To provide native bitwise shifting with cost on par with other arithmetic operations.
## Abstract
Native bitwise shifting instructions are introduced, which are more efficient processing wise on the host and are cheaper to user by a contract.
## Motivation
EVM is lacking bitwise shifting operators, but supports other logical and arithmetic operators. Shift operations can be implemented via arithmetic operators, but that has a higher cost and requires more processing time from the host. Implementing `SHL` and `SHR` using arithmetics cost each 35 gas, while the proposed instructions take 3 gas.
The `SHL` instruction (shift left) pops 2 values from the stack, `arg1` and `arg2`, and pushes on the stack the first popped value `arg1` shifted to the left by the number of bits in the second popped value `arg2`. The result is equal to
The `SHR` instruction (logical shift right) pops 2 values from the stack, `arg1` and `arg2`, and pushes on the stack the first popped value `arg1` shifted to the right by the number of bits in the second popped value `arg2` with zero fill. The result is equal to
The `SAR` instruction (arithmetic shift right) pops 2 values from the stack, `arg1` and `arg2`, and pushes on the stack the first popped value `arg1` shifted to the right by the number of bits in the second popped value `arg2` with sign extension. The result is equal to