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64 lines
2.3 KiB
Markdown
64 lines
2.3 KiB
Markdown
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---
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eip: 2681
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title: Limit account nonce to 2^64-1
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author: Alex Beregszaszi (@axic)
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discussions-to: https://ethereum-magicians.org/t/eip-2681-limit-account-nonce-to-2-64-1/4324
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status: Draft
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type: Standards Track
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category: Core
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created: 2020-04-25
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---
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## Abstract
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Limit account nonce to be between `0` and `2^64-1`.
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## Motivation
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This is motivated by Eth1.x / Stateless Ethereum discussions, more specifically discussion around the ["witness format"](https://github.com/ethereum/stateless-ethereum-specs).
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Introducing a restriction would allow storing the nonce in a more optimised way.
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Additionally it could prove beneficial to transaction formats, where some improvements are potentially sought by at least three other proposals.
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Lastly this facilitates a minor optimisation in clients, because the nonce no longer needs to be kept as a 256-bit number.
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## Specification
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If `block.number >= FORK_BLOCK` introduce two new restrictions:
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1. Consider any transaction invalid, where the nonce exceeds `2^64-1`.
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2. The `CREATE` instruction to abort with an exceptional halt, where the account nonce is `2^64-1`.
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## Rationale
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1. It is unlikely for any nonce to reach or exceed the proposed limit. If one would want to reach that limit via external transactions, it would cost at least `21000 * (2^64-1) = 387_381_625_547_900_583_915_000` gas.
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2. It must be noted that in the past, in the Morden testnet, each new account had a starting nonce of `2^20` in order to differentiate transactions from mainnet transactions.
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This mode of replay protection is out of fashion since [EIP-155](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-155) introduced a more elegant way using chain identifiers.
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3. Most clients already consider the nonce field to be 64-bit, such as go-ethereum.
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## Backwards Compatibility
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While this is a breaking change, no actual effect should be visible:
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1. There is no account in the state currently which would have a nonce exceeding that value. **Need to double check, but would be very surprised.**
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2. go-ethereum already has this restriction in place (`state.Account.Nonce` and `types.txdata.AccountNonce` it as a 64-bit number).
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## Security Considerations
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TBA
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## Test Cases
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TBA
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## Implementation
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TBA
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## Copyright
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Copyright and related rights waived via [CC0](https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/).
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