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Create Ice Age EIP (#4345)

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* Create Ice Age EIP

Signed-off-by: Tim Beiko <t.beiko23@gmail.com>

* Fix EIP number

Signed-off-by: Tim Beiko <t.beiko23@gmail.com>

* Fix filename

Signed-off-by: Tim Beiko <t.beiko23@gmail.com>

* Add EthMag link

Signed-off-by: Tim Beiko <t.beiko23@gmail.com>

* Fix templating issues

Signed-off-by: Tim Beiko <t.beiko23@gmail.com>

* Change status

Signed-off-by: Tim Beiko <t.beiko23@gmail.com>

* Clarify timelines

Signed-off-by: Tim Beiko <t.beiko23@gmail.com>

* Update EIPS/eip-4345.md

Co-authored-by: lightclient <14004106+lightclient@users.noreply.github.com>
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---
eip: 4345
title: Difficulty Bomb Delay to May 2022
description: Delays the difficulty bomb to be noticeable in May 2022.
author: Tim Beiko (@timbeiko)
discussions-to: https://ethereum-magicians.org/t/eip-4345-difficulty-bomb-delay-to-may-2022/7209
status: Draft
type: Standards Track
category: Core
created: 2021-10-05
---
## Abstract
Starting with `FORK_BLOCK_NUMBER` the client will calculate the difficulty based on a fake block number suggesting to the client that the difficulty bomb is adjusting 10,500,000 blocks later than the actual block number.
## Motivation
Targeting for the Shanghai upgrade and/or the Merge to occur before May 2022. Either the bomb can be readjusted at that time, or removed all together.
## Specification
#### Relax Difficulty with Fake Block Number
For the purposes of `calc_difficulty`, simply replace the use of `block.number`, as used in the exponential ice age component, with the formula:
```py
fake_block_number = max(0, block.number - 10_500_000) if block.number >= FORK_BLOCK_NUMBER else block.number
```
## Rationale
The following script predicts a 0.25 second delay to block time by May 2022 and a 1 second delay by June. This gives reason to address because the effect will be seen, but not so much urgency we don't have space to work around if needed.
```python
def predict_diff_bomb_effect(current_blknum, current_difficulty, block_adjustment, months):
'''
Predicts the effect on block time (as a ratio) in a specified amount of months in the future.
Vars used for predictions:
current_blknum = 13346561
current_difficulty = 9191929451665642
block adjustment = 10500000
months = 7 # May 2022
months = 8 # June 2022
'''
blocks_per_month = (86400 * 30) // 13.3
future_blknum = current_blknum + blocks_per_month * months
diff_adjustment = 2 ** ((future_blknum - block_adjustment) // 100000 - 2)
diff_adjust_coeff = diff_adjustment / current_difficulty * 2048
return diff_adjust_coeff
diff_adjust_coeff = predict_diff_bomb_effect(13346561,9191929451665642,10500000,6.5)
```
## Backwards Compatibility
No known backward compatibility issues.
## Security Considerations
Misjudging the effects of the difficulty can mean longer blocktimes than anticipated until a hardfork is released. Wild shifts in difficulty can affect this number severely. Also, gradual changes in blocktimes due to longer-term adjustments in difficulty can affect the timing of difficulty bomb epochs. This affects the usability of the network but unlikely to have security ramifications.
## Copyright
Copyright and related rights waived via [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/).