plonky2/src/field/crandall_field.rs
2021-05-18 16:09:22 +02:00

453 lines
13 KiB
Rust

use std::fmt;
use std::fmt::{Debug, Display, Formatter};
use std::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Div, DivAssign, Mul, MulAssign, Neg, Sub, SubAssign};
use num::Integer;
use crate::field::extension_field::quadratic::QuadraticCrandallField;
use crate::field::extension_field::quartic::QuarticCrandallField;
use crate::field::extension_field::Extendable;
use crate::field::field::Field;
use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
use std::iter::{Product, Sum};
/// EPSILON = 9 * 2**28 - 1
const EPSILON: u64 = 2415919103;
/// A precomputed 8*8 Cauchy matrix, generated with `Field::mds_8`.
const CAUCHY_MDS_8: [[CrandallField; 8]; 8] = [
[
CrandallField(16140901062381928449),
CrandallField(2635249153041947502),
CrandallField(3074457345215605419),
CrandallField(11068046442776179508),
CrandallField(13835058053470224385),
CrandallField(6148914690431210838),
CrandallField(9223372035646816257),
CrandallField(1),
],
[
CrandallField(2049638230143736946),
CrandallField(16140901062381928449),
CrandallField(2635249153041947502),
CrandallField(3074457345215605419),
CrandallField(11068046442776179508),
CrandallField(13835058053470224385),
CrandallField(6148914690431210838),
CrandallField(9223372035646816257),
],
[
CrandallField(5534023221388089754),
CrandallField(2049638230143736946),
CrandallField(16140901062381928449),
CrandallField(2635249153041947502),
CrandallField(3074457345215605419),
CrandallField(11068046442776179508),
CrandallField(13835058053470224385),
CrandallField(6148914690431210838),
],
[
CrandallField(16769767337539665921),
CrandallField(5534023221388089754),
CrandallField(2049638230143736946),
CrandallField(16140901062381928449),
CrandallField(2635249153041947502),
CrandallField(3074457345215605419),
CrandallField(11068046442776179508),
CrandallField(13835058053470224385),
],
[
CrandallField(10760600708254618966),
CrandallField(16769767337539665921),
CrandallField(5534023221388089754),
CrandallField(2049638230143736946),
CrandallField(16140901062381928449),
CrandallField(2635249153041947502),
CrandallField(3074457345215605419),
CrandallField(11068046442776179508),
],
[
CrandallField(5675921252705733081),
CrandallField(10760600708254618966),
CrandallField(16769767337539665921),
CrandallField(5534023221388089754),
CrandallField(2049638230143736946),
CrandallField(16140901062381928449),
CrandallField(2635249153041947502),
CrandallField(3074457345215605419),
],
[
CrandallField(1317624576520973751),
CrandallField(5675921252705733081),
CrandallField(10760600708254618966),
CrandallField(16769767337539665921),
CrandallField(5534023221388089754),
CrandallField(2049638230143736946),
CrandallField(16140901062381928449),
CrandallField(2635249153041947502),
],
[
CrandallField(15987178195121148178),
CrandallField(1317624576520973751),
CrandallField(5675921252705733081),
CrandallField(10760600708254618966),
CrandallField(16769767337539665921),
CrandallField(5534023221388089754),
CrandallField(2049638230143736946),
CrandallField(16140901062381928449),
],
];
/// A field designed for use with the Crandall reduction algorithm.
///
/// Its order is
/// ```ignore
/// P = 2**64 - EPSILON
/// = 2**64 - 9 * 2**28 + 1
/// = 2**28 * (2**36 - 9) + 1
/// ```
#[derive(Copy, Clone)]
pub struct CrandallField(pub u64);
impl PartialEq for CrandallField {
fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
self.to_canonical_u64() == other.to_canonical_u64()
}
}
impl Eq for CrandallField {}
impl Hash for CrandallField {
fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
state.write_u64(self.to_canonical_u64())
}
}
impl Display for CrandallField {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
Display::fmt(&self.to_canonical_u64(), f)
}
}
impl Debug for CrandallField {
fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
Debug::fmt(&self.to_canonical_u64(), f)
}
}
impl Field for CrandallField {
const ZERO: Self = Self(0);
const ONE: Self = Self(1);
const TWO: Self = Self(2);
const NEG_ONE: Self = Self(Self::ORDER - 1);
const ORDER: u64 = 18446744071293632513;
const TWO_ADICITY: usize = 28;
const MULTIPLICATIVE_GROUP_GENERATOR: Self = Self(5);
const POWER_OF_TWO_GENERATOR: Self = Self(10281950781551402419);
#[inline]
fn square(&self) -> Self {
*self * *self
}
#[inline]
fn cube(&self) -> Self {
*self * *self * *self
}
#[allow(clippy::many_single_char_names)] // The names are from the paper.
fn try_inverse(&self) -> Option<Self> {
if self.is_zero() {
return None;
}
// Based on Algorithm 16 of "Efficient Software-Implementation of Finite Fields with
// Applications to Cryptography".
let p = Self::ORDER;
let mut u = self.to_canonical_u64();
let mut v = p;
let mut b = 1u64;
let mut c = 0u64;
while u != 1 && v != 1 {
while u.is_even() {
u /= 2;
if b.is_even() {
b /= 2;
} else {
// b = (b + p)/2, avoiding overflow
b = (b / 2) + (p / 2) + 1;
}
}
while v.is_even() {
v /= 2;
if c.is_even() {
c /= 2;
} else {
// c = (c + p)/2, avoiding overflow
c = (c / 2) + (p / 2) + 1;
}
}
if u >= v {
u -= v;
// b -= c
let (mut diff, under) = b.overflowing_sub(c);
if under {
diff = diff.overflowing_add(p).0;
}
b = diff;
} else {
v -= u;
// c -= b
let (mut diff, under) = c.overflowing_sub(b);
if under {
diff = diff.overflowing_add(p).0;
}
c = diff;
}
}
let inverse = Self(if u == 1 { b } else { c });
// Should change to debug_assert_eq; using assert_eq as an extra precaution for now until
// we're more confident the impl is correct.
assert_eq!(*self * inverse, Self::ONE);
Some(inverse)
}
#[inline]
fn to_canonical_u64(&self) -> u64 {
let mut c = self.0;
// We only need one condition subtraction, since 2 * ORDER would not fit in a u64.
if c >= Self::ORDER {
c -= Self::ORDER;
}
c
}
#[inline]
fn from_canonical_u64(n: u64) -> Self {
Self(n)
}
fn cube_root(&self) -> Self {
let x0 = *self;
let x1 = x0.square();
let x2 = x1.square();
let x3 = x2 * x0;
let x4 = x3.square();
let x5 = x4.square();
let x7 = x5.square();
let x8 = x7.square();
let x9 = x8.square();
let x10 = x9.square();
let x11 = x10 * x5;
let x12 = x11.square();
let x13 = x12.square();
let x14 = x13.square();
let x16 = x14.square();
let x17 = x16.square();
let x18 = x17.square();
let x19 = x18.square();
let x20 = x19.square();
let x21 = x20 * x11;
let x22 = x21.square();
let x23 = x22.square();
let x24 = x23.square();
let x25 = x24.square();
let x26 = x25.square();
let x27 = x26.square();
let x28 = x27.square();
let x29 = x28.square();
let x30 = x29.square();
let x31 = x30.square();
let x32 = x31.square();
let x33 = x32 * x14;
let x34 = x33 * x3;
let x35 = x34.square();
let x36 = x35 * x34;
let x37 = x36 * x5;
let x38 = x37 * x34;
let x39 = x38 * x37;
let x40 = x39.square();
let x41 = x40.square();
let x42 = x41 * x38;
let x43 = x42.square();
let x44 = x43.square();
let x45 = x44.square();
let x46 = x45.square();
let x47 = x46.square();
let x48 = x47.square();
let x49 = x48.square();
let x50 = x49.square();
let x51 = x50.square();
let x52 = x51.square();
let x53 = x52.square();
let x54 = x53.square();
let x55 = x54.square();
let x56 = x55.square();
let x57 = x56.square();
let x58 = x57.square();
let x59 = x58.square();
let x60 = x59.square();
let x61 = x60.square();
let x62 = x61.square();
let x63 = x62.square();
let x64 = x63.square();
let x65 = x64.square();
let x66 = x65.square();
let x67 = x66.square();
let x68 = x67.square();
let x69 = x68.square();
let x70 = x69.square();
let x71 = x70.square();
let x72 = x71.square();
let x73 = x72.square();
let x74 = x73 * x39;
x74
}
fn mds_8(vec: [Self; 8]) -> [Self; 8] {
let mut result = [Self::ZERO; 8];
for r in 0..8 {
for c in 0..8 {
let entry = CAUCHY_MDS_8[r][c];
result[r] += entry * vec[c];
}
}
result
}
}
impl Neg for CrandallField {
type Output = Self;
#[inline]
fn neg(self) -> Self {
if self.is_zero() {
Self::ZERO
} else {
Self(Self::ORDER - self.to_canonical_u64())
}
}
}
impl Add for CrandallField {
type Output = Self;
#[inline]
#[allow(clippy::suspicious_arithmetic_impl)]
fn add(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
let (sum, over) = self.0.overflowing_add(rhs.0);
Self(sum.overflowing_sub((over as u64) * Self::ORDER).0)
}
}
impl AddAssign for CrandallField {
fn add_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
*self = *self + rhs;
}
}
impl Sum for CrandallField {
fn sum<I: Iterator<Item = Self>>(iter: I) -> Self {
iter.fold(Self::ZERO, |acc, x| acc + x)
}
}
impl Sub for CrandallField {
type Output = Self;
#[inline]
#[allow(clippy::suspicious_arithmetic_impl)]
fn sub(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
let (diff, under) = self.0.overflowing_sub(rhs.to_canonical_u64());
Self(diff.overflowing_add((under as u64) * Self::ORDER).0)
}
}
impl SubAssign for CrandallField {
#[inline]
fn sub_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
*self = *self - rhs;
}
}
impl Mul for CrandallField {
type Output = Self;
#[inline]
fn mul(self, rhs: Self) -> Self {
reduce128((self.0 as u128) * (rhs.0 as u128))
}
}
impl MulAssign for CrandallField {
#[inline]
fn mul_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
*self = *self * rhs;
}
}
impl Product for CrandallField {
fn product<I: Iterator<Item = Self>>(iter: I) -> Self {
iter.fold(Self::ONE, |acc, x| acc * x)
}
}
impl Div for CrandallField {
type Output = Self;
#[allow(clippy::suspicious_arithmetic_impl)]
fn div(self, rhs: Self) -> Self::Output {
self * rhs.inverse()
}
}
impl DivAssign for CrandallField {
fn div_assign(&mut self, rhs: Self) {
*self = *self / rhs;
}
}
impl Extendable<2> for CrandallField {
type Extension = QuadraticCrandallField;
}
impl Extendable<4> for CrandallField {
type Extension = QuarticCrandallField;
}
/// Reduces to a 64-bit value. The result might not be in canonical form; it could be in between the
/// field order and `2^64`.
#[inline]
fn reduce128(x: u128) -> CrandallField {
// This is Crandall's algorithm. When we have some high-order bits (i.e. with a weight of 2^64),
// we convert them to low-order bits by multiplying by EPSILON (the logic is a simple
// generalization of Mersenne prime reduction). The first time we do this, the product will take
// ~96 bits, so we still have some high-order bits. But when we repeat this another time, the
// product will fit in 64 bits.
let (lo_1, hi_1) = split(x);
let (lo_2, hi_2) = split((EPSILON as u128) * (hi_1 as u128) + (lo_1 as u128));
let lo_3 = hi_2 * EPSILON;
CrandallField(lo_2) + CrandallField(lo_3)
}
#[inline]
fn split(x: u128) -> (u64, u64) {
(x as u64, (x >> 64) as u64)
}
#[cfg(test)]
mod tests {
use crate::test_arithmetic;
test_arithmetic!(crate::field::crandall_field::CrandallField);
}