diff --git a/insertion/src/insertion_gate.rs b/insertion/src/insertion_gate.rs
index 8ee60483..cb5fdc22 100644
--- a/insertion/src/insertion_gate.rs
+++ b/insertion/src/insertion_gate.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use std::ops::Range;
 
 use plonky2::field::extension_field::{Extendable, FieldExtension};
 use plonky2::field::field_types::Field;
+use plonky2::gates::batchable::MultiOpsGate;
 use plonky2::gates::gate::Gate;
 use plonky2::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
 use plonky2::hash::hash_types::RichField;
@@ -242,6 +243,16 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Gate<F, D> for InsertionGate<
     }
 }
 
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D> for InsertionGate<F, D> {
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct InsertionGenerator<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> {
     gate_index: usize,
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gadgets/interpolation.rs b/plonky2/src/gadgets/interpolation.rs
index 7907a337..92b17098 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gadgets/interpolation.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gadgets/interpolation.rs
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ use std::ops::Range;
 
 use plonky2_field::extension_field::Extendable;
 
+use crate::gates::batchable::BatchableGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::hash::hash_types::RichField;
 use crate::iop::ext_target::ExtensionTarget;
@@ -12,7 +13,7 @@ use crate::plonk::circuit_builder::CircuitBuilder;
 /// with the given size, and whose values are extension field elements, given by input wires.
 /// Outputs the evaluation of the interpolant at a given (extension field) evaluation point.
 pub(crate) trait InterpolationGate<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize>:
-    Gate<F, D> + Copy
+    BatchableGate<F, D> + Copy
 {
     fn new(subgroup_bits: usize) -> Self;
 
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/arithmetic_base.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/arithmetic_base.rs
index 8f67dab2..ca308923 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/arithmetic_base.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/arithmetic_base.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 use plonky2_field::extension_field::Extendable;
 use plonky2_field::packed_field::PackedField;
 
+use crate::gates::batchable::MultiOpsGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::gates::packed_util::PackedEvaluableBase;
 use crate::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
@@ -151,6 +152,20 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Gate<F, D> for ArithmeticGate
     }
 }
 
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D> for ArithmeticGate {
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        self.num_ops
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        vec![
+            Target::wire(gate_index, Self::wire_ith_multiplicand_0(i)),
+            Target::wire(gate_index, Self::wire_ith_multiplicand_1(i)),
+            Target::wire(gate_index, Self::wire_ith_addend(i)),
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
 impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> PackedEvaluableBase<F, D> for ArithmeticGate {
     fn eval_unfiltered_base_packed<P: PackedField<Scalar = F>>(
         &self,
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/arithmetic_extension.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/arithmetic_extension.rs
index 93f7277c..bd575272 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/arithmetic_extension.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/arithmetic_extension.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use std::ops::Range;
 use plonky2_field::extension_field::Extendable;
 use plonky2_field::extension_field::FieldExtension;
 
+use crate::gates::batchable::MultiOpsGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
 use crate::hash::hash_types::RichField;
@@ -158,6 +159,23 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Gate<F, D> for ArithmeticExte
     }
 }
 
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D>
+    for ArithmeticExtensionGate<D>
+{
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        self.num_ops
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        [
+            ExtensionTarget::<D>::from_range(gate_index, Self::wires_ith_multiplicand_0(i)).0,
+            ExtensionTarget::<D>::from_range(gate_index, Self::wires_ith_multiplicand_1(i)).0,
+            ExtensionTarget::<D>::from_range(gate_index, Self::wires_ith_addend(i)).0,
+        ]
+        .concat()
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 struct ArithmeticExtensionGenerator<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> {
     gate_index: usize,
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/arithmetic_u32.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/arithmetic_u32.rs
index 1d4a834c..10d16ec2 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/arithmetic_u32.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/arithmetic_u32.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use plonky2_field::extension_field::Extendable;
 use plonky2_field::field_types::Field;
 use plonky2_field::packed_field::PackedField;
 
+use crate::gates::batchable::MultiOpsGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::gates::packed_util::PackedEvaluableBase;
 use crate::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
@@ -232,6 +233,20 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Gate<F, D> for U32ArithmeticG
     }
 }
 
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D> for U32ArithmeticGate<F, D> {
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        self.num_ops
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        vec![
+            Target::wire(gate_index, self.wire_ith_multiplicand_0(i)),
+            Target::wire(gate_index, self.wire_ith_multiplicand_1(i)),
+            Target::wire(gate_index, self.wire_ith_addend(i)),
+        ]
+    }
+}
+
 impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> PackedEvaluableBase<F, D>
     for U32ArithmeticGate<F, D>
 {
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/assert_le.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/assert_le.rs
index 6a99acd9..759faf51 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/assert_le.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/assert_le.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use plonky2_field::field_types::{Field, PrimeField};
 use plonky2_field::packed_field::PackedField;
 use plonky2_util::{bits_u64, ceil_div_usize};
 
+use crate::gates::batchable::MultiOpsGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::gates::packed_util::PackedEvaluableBase;
 use crate::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
@@ -280,6 +281,16 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Gate<F, D> for AssertLessThan
     }
 }
 
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D> for AssertLessThanGate<F, D> {
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+}
+
 impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> PackedEvaluableBase<F, D>
     for AssertLessThanGate<F, D>
 {
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/base_sum.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/base_sum.rs
index a5391abf..87db3c61 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/base_sum.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/base_sum.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use plonky2_field::extension_field::Extendable;
 use plonky2_field::field_types::{Field, PrimeField};
 use plonky2_field::packed_field::PackedField;
 
+use crate::gates::batchable::MultiOpsGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::gates::packed_util::PackedEvaluableBase;
 use crate::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
@@ -135,6 +136,17 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize, const B: usize> Gate<F, D> fo
         1 + self.num_limbs
     }
 }
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize, const B: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D>
+    for BaseSumGate<B>
+{
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+}
 
 impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize, const B: usize> PackedEvaluableBase<F, D>
     for BaseSumGate<B>
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/batchable.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/batchable.rs
index b0aaa87a..a2daef6f 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/batchable.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/batchable.rs
@@ -1,28 +1,94 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
-use std::hash::Hash;
+use std::fmt::{Debug, Error, Formatter};
+use std::hash::{Hash, Hasher};
+use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use std::sync::Arc;
 
 use plonky2_field::extension_field::Extendable;
 
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::hash::hash_types::RichField;
+use crate::iop::target::Target;
 use crate::plonk::circuit_builder::CircuitBuilder;
 
 pub trait BatchableGate<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize>: Gate<F, D> {
-    type Parameters: Copy;
-
-    fn find_available_slot(&self, params: Self::Parameters) -> (usize, usize);
-
-    fn fill_gate(&self, params: Self::Parameters, builder: &mut CircuitBuilder<F, D>);
+    // TODO: It would be nice to have a `Parameters` associated type.
+    fn fill_gate(
+        &self,
+        params: &[F],
+        current_slot: &CurrentSlot<F, D>,
+        builder: &mut CircuitBuilder<F, D>,
+    );
 }
 
-pub struct CurrentSlot<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize, G: BatchableGate<F, D>> {
-    current_slot: HashMap<G::Parameters, (usize, usize)>,
+pub struct CurrentSlot<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> {
+    current_slot: HashMap<Vec<F>, (usize, usize)>,
 }
 
-// pub struct Yo<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize>(
-//     CurrentSlot<F, D, dyn BatchableGate<F, D>>,
-// );
+#[derive(Clone)]
 pub struct GateRef<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize>(
     pub(crate) Arc<dyn BatchableGate<F, D>>,
 );
+
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> GateRef<F, D> {
+    pub fn new<G: BatchableGate<F, D>>(gate: G) -> GateRef<F, D> {
+        GateRef(Arc::new(gate))
+    }
+}
+
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> PartialEq for GateRef<F, D> {
+    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+        self.0.id() == other.0.id()
+    }
+}
+
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Hash for GateRef<F, D> {
+    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+        self.0.id().hash(state)
+    }
+}
+
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Eq for GateRef<F, D> {}
+
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Debug for GateRef<F, D> {
+    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error> {
+        write!(f, "{}", self.0.id())
+    }
+}
+
+// pub trait SingleOpGate<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize>: Gate<F, D> {}
+// impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, G: SingleOpGate<F, D>, const D: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D> for G {
+//     fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+//         1
+//     }
+//
+//     fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+//         unreachable!()
+//     }
+// }
+
+pub trait MultiOpsGate<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize>: Gate<F, D> {
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize;
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target>;
+}
+
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, G: MultiOpsGate<F, D>, const D: usize> BatchableGate<F, D>
+    for G
+{
+    fn fill_gate(
+        &self,
+        params: &[F],
+        current_slot: &CurrentSlot<F, D>,
+        builder: &mut CircuitBuilder<F, D>,
+    ) {
+        if let Some(&(gate_index, op)) = current_slot.current_slot.get(params) {
+            let zero = builder.zero();
+            for i in op..self.num_ops() {
+                for dep in self.dependencies_ith_op(gate_index, i) {
+                    builder.connect(dep, zero);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/comparison.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/comparison.rs
index 9a119b1d..f0ab000f 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/comparison.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/comparison.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use plonky2_field::field_types::{Field, PrimeField};
 use plonky2_field::packed_field::PackedField;
 use plonky2_util::{bits_u64, ceil_div_usize};
 
+use crate::gates::batchable::MultiOpsGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::gates::packed_util::PackedEvaluableBase;
 use crate::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
@@ -313,6 +314,26 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Gate<F, D> for ComparisonGate
     }
 }
 
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D> for ComparisonGate<F, D> {
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+}
+
+// impl<F: Richfield + Extendable<d>, const D: usize> Singleopgate<f, d> for multiopsgate<f, d> {
+//     fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+//         1
+//     }
+//
+//     fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+//         unreachable!()
+//     }
+// }
+
 impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> PackedEvaluableBase<F, D>
     for ComparisonGate<F, D>
 {
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/constant.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/constant.rs
index 14b21867..f59f3604 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/constant.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/constant.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use plonky2_field::extension_field::Extendable;
 use plonky2_field::field_types::Field;
 use plonky2_field::packed_field::PackedField;
 
+use crate::gates::batchable::MultiOpsGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::gates::packed_util::PackedEvaluableBase;
 use crate::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
@@ -102,6 +103,16 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Gate<F, D> for ConstantGate {
     }
 }
 
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D> for ConstantGate {
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        self.num_consts
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        vec![]
+    }
+}
+
 impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> PackedEvaluableBase<F, D> for ConstantGate {
     fn eval_unfiltered_base_packed<P: PackedField<Scalar = F>>(
         &self,
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/exponentiation.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/exponentiation.rs
index 51558a21..6d72e21b 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/exponentiation.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/exponentiation.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use plonky2_field::field_types::Field;
 use plonky2_field::ops::Square;
 use plonky2_field::packed_field::PackedField;
 
+use crate::gates::batchable::{BatchableGate, MultiOpsGate};
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::gates::packed_util::PackedEvaluableBase;
 use crate::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
@@ -190,6 +191,16 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Gate<F, D> for Exponentiation
     }
 }
 
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D> for ExponentiationGate<F, D> {
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+}
+
 impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> PackedEvaluableBase<F, D>
     for ExponentiationGate<F, D>
 {
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/gate.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/gate.rs
index 9ae2a271..5cc15216 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/gate.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/gate.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use plonky2_field::batch_util::batch_multiply_inplace;
 use plonky2_field::extension_field::{Extendable, FieldExtension};
 use plonky2_field::field_types::Field;
 
+use crate::gates::batchable::GateRef;
 use crate::gates::gate_tree::Tree;
 use crate::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
 use crate::hash::hash_types::RichField;
@@ -141,35 +142,35 @@ pub trait Gate<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize>: 'static + Send + S
     fn num_constraints(&self) -> usize;
 }
 
-/// A wrapper around an `Rc<Gate>` which implements `PartialEq`, `Eq` and `Hash` based on gate IDs.
-#[derive(Clone)]
-pub struct GateRef<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize>(pub(crate) Arc<dyn Gate<F, D>>);
-
-impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> GateRef<F, D> {
-    pub fn new<G: Gate<F, D>>(gate: G) -> GateRef<F, D> {
-        GateRef(Arc::new(gate))
-    }
-}
-
-impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> PartialEq for GateRef<F, D> {
-    fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
-        self.0.id() == other.0.id()
-    }
-}
-
-impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Hash for GateRef<F, D> {
-    fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
-        self.0.id().hash(state)
-    }
-}
-
-impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Eq for GateRef<F, D> {}
-
-impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Debug for GateRef<F, D> {
-    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error> {
-        write!(f, "{}", self.0.id())
-    }
-}
+// /// A wrapper around an `Rc<Gate>` which implements `PartialEq`, `Eq` and `Hash` based on gate IDs.
+// #[derive(Clone)]
+// pub struct GateRef<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize>(pub(crate) Arc<dyn Gate<F, D>>);
+//
+// impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> GateRef<F, D> {
+//     pub fn new<G: Gate<F, D>>(gate: G) -> GateRef<F, D> {
+//         GateRef(Arc::new(gate))
+//     }
+// }
+//
+// impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> PartialEq for GateRef<F, D> {
+//     fn eq(&self, other: &Self) -> bool {
+//         self.0.id() == other.0.id()
+//     }
+// }
+//
+// impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Hash for GateRef<F, D> {
+//     fn hash<H: Hasher>(&self, state: &mut H) {
+//         self.0.id().hash(state)
+//     }
+// }
+//
+// impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Eq for GateRef<F, D> {}
+//
+// impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Debug for GateRef<F, D> {
+//     fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error> {
+//         write!(f, "{}", self.0.id())
+//     }
+// }
 
 /// A gate along with any constants used to configure it.
 pub struct GateInstance<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> {
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/gate_tree.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/gate_tree.rs
index 029616a8..8c8ecfe1 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/gate_tree.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/gate_tree.rs
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 use log::debug;
 use plonky2_field::extension_field::Extendable;
 
-use crate::gates::gate::GateRef;
+use crate::gates::batchable::GateRef;
 use crate::hash::hash_types::RichField;
 
 /// A binary tree where leaves hold some type `T` and other nodes are empty.
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/gmimc.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/gmimc.rs
index fdfb8673..a27f4b71 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/gmimc.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/gmimc.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use plonky2_field::extension_field::Extendable;
 use plonky2_field::field_types::Field;
 use plonky2_field::packed_field::PackedField;
 
+use crate::gates::batchable::MultiOpsGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::gates::packed_util::PackedEvaluableBase;
 use crate::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
@@ -215,6 +216,17 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D> + GMiMC<WIDTH>, const D: usize, const WIDTH: u
         gmimc::NUM_ROUNDS + WIDTH + 1
     }
 }
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D> + GMiMC<WIDTH>, const D: usize, const WIDTH: usize>
+    MultiOpsGate<F, D> for GMiMCGate<F, D, WIDTH>
+{
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+}
 
 impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D> + GMiMC<WIDTH>, const D: usize, const WIDTH: usize>
     PackedEvaluableBase<F, D> for GMiMCGate<F, D, WIDTH>
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/interpolation.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/interpolation.rs
index 9d3d6e3f..c1ac866c 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/interpolation.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/interpolation.rs
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use plonky2_field::polynomial::PolynomialCoeffs;
 
 use crate::gadgets::interpolation::InterpolationGate;
 use crate::gadgets::polynomial::PolynomialCoeffsExtAlgebraTarget;
+use crate::gates::batchable::MultiOpsGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
 use crate::hash::hash_types::RichField;
@@ -202,6 +203,17 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Gate<F, D>
         self.num_points() * D + D
     }
 }
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D>
+    for HighDegreeInterpolationGate<F, D>
+{
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+}
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct InterpolationGenerator<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> {
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/low_degree_interpolation.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/low_degree_interpolation.rs
index b7307470..5f707fdb 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/low_degree_interpolation.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/low_degree_interpolation.rs
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ use plonky2_field::polynomial::PolynomialCoeffs;
 
 use crate::gadgets::interpolation::InterpolationGate;
 use crate::gadgets::polynomial::PolynomialCoeffsExtAlgebraTarget;
+use crate::gates::batchable::MultiOpsGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
 use crate::hash::hash_types::RichField;
@@ -294,6 +295,18 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Gate<F, D> for LowDegreeInter
     }
 }
 
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D>
+    for LowDegreeInterpolationGate<F, D>
+{
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct InterpolationGenerator<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> {
     gate_index: usize,
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/multiplication_extension.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/multiplication_extension.rs
index 9ccfe637..031edfdc 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/multiplication_extension.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/multiplication_extension.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use std::ops::Range;
 use plonky2_field::extension_field::Extendable;
 use plonky2_field::extension_field::FieldExtension;
 
+use crate::gates::batchable::MultiOpsGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
 use crate::hash::hash_types::RichField;
@@ -145,6 +146,20 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Gate<F, D> for MulExtensionGa
     }
 }
 
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D> for MulExtensionGate<D> {
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        self.num_ops
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        [
+            ExtensionTarget::<D>::from_range(gate_index, Self::wires_ith_multiplicand_0(i)).0,
+            ExtensionTarget::<D>::from_range(gate_index, Self::wires_ith_multiplicand_1(i)).0,
+        ]
+        .concat()
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 struct MulExtensionGenerator<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> {
     gate_index: usize,
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/noop.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/noop.rs
index 4cd872d8..56942308 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/noop.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/noop.rs
@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 use plonky2_field::extension_field::Extendable;
 
+use crate::gates::batchable::MultiOpsGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::hash::hash_types::RichField;
 use crate::iop::ext_target::ExtensionTarget;
 use crate::iop::generator::WitnessGenerator;
+use crate::iop::target::Target;
 use crate::plonk::circuit_builder::CircuitBuilder;
 use crate::plonk::vars::{EvaluationTargets, EvaluationVars, EvaluationVarsBaseBatch};
 
@@ -56,6 +58,16 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Gate<F, D> for NoopGate {
     }
 }
 
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D> for NoopGate {
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use plonky2_field::goldilocks_field::GoldilocksField;
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/poseidon.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/poseidon.rs
index 366e200e..f2e3ebbf 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/poseidon.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/poseidon.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use std::marker::PhantomData;
 use plonky2_field::extension_field::Extendable;
 use plonky2_field::field_types::Field;
 
+use crate::gates::batchable::MultiOpsGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::gates::poseidon_mds::PoseidonMdsGate;
 use crate::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
@@ -406,6 +407,15 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Gate<F, D> for PoseidonGate<F
             + 4
     }
 }
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D> for PoseidonGate<F, D> {
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+}
 
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct PoseidonGenerator<F: RichField + Extendable<D> + Poseidon, const D: usize> {
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/poseidon_mds.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/poseidon_mds.rs
index 81583f88..8b1fe9c4 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/poseidon_mds.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/poseidon_mds.rs
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use plonky2_field::extension_field::Extendable;
 use plonky2_field::extension_field::FieldExtension;
 use plonky2_field::field_types::Field;
 
+use crate::gates::batchable::MultiOpsGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
 use crate::hash::hash_types::RichField;
@@ -196,6 +197,17 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D> + Poseidon, const D: usize> Gate<F, D> for Pos
         SPONGE_WIDTH * D
     }
 }
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D> + Poseidon, const D: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D>
+    for PoseidonMdsGate<F, D>
+{
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+}
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
 struct PoseidonMdsGenerator<const D: usize> {
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/public_input.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/public_input.rs
index 20fc59c8..d8fd0355 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/public_input.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/public_input.rs
@@ -3,12 +3,14 @@ use std::ops::Range;
 use plonky2_field::extension_field::Extendable;
 use plonky2_field::packed_field::PackedField;
 
+use crate::gates::batchable::MultiOpsGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::gates::packed_util::PackedEvaluableBase;
 use crate::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
 use crate::hash::hash_types::RichField;
 use crate::iop::ext_target::ExtensionTarget;
 use crate::iop::generator::WitnessGenerator;
+use crate::iop::target::Target;
 use crate::plonk::circuit_builder::CircuitBuilder;
 use crate::plonk::vars::{
     EvaluationTargets, EvaluationVars, EvaluationVarsBase, EvaluationVarsBaseBatch,
@@ -87,6 +89,16 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Gate<F, D> for PublicInputGat
     }
 }
 
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D> for PublicInputGate {
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+}
+
 impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> PackedEvaluableBase<F, D> for PublicInputGate {
     fn eval_unfiltered_base_packed<P: PackedField<Scalar = F>>(
         &self,
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/random_access.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/random_access.rs
index 77359a19..6a93b259 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/random_access.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/random_access.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use plonky2_field::extension_field::Extendable;
 use plonky2_field::field_types::Field;
 use plonky2_field::packed_field::PackedField;
 
+use crate::gates::batchable::MultiOpsGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::gates::packed_util::PackedEvaluableBase;
 use crate::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
@@ -230,6 +231,21 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Gate<F, D> for RandomAccessGa
     }
 }
 
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D> for RandomAccessGate<F, D> {
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        self.num_copies
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        RandomAccessGenerator {
+            gate_index,
+            gate: *self,
+            copy: i,
+        }
+        .dependencies()
+    }
+}
+
 impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> PackedEvaluableBase<F, D>
     for RandomAccessGate<F, D>
 {
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/reducing.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/reducing.rs
index 2abf8425..ed75bfb5 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/reducing.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/reducing.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use std::ops::Range;
 use plonky2_field::extension_field::Extendable;
 use plonky2_field::extension_field::FieldExtension;
 
+use crate::gates::batchable::MultiOpsGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
 use crate::hash::hash_types::RichField;
@@ -166,6 +167,16 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Gate<F, D> for ReducingGate<D
     }
 }
 
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D> for ReducingGate<D> {
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct ReducingGenerator<const D: usize> {
     gate_index: usize,
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/reducing_extension.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/reducing_extension.rs
index 6655f1d7..de8b15b6 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/reducing_extension.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/reducing_extension.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use std::ops::Range;
 use plonky2_field::extension_field::Extendable;
 use plonky2_field::extension_field::FieldExtension;
 
+use crate::gates::batchable::MultiOpsGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
 use crate::hash::hash_types::RichField;
@@ -166,6 +167,16 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Gate<F, D> for ReducingExtens
     }
 }
 
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D> for ReducingExtensionGate<D> {
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        1
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        unreachable!()
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Debug)]
 struct ReducingGenerator<const D: usize> {
     gate_index: usize,
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/subtraction_u32.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/subtraction_u32.rs
index fa817ce4..a6fa5e74 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/subtraction_u32.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/subtraction_u32.rs
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ use plonky2_field::extension_field::Extendable;
 use plonky2_field::field_types::Field;
 use plonky2_field::packed_field::PackedField;
 
+use crate::gates::batchable::MultiOpsGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::gates::packed_util::PackedEvaluableBase;
 use crate::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
@@ -221,6 +222,22 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Gate<F, D> for U32Subtraction
     }
 }
 
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D> for U32SubtractionGate<F, D> {
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        self.num_ops
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        U32SubtractionGenerator {
+            gate: *self,
+            gate_index,
+            i,
+            _phantom: Default::default(),
+        }
+        .dependencies()
+    }
+}
+
 impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> PackedEvaluableBase<F, D>
     for U32SubtractionGate<F, D>
 {
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/switch.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/switch.rs
index c5271a60..f782947a 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/switch.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/switch.rs
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ use plonky2_field::extension_field::Extendable;
 use plonky2_field::field_types::Field;
 use plonky2_field::packed_field::PackedField;
 
+use crate::gates::batchable::MultiOpsGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::Gate;
 use crate::gates::packed_util::PackedEvaluableBase;
 use crate::gates::util::StridedConstraintConsumer;
@@ -189,6 +190,16 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> Gate<F, D> for SwitchGate<F,
     }
 }
 
+impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MultiOpsGate<F, D> for SwitchGate<F, D> {
+    fn num_ops(&self) -> usize {
+        self.num_copies
+    }
+
+    fn dependencies_ith_op(&self, gate_index: usize, i: usize) -> Vec<Target> {
+        todo!()
+    }
+}
+
 impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> PackedEvaluableBase<F, D> for SwitchGate<F, D> {
     fn eval_unfiltered_base_packed<P: PackedField<Scalar = F>>(
         &self,
diff --git a/plonky2/src/plonk/circuit_builder.rs b/plonky2/src/plonk/circuit_builder.rs
index cc4a19a4..cdd169ff 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/plonk/circuit_builder.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/plonk/circuit_builder.rs
@@ -18,9 +18,9 @@ use crate::gadgets::arithmetic_u32::U32Target;
 use crate::gates::arithmetic_base::ArithmeticGate;
 use crate::gates::arithmetic_extension::ArithmeticExtensionGate;
 use crate::gates::arithmetic_u32::U32ArithmeticGate;
-use crate::gates::batchable::{BatchableGate, CurrentSlot};
+use crate::gates::batchable::{BatchableGate, CurrentSlot, GateRef};
 use crate::gates::constant::ConstantGate;
-use crate::gates::gate::{Gate, GateInstance, GateRef, PrefixedGate};
+use crate::gates::gate::{Gate, GateInstance, PrefixedGate};
 use crate::gates::gate_tree::Tree;
 use crate::gates::multiplication_extension::MulExtensionGate;
 use crate::gates::noop::NoopGate;
@@ -86,6 +86,8 @@ pub struct CircuitBuilder<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> {
 
     // yo: Vec<Yo<F, D, dyn Copy>>,
     batched_gates: BatchedGates<F, D>,
+
+    current_slots: HashMap<GateRef<F, D>, CurrentSlot<F, D>>,
 }
 
 impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> CircuitBuilder<F, D> {
@@ -105,6 +107,7 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> CircuitBuilder<F, D> {
             arithmetic_results: HashMap::new(),
             targets_to_constants: HashMap::new(),
             batched_gates: BatchedGates::new(),
+            current_slots: HashMap::new(),
         };
         builder.check_config();
         builder
@@ -189,7 +192,7 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> CircuitBuilder<F, D> {
     }
 
     /// Adds a gate to the circuit, and returns its index.
-    pub fn add_gate<G: Gate<F, D>>(&mut self, gate_type: G, constants: Vec<F>) -> usize {
+    pub fn add_gate<G: BatchableGate<F, D>>(&mut self, gate_type: G, constants: Vec<F>) -> usize {
         self.check_gate_compatibility(&gate_type);
         assert_eq!(
             gate_type.num_constants(),