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- `GET_STATE_ROOT` and `SET_STATE_ROOT` deal with the root of the state trie, and will be called from storage routines. Similarly `GET_RECEIPT_ROOT` and `SET_RECEIPT_ROOT` deal with the root of the receipt trie. - `PANIC` enables an unsatisfiable constraint, so no proof can be generated. - `GET_CONTEXT` and `SET_CONTEXT`, used when calling and returning - `CONSUME_GAS` charges the sender gas; useful for cases where gas calculations are nontrivial and best implemented in assembly. - `EXIT_KERNEL` simply clears the CPU flag indicating that we're in kernel mode; it would be used just before a jump to return to the (userspace) caller. - `MLOAD_GENERAL` and `MSTORE_GENERAL` are for reading and writing memory, but they're not limited to the main memory segment of the current context; they can access any context and any segment. I added a couple macros to show how the they would typically be used. There may be more later, but these are the ones I think we need for now. I tried to fill in smaller invalid sections of the decoder's tree, as Jacqui suggested, while keeping related opcodes together. We can fine tune it when the opcode list is more stable. These are all intended to be priviledged, i.e. they will be treated as invalid if used from userspace, for compatibility as well as (in some cases) security reasons.
Plonky2
Plonky2 is a SNARK implementation based on techniques from PLONK and FRI. It is the successor of Plonky, which was based on PLONK and Halo.
Plonky2 is built for speed, and features a highly efficient recursive circuit. On a Macbook Pro, recursive proofs can be generated in about 170 ms.
Documentation
For more details about the Plonky2 argument system, see this writeup.
Building
Plonky2 requires a recent nightly toolchain, although we plan to transition to stable in the future.
To use a nightly toolchain for Plonky2 by default, you can run
rustup override set nightly
in the Plonky2 directory.
Running
To see recursion performance, one can run this bench, which generates a chain of three recursion proofs:
RUSTFLAGS=-Ctarget-cpu=native cargo run --release --example bench_recursion -- -vv
Jemalloc
Plonky2 prefers the Jemalloc memory allocator due to its superior performance. To use it, include jemallocator = "0.3.2" inCargo.tomland add the following lines
to your main.rs:
use jemallocator::Jemalloc;
#[global_allocator]
static GLOBAL: Jemalloc = Jemalloc;
Jemalloc is known to cause crashes when a binary compiled for x86 is run on an Apple silicon-based Mac under Rosetta 2. If you are experiencing crashes on your Apple silicon Mac, run rustc --print target-libdir. The output should contain aarch64-apple-darwin. If the output contains x86_64-apple-darwin, then you are running the Rust toolchain for x86; we recommend switching to the native ARM version.
Copyright
Plonky2 was developed by Polygon Zero (formerly Mir). While we plan to adopt an open source license, we haven't selected one yet, so all rights are reserved for the time being. Please reach out to us if you have thoughts on licensing.
Disclaimer
This code has not yet been audited, and should not be used in any production systems.