branch (Should be covered)
            assert order in ("asc", "desc"), order
            url_parameters["order"] = order

        query_chunks = []
        if query:  # pragma no branch (Should be covered)
            query_chunks.append(query)

        for qualifier, value in qualifiers.items():
            query_chunks.append("%s:%s" % (qualifier, value))

        url_parameters["q"] = " ".join(query_chunks)
        assert url_parameters["q"], "need at least one qualifier"

        return github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList(
            github.Repository.Repository,
            self.__requester,
            "/search/repositories",
            url_parameters,
        )

    def search_users(
        self,
        query,
        sort=github.GithubObject.NotSet,
        order=github.GithubObject.NotSet,
        **qualifiers
    ):
        """
        :calls: `GET /search/users <http://developer.github.com/v3/search>`_
        :param query: string
        :param sort: string ('followers', 'repositories', 'joined')
        :param order: string ('asc', 'desc')
        :param qualifiers: keyword dict query qualifiers
        :rtype: :class:`github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList` of :class:`github.NamedUser.NamedUser`
        """
        assert isinstance(query, (str, six.text_type)), query
        url_parameters = dict()
        if sort is not github.GithubObject.NotSet:
            assert sort in ("followers", "repositories", "joined"), sort
            url_parameters["sort"] = sort
        if order is not github.GithubObject.NotSet:
            assert order in ("asc", "desc"), order
            url_parameters["order"] = order

        query_chunks = []
        if query:
            query_chunks.append(query)

        for qualifier, value in qualifiers.items():
            query_chunks.append("%s:%s" % (qualifier, value))

        url_parameters["q"] = " ".join(query_chunks)
        assert url_parameters["q"], "need at least one qualifier"

        return github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList(
            github.NamedUser.NamedUser,
            self.__requester,
            "/search/users",
            url_parameters,
        )

    def search_issues(
        self,
        query,
        sort=github.GithubObject.NotSet,
        order=github.GithubObject.NotSet,
        **qualifiers
    ):
        """
        :calls: `GET /search/issues <http://developer.github.com/v3/search>`_
        :param query: string
        :param sort: string ('comments', 'created', 'updated')
        :param order: string ('asc', 'desc')
        :param qualifiers: keyword dict query qualifiers
        :rtype: :class:`github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList` of :class:`github.Issue.Issue`
        """
        assert isinstance(query, (str, six.text_type)), query
        url_parameters = dict()
        if sort is not github.GithubObject.NotSet:
            assert sort in ("comments", "created", "updated"), sort
            url_parameters["sort"] = sort
        if order is not github.GithubObject.NotSet:
            assert order in ("asc", "desc"), order
            url_parameters["order"] = order

        query_chunks = []
        if query:  # pragma no branch (Should be covered)
            query_chunks.append(query)

        for qualifier, value in qualifiers.items():
            query_chunks.append("%s:%s" % (qualifier, value))

        url_parameters["q"] = " ".join(query_chunks)
        assert url_parameters["q"], "need at least one qualifier"

        return github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList(
            github.Issue.Issue, self.__requester, "/search/issues", url_parameters
        )

    def search_code(
        self,
        query,
        sort=github.GithubObject.NotSet,
        order=github.GithubObject.NotSet,
        highlight=False,
        **qualifiers
    ):
        """
        :calls: `GET /search/code <http://developer.github.com/v3/search>`_
        :param query: string
        :param sort: string ('indexed')
        :param order: string ('asc', 'desc')
        :param highlight: boolean (True, False)
        :param qualifiers: keyword dict query qualifiers
        :rtype: :class:`github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList` of :class:`github.ContentFile.ContentFile`
        """
        assert isinstance(query, (str, six.text_type)), query
        url_parameters = dict()
        if (
            sort is not github.GithubObject.NotSet
        ):  # pragma no branch (Should be covered)
            assert sort in ("indexed",), sort
            url_parameters["sort"] = sort
        if (
            order is not github.GithubObject.NotSet
        ):  # pragma no branch (Should be covered)
            assert order in ("asc", "desc"), order
            url_parameters["order"] = order

        query_chunks = []
        if query:  # pragma no branch (Should be covered)
            query_chunks.append(query)

        for qualifier, value in qualifiers.items():
            query_chunks.append("%s:%s" % (qualifier, value))

        url_parameters["q"] = " ".join(query_chunks)
        assert url_parameters["q"], "need at least one qualifier"

        headers = {"Accept": Consts.highLightSearchPreview} if highlight else None

        return github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList(
            github.ContentFile.ContentFile,
            self.__requester,
            "/search/code",
            url_parameters,
            headers=headers,
        )

    def search_commits(
        self,
        query,
        sort=github.GithubObject.NotSet,
        order=github.GithubObject.NotSet,
        **qualifiers
    ):
        """
        :calls: `GET /search/commits <http://developer.github.com/v3/search>`_
        :param query: string
        :param sort: string ('author-date', 'committer-date')
        :param order: string ('asc', 'desc')
        :param qualifiers: keyword dict query qualifiers
        :rtype: :class:`github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList` of :class:`github.Commit.Commit`
        """
        assert isinstance(query, (str, six.text_type)), query
        url_parameters = dict()
        if (
            sort is not github.GithubObject.NotSet
        ):  # pragma no branch (Should be covered)
            assert sort in ("author-date", "committer-date"), sort
            url_parameters["sort"] = sort
        if (
            order is not github.GithubObject.NotSet
        ):  # pragma no branch (Should be covered)
            assert order in ("asc", "desc"), order
            url_parameters["order"] = order

        query_chunks = []
        if query:  # pragma no branch (Should be covered)
            query_chunks.append(query)

        for qualifier, value in qualifiers.items():
            query_chunks.append("%s:%s" % (qualifier, value))

        url_parameters["q"] = " ".join(query_chunks)
        assert url_parameters["q"], "need at least one qualifier"

        return github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList(
            github.Commit.Commit,
            self.__requester,
            "/search/commits",
            url_parameters,
            headers={"Accept": Consts.mediaTypeCommitSearchPreview},
        )

    def search_topics(self, query, **qualifiers):
        """
        :calls: `GET /search/topics <http://developer.github.com/v3/search>`_
        :param query: string
        :param qualifiers: keyword dict query qualifiers
        :rtype: :class:`github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList` of :class:`github.Topic.Topic`
        """
        assert isinstance(query, (str, six.text_type)), query
        url_parameters = dict()

        query_chunks = []
        if query:  # pragma no branch (Should be covered)
            query_chunks.append(query)

        for qualifier, value in qualifiers.items():
            query_chunks.append("%s:%s" % (qualifier, value))

        url_parameters["q"] = " ".join(query_chunks)
        assert url_parameters["q"], "need at least one qualifier"

        return github.PaginatedList.PaginatedList(
            github.Topic.Topic,
            self.__requester,
            "/search/topics",
            url_parameters,
            headers={"Accept": Consts.mediaTypeTopicsPreview},
        )

    def render_markdown(self, text, context=github.GithubObject.NotSet):
        """
        :calls: `POST /markdown <http://developer.github.com/v3/markdown>`_
        :param text: string
        :param context: :class:`github.Repository.Repository`
        :rtype: string
        """
        assert isinstance(text, (str, six.text_type)), text
        assert context is github.GithubObject.NotSet or isinstance(
            context, github.Repository.Repository
        ), context
        post_parameters = {"text": text}
        if context is not github.GithubObject.NotSet:
            post_parameters["mode"] = "gfm"
            post_parameters["context"] = context._identity
        status, headers, data = self.__requester.requestJson(
            "POST", "/markdown", input=post_parameters
        )
        return data

    def get_hook(self, name):
        """
        :calls: `GET /hooks/:name <http://developer.github.com/v3/repos/hooks/>`_
        :param name: string
        :rtype: :class:`github.HookDescription.HookDescription`
        """
        assert isinstance(name, (str, six.text_type)), name
        headers, attributes = self.__requester.requestJsonAndCheck(
            "GET", "/hooks/" + name
        )
        return HookDescription.HookDescription(
            self.__requester, headers, attributes, completed=True
        )

    def get_hooks(self):
        """
        :calls: `GET /hooks <http://developer.github.com/v3/repos/hooks/>`_
        :rtype: list of :class:`github.HookDescription.HookDescription`
        """
        headers, data = self.__requester.requestJsonAndCheck("GET", "/hooks")
        return [
            HookDescription.HookDescription(
                self.__requester, headers, attributes, completed=True
            )
            for attributes in data
        ]

    def get_gitignore_templates(self):
        """
        :calls: `GET /gitignore/templates <http://developer.github.com/v3/gitignore>`_
        :rtype: list of string
        """
        headers, data = self.__requester.requestJsonAndCheck(
            "GET", "/gitignore/templates"
        )
        return data

    def get_gitignore_template(self, name):
        """
        :calls: `GET /gitignore/templates/:name <http://developer.github.com/v3/gitignore>`_
        :rtype: :class:`github.GitignoreTemplate.GitignoreTemplate`
        """
        assert isinstance(name, (str, six.text_type)), name
        headers, attributes = self.__requester.requestJsonAndCheck(
            "GET", "/gitignore/templates/" + name
        )
        return GitignoreTemplate.GitignoreTemplate(
            self.__requester, headers, attributes, completed=True
        )

    def get_emojis(self):
        """
        :calls: `GET /emojis <http://developer.github.com/v3/emojis/>`_
        :rtype: dictionary of type => url for emoji`
        """
        headers, attributes = self.__requester.requestJsonAndCheck("GET", "/emojis")
        return attributes

    def create_from_raw_data(self, klass, raw_data, headers={}):
        """
        Creates an object from raw_data previously obtained by :attr:`github.GithubObject.GithubObject.raw_data`,
        and optionaly headers previously obtained by :attr:`github.GithubObject.GithubObject.raw_headers`.

        :param klass: the class of the object to create
        :param raw_data: dict
        :param headers: dict
        :rtype: instance of class ``klass``
        """
        return klass(self.__requester, headers, raw_data, completed=True)

    def dump(self, obj, file, protocol=0):
        """
        Dumps (pickles) a PyGithub object to a file-like object.
        Some effort is made to not pickle sensitive informations like the Github credentials used in the :class:`Github` instance.
        But NO EFFORT is made to remove sensitive information from the object's attributes.

        :param obj: the object to pickle
        :param file: the file-like object to pickle to
        :param protocol: the `pickling protocol <http://docs.python.org/2.7/library/pickle.html#data-stream-format>`_
        """
        pickle.dump((obj.__class__, obj.raw_data, obj.raw_headers), file, protocol)

    def load(self, f):
        """
        Loads (unpickles) a PyGithub object from a file-like object.

        :param f: the file-like object to unpickle from
        :return: the unpickled object
        """
        return self.create_from_raw_data(*pickle.load(f))

    def get_installation(self, id):
        """

        :param id:
        :return:
        """
        return Installation.Installation(
            self.__requester, headers={}, attributes={"id": id}, completed=True
        )


class GithubIntegration(object):
    """
    Main class to obtain tokens for a GitHub integration.
    """

    def __init__(self, integration_id, private_key, base_url=DEFAULT_BASE_URL):
        """
        :param base_url: string
        :param integration_id: int
        :param private_key: string
        """
        self.base_url = base_url
        self.integration_id = integration_id
        self.private_key = private_key
        assert isinstance(base_url, (str, six.text_type)), base_url

    def create_jwt(self, expiration=60):
        """
        Creates a signed JWT, valid for 60 seconds by default.
        The expiration can be extended beyond this, to a maximum of 600 seconds.

        :param expiration: int
        :return:
        """
        now = int(time.time())
        payload = {"iat": now, "exp": now + expiration, "iss": self.integration_id}
        encrypted = jwt.encode(payload, key=self.private_key, algorithm="RS256")

        if isinstance(encrypted, bytes):
            encrypted = encrypted.decode("utf-8")

        return encrypted

    def get_access_token(self, installation_id, user_id=None):
        """
        Get an access token for the given installation id.
        POSTs https://api.github.com/app/installations/<installation_id>/access_tokens
        :param user_id: int
        :param installation_id: int
        :return: :class:`github.InstallationAuthorization.InstallationAuthorization`
        """
        body = {}
        if user_id:
            body = {"user_id": user_id}
        response = requests.post(
            "{}/app/installations/{}/access_tokens".format(
                self.base_url, installation_id
            ),
            headers={
                "Authorization": "Bearer {}".format(self.create_jwt()),
                "Accept": Consts.mediaTypeIntegrationPreview,
                "User-Agent": "PyGithub/Python",
            },
            json=body,
        )

        if response.status_code == 201:
            return InstallationAuthorization.InstallationAuthorization(
                requester=None,  # not required, this is a NonCompletableGithubObject
                headers={},  # not required, this is a NonCompletableGithubObject
                attributes=response.json(),
                completed=True,
            )
        elif response.status_code == 403:
            raise GithubException.BadCredentialsException(
                status=response.status_code, data=response.text
            )
        elif response.status_code == 404:
            raise GithubException.UnknownObjectException(
                status=response.status_code, data=response.text
            )
        raise GithubException.GithubException(
            status=response.status_code, data=response.text
        )

    def get_installation(self, owner, repo):
        """
        :calls: `GET /repos/:owner/:repo/installation <https://developer.github.com/v3/apps/#get-a-repository-installation>`_
        :param owner: str
        :param repo: str
        :rtype: :class:`github.Installation.Installation`
        """
        headers = {
            "Authorization": "Bearer {}".format(self.create_jwt()),
            "Accept": Consts.mediaTypeIntegrationPreview,
            "User-Agent": "PyGithub/Python",
        }

        response = requests.get(
            "{}/repos/{}/{}/installation".format(self.base_url, owner, repo),
            headers=headers,
        )
        response_dict = response.json()
        return Installation.Installation(None, headers, response_dict, True)