EIPs/EIPS/eip-160.md

---
eip: 160
title: EXP cost increase
author: Vitalik Buterin
type: Standards Track
category: Core
status: Final
created: 2016-10-20
---

### Hard fork
[Spurious Dragon](https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-607.md)

### Parameters
- `FORK_BLKNUM`: 2,675,000
- `CHAIN_ID`: 1

### Specification

If `block.number >= FORK_BLKNUM`, increase the gas cost of EXP from 10 + 10 per byte in the exponent to 10 + 50 per byte in the exponent.

### Rationale

Benchmarks suggest that EXP is currently underpriced by a factor of about 4–8.

### References

1. EIP-160 issue and discussion: https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/160
-												Fixed headers for existing EIPs to be conformant YAML frontmatter

											
										
										
											2018-03-20 15:10:58 +00:00
+								---
-												Lowercase all frontmatter keys

											
										
										
											2018-03-21 12:51:05 +00:00
+								eip: 160
 								title: EXP cost increase
 								author: Vitalik Buterin
-												Add pages for each EIP type, improve listing tables with links

											
										
										
											2018-03-21 15:55:18 +00:00
+								type: Standards Track
-												Lowercase all frontmatter keys

											
										
										
											2018-03-21 12:51:05 +00:00
+								category: Core
 								status: Final
 								created: 2016-10-20
-												Fixed headers for existing EIPs to be conformant YAML frontmatter

											
										
										
											2018-03-20 15:10:58 +00:00
+								---
-												Hard fork ref and parameters
											
										
										
											2018-01-26 08:58:07 +00:00
+								### Hard fork
 								[Spurious Dragon](https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/blob/master/EIPS/eip-607.md)
-												Add FORK_BLKNUM: 2,675,000 (Spurious Dragon) plus an en dash
											
										
										
											2018-01-26 05:14:52 +00:00
-												Hard fork ref and parameters
											
										
										
											2018-01-26 08:58:07 +00:00
+								### Parameters
 								- `FORK_BLKNUM`: 2,675,000
 								- `CHAIN_ID`: 1
-												create file for EIP-160

											
										
										
											2017-06-27 11:07:07 +00:00
 								### Specification
 								If `block.number >= FORK_BLKNUM`, increase the gas cost of EXP from 10 + 10 per byte in the exponent to 10 + 50 per byte in the exponent.
-												add eip-160 preamble and references

											
										
										
											2017-07-17 15:02:44 +00:00
-												create file for EIP-160

											
										
										
											2017-06-27 11:07:07 +00:00
+								### Rationale
-												Add FORK_BLKNUM: 2,675,000 (Spurious Dragon) plus an en dash
											
										
										
											2018-01-26 05:14:52 +00:00
+								Benchmarks suggest that EXP is currently underpriced by a factor of about 4–8.
-												add eip-160 preamble and references

											
										
										
											2017-07-17 15:02:44 +00:00
 								### References
 . EIP-160 issue and discussion: https://github.com/ethereum/EIPs/issues/160