diff --git a/evm/src/cpu/bootstrap_kernel.rs b/evm/src/cpu/bootstrap_kernel.rs
index bb0e2be9..af307a28 100644
--- a/evm/src/cpu/bootstrap_kernel.rs
+++ b/evm/src/cpu/bootstrap_kernel.rs
@@ -17,7 +17,6 @@ use crate::cpu::kernel::aggregator::KERNEL;
 use crate::cpu::kernel::keccak_util::keccakf_u32s;
 use crate::cpu::public_inputs::NUM_PUBLIC_INPUTS;
 use crate::generation::state::GenerationState;
-use crate::memory;
 use crate::memory::segments::Segment;
 use crate::memory::NUM_CHANNELS;
 use crate::vars::{StarkEvaluationTargets, StarkEvaluationVars};
@@ -50,11 +49,8 @@ pub(crate) fn generate_bootstrap_kernel<F: Field>(state: &mut GenerationState<F>
         // Write this chunk to memory, while simultaneously packing its bytes into a u32 word.
         let mut packed_bytes: u32 = 0;
         for (addr, byte) in chunk {
-            let mut value = [F::ZERO; memory::VALUE_LIMBS];
-            value[0] = F::from_canonical_u8(byte);
-
             let channel = addr % NUM_CHANNELS;
-            state.set_mem_current(channel, Segment::Code, addr, value);
+            state.set_mem_current(channel, Segment::Code, addr, byte.into());
 
             packed_bytes = (packed_bytes << 8) | byte as u32;
         }
diff --git a/evm/src/generation/memory.rs b/evm/src/generation/memory.rs
index 2ef46d15..0b80756a 100644
--- a/evm/src/generation/memory.rs
+++ b/evm/src/generation/memory.rs
@@ -1,19 +1,18 @@
-use plonky2::field::types::Field;
+use ethereum_types::U256;
 
 use crate::memory::memory_stark::MemoryOp;
 use crate::memory::segments::Segment;
-use crate::memory::VALUE_LIMBS;
 
 #[allow(unused)] // TODO: Should be used soon.
 #[derive(Debug)]
-pub(crate) struct MemoryState<F: Field> {
+pub(crate) struct MemoryState {
     /// A log of each memory operation, in the order that it occurred.
-    pub log: Vec<MemoryOp<F>>,
+    pub log: Vec<MemoryOp>,
 
-    pub contexts: Vec<MemoryContextState<F>>,
+    pub contexts: Vec<MemoryContextState>,
 }
 
-impl<F: Field> Default for MemoryState<F> {
+impl Default for MemoryState {
     fn default() -> Self {
         Self {
             log: vec![],
@@ -24,28 +23,27 @@ impl<F: Field> Default for MemoryState<F> {
 }
 
 #[derive(Default, Debug)]
-pub(crate) struct MemoryContextState<F: Field> {
+pub(crate) struct MemoryContextState {
     /// The content of each memory segment.
-    pub segments: [MemorySegmentState<F>; Segment::COUNT],
+    pub segments: [MemorySegmentState; Segment::COUNT],
 }
 
 #[derive(Default, Debug)]
-pub(crate) struct MemorySegmentState<F: Field> {
-    pub content: Vec<[F; VALUE_LIMBS]>,
+pub(crate) struct MemorySegmentState {
+    pub content: Vec<U256>,
 }
 
-impl<F: Field> MemorySegmentState<F> {
-    pub(super) fn get(&self, virtual_addr: usize) -> [F; VALUE_LIMBS] {
+impl MemorySegmentState {
+    pub(super) fn get(&self, virtual_addr: usize) -> U256 {
         self.content
             .get(virtual_addr)
             .copied()
-            .unwrap_or([F::ZERO; VALUE_LIMBS])
+            .unwrap_or(U256::zero())
     }
 
-    pub(super) fn set(&mut self, virtual_addr: usize, value: [F; VALUE_LIMBS]) {
+    pub(super) fn set(&mut self, virtual_addr: usize, value: U256) {
         if virtual_addr + 1 > self.content.len() {
-            self.content
-                .resize(virtual_addr + 1, [F::ZERO; VALUE_LIMBS]);
+            self.content.resize(virtual_addr + 1, U256::zero());
         }
         self.content[virtual_addr] = value;
     }
diff --git a/evm/src/generation/state.rs b/evm/src/generation/state.rs
index c5a6bbc4..46ccc4e3 100644
--- a/evm/src/generation/state.rs
+++ b/evm/src/generation/state.rs
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ pub(crate) struct GenerationState<F: Field> {
     pub(crate) current_cpu_row: CpuColumnsView<F>,
 
     pub(crate) current_context: usize,
-    pub(crate) memory: MemoryState<F>,
+    pub(crate) memory: MemoryState,
 
     pub(crate) keccak_inputs: Vec<[u64; keccak::keccak_stark::NUM_INPUTS]>,
     pub(crate) logic_ops: Vec<logic::Operation>,
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ impl<F: Field> GenerationState<F> {
         channel_index: usize,
         segment: Segment,
         virt: usize,
-    ) -> [F; crate::memory::VALUE_LIMBS] {
+    ) -> U256 {
         let timestamp = self.cpu_rows.len();
         let context = self.current_context;
         let value = self.memory.contexts[context].segments[segment as usize].get(virt);
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ impl<F: Field> GenerationState<F> {
         channel_index: usize,
         segment: Segment,
         virt: usize,
-        value: [F; crate::memory::VALUE_LIMBS],
+        value: U256,
     ) {
         let timestamp = self.cpu_rows.len();
         let context = self.current_context;
diff --git a/evm/src/memory/columns.rs b/evm/src/memory/columns.rs
index 5f6c3911..7229a834 100644
--- a/evm/src/memory/columns.rs
+++ b/evm/src/memory/columns.rs
@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@ pub(crate) const ADDR_CONTEXT: usize = IS_READ + 1;
 pub(crate) const ADDR_SEGMENT: usize = ADDR_CONTEXT + 1;
 pub(crate) const ADDR_VIRTUAL: usize = ADDR_SEGMENT + 1;
 
-// Eight limbs to hold up to a 256-bit value.
+// Eight 32-bit limbs hold a total of 256 bits.
+// If a value represents an integer, it is little-endian encoded.
 const VALUE_START: usize = ADDR_VIRTUAL + 1;
 pub(crate) const fn value_limb(i: usize) -> usize {
     debug_assert!(i < VALUE_LIMBS);
diff --git a/evm/src/memory/memory_stark.rs b/evm/src/memory/memory_stark.rs
index 843dfc2f..82e10869 100644
--- a/evm/src/memory/memory_stark.rs
+++ b/evm/src/memory/memory_stark.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 use std::marker::PhantomData;
 
+use ethereum_types::U256;
 use itertools::Itertools;
 use plonky2::field::extension::{Extendable, FieldExtension};
 use plonky2::field::packed::PackedField;
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ pub struct MemoryStark<F, const D: usize> {
 }
 
 #[derive(Clone, Debug)]
-pub(crate) struct MemoryOp<F> {
+pub(crate) struct MemoryOp {
     /// The channel this operation came from, or `None` if it's a dummy operation for padding.
     pub channel_index: Option<usize>,
     pub timestamp: usize,
@@ -53,15 +54,15 @@ pub(crate) struct MemoryOp<F> {
     pub context: usize,
     pub segment: Segment,
     pub virt: usize,
-    pub value: [F; 8],
+    pub value: U256,
 }
 
-impl<F: Field> MemoryOp<F> {
+impl MemoryOp {
     /// Generate a row for a given memory operation. Note that this does not generate columns which
     /// depend on the next operation, such as `CONTEXT_FIRST_CHANGE`; those are generated later.
     /// It also does not generate columns such as `COUNTER`, which are generated later, after the
     /// trace has been transposed into column-major form.
-    fn to_row(&self) -> [F; NUM_COLUMNS] {
+    fn to_row<F: Field>(&self) -> [F; NUM_COLUMNS] {
         let mut row = [F::ZERO; NUM_COLUMNS];
         if let Some(channel) = self.channel_index {
             row[is_channel(channel)] = F::ONE;
@@ -72,13 +73,13 @@ impl<F: Field> MemoryOp<F> {
         row[ADDR_SEGMENT] = F::from_canonical_usize(self.segment as usize);
         row[ADDR_VIRTUAL] = F::from_canonical_usize(self.virt);
         for j in 0..VALUE_LIMBS {
-            row[value_limb(j)] = self.value[j];
+            row[value_limb(j)] = F::from_canonical_u32((self.value >> (j * 32)).low_u32());
         }
         row
     }
 }
 
-fn get_max_range_check<F: Field>(memory_ops: &[MemoryOp<F>]) -> usize {
+fn get_max_range_check(memory_ops: &[MemoryOp]) -> usize {
     memory_ops
         .iter()
         .tuple_windows()
@@ -142,7 +143,7 @@ pub fn generate_first_change_flags_and_rc<F: RichField>(trace_rows: &mut [[F; NU
 impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MemoryStark<F, D> {
     /// Generate most of the trace rows. Excludes a few columns like `COUNTER`, which are generated
     /// later, after transposing to column-major form.
-    fn generate_trace_row_major(&self, mut memory_ops: Vec<MemoryOp<F>>) -> Vec<[F; NUM_COLUMNS]> {
+    fn generate_trace_row_major(&self, mut memory_ops: Vec<MemoryOp>) -> Vec<[F; NUM_COLUMNS]> {
         memory_ops.sort_by_key(|op| (op.context, op.segment, op.virt, op.timestamp));
 
         Self::pad_memory_ops(&mut memory_ops);
@@ -167,7 +168,7 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MemoryStark<F, D> {
         trace_col_vecs[COUNTER_PERMUTED] = permuted_table;
     }
 
-    fn pad_memory_ops(memory_ops: &mut Vec<MemoryOp<F>>) {
+    fn pad_memory_ops(memory_ops: &mut Vec<MemoryOp>) {
         let num_ops = memory_ops.len();
         let max_range_check = get_max_range_check(memory_ops);
         let num_ops_padded = num_ops.max(max_range_check + 1).next_power_of_two();
@@ -190,7 +191,7 @@ impl<F: RichField + Extendable<D>, const D: usize> MemoryStark<F, D> {
         }
     }
 
-    pub(crate) fn generate_trace(&self, memory_ops: Vec<MemoryOp<F>>) -> Vec<PolynomialValues<F>> {
+    pub(crate) fn generate_trace(&self, memory_ops: Vec<MemoryOp>) -> Vec<PolynomialValues<F>> {
         let mut timing = TimingTree::new("generate trace", log::Level::Debug);
 
         // Generate most of the trace in row-major form.
@@ -463,7 +464,7 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
     use std::collections::{HashMap, HashSet};
 
     use anyhow::Result;
-    use plonky2::hash::hash_types::RichField;
+    use ethereum_types::U256;
     use plonky2::plonk::config::{GenericConfig, PoseidonGoldilocksConfig};
     use rand::prelude::SliceRandom;
     use rand::Rng;
@@ -473,13 +474,10 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
     use crate::memory::NUM_CHANNELS;
     use crate::stark_testing::{test_stark_circuit_constraints, test_stark_low_degree};
 
-    pub(crate) fn generate_random_memory_ops<F: RichField, R: Rng>(
-        num_ops: usize,
-        rng: &mut R,
-    ) -> Vec<MemoryOp<F>> {
+    pub(crate) fn generate_random_memory_ops<R: Rng>(num_ops: usize, rng: &mut R) -> Vec<MemoryOp> {
         let mut memory_ops = Vec::new();
 
-        let mut current_memory_values: HashMap<(usize, Segment, usize), [F; 8]> = HashMap::new();
+        let mut current_memory_values: HashMap<(usize, Segment, usize), U256> = HashMap::new();
         let num_cycles = num_ops / 2;
         for clock in 0..num_cycles {
             let mut used_indices = HashSet::new();
@@ -520,12 +518,11 @@ pub(crate) mod tests {
                         virt = rng.gen_range(0..20);
                     }
 
-                    let val: [u32; 8] = rng.gen();
-                    let vals: [F; 8] = val.map(F::from_canonical_u32);
+                    let val = U256(rng.gen());
 
-                    new_writes_this_cycle.insert((context, segment, virt), vals);
+                    new_writes_this_cycle.insert((context, segment, virt), val);
 
-                    (context, segment, virt, vals)
+                    (context, segment, virt, val)
                 };
 
                 let timestamp = clock * NUM_CHANNELS + channel_index;