diff --git a/src/gates/gmimc.rs b/src/gates/gmimc.rs
index 291cab46..221400e0 100644
--- a/src/gates/gmimc.rs
+++ b/src/gates/gmimc.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use crate::field::field::Field;
 use crate::gates::deterministic_gate::DeterministicGate;
 use crate::gates::gate::{Gate, GateRef};
 use crate::generator::{SimpleGenerator, WitnessGenerator2};
-use crate::gmimc::gmimc_permute;
+use crate::gmimc::{gmimc_permute_array, gmimc_permute};
 use crate::target::Target2;
 use crate::wire::Wire;
 use crate::witness::PartialWitness;
diff --git a/src/gmimc.rs b/src/gmimc.rs
index 2e5ede16..9013a2b7 100644
--- a/src/gmimc.rs
+++ b/src/gmimc.rs
@@ -13,6 +13,30 @@ pub fn gmimc_compress<F: Field, const R: usize>(a: [F; 4], b: [F; 4], constants:
     [state_1[0], state_1[1], state_1[2], state_1[3]]
 }
 
+/// Like `gmimc_permute`, but takes constants as an owned array. May be faster.
+#[unroll_for_loops]
+pub fn gmimc_permute_array<F: Field, const W: usize, const R: usize>(
+    mut xs: [F; W],
+    constants: [u64; R],
+) -> [F; W] {
+    // Value that is implicitly added to each element.
+    // See https://affine.group/2020/02/starkware-challenge
+    let mut addition_buffer = F::ZERO;
+
+    for r in 0..R {
+        let active = r % W;
+        let f = (xs[active] + addition_buffer + F::from_canonical_u64(constants[r])).cube();
+        addition_buffer += f;
+        xs[active] -= f;
+    }
+
+    for i in 0..W {
+        xs[i] += addition_buffer;
+    }
+
+    xs
+}
+
 #[unroll_for_loops]
 pub fn gmimc_permute<F: Field, const W: usize, const R: usize>(
     mut xs: [F; W],
@@ -57,18 +81,29 @@ pub fn gmimc_permute_naive<F: Field, const W: usize, const R: usize>(
 #[cfg(test)]
 mod tests {
     use crate::field::crandall_field::CrandallField;
-    use crate::field::Field;
+    use crate::field::field::Field;
     use crate::gmimc::{gmimc_permute, gmimc_permute_naive};
+    use std::sync::Arc;
 
     #[test]
     fn consistency() {
         type F = CrandallField;
-        let mut xs = [F::ZERO; 12];
-        for i in 0..12 {
+        const W: usize = 12;
+        const R: usize = 101;
+
+        let mut constants = [F::ZERO; R];
+        for i in 0..R {
+            constants[i] = F::from_canonical_usize(i);
+        }
+        let constants = Arc::new(constants);
+
+        let mut xs = [F::ZERO; W];
+        for i in 0..W {
             xs[i] = F::from_canonical_usize(i);
         }
-        let out = gmimc_permute::<_, _, 108>(xs);
-        let out_naive = gmimc_permute_naive::<_, _, 108>(xs);
+
+        let out = gmimc_permute::<F, W, R>(xs, constants.clone());
+        let out_naive = gmimc_permute_naive::<F, W, R>(xs, constants);
         assert_eq!(out, out_naive);
     }
 }
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index c6e416bf..e5188d89 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -53,12 +53,10 @@ fn bench_gmimc<F: Field>() {
     for i in 0..GMIMC_ROUNDS {
         constants[i] = F::from_canonical_u64(GMIMC_CONSTANTS[i]);
     }
-    let constants = Arc::new(constants);
 
     let threads = 12;
     let hashes_per_poly = 1 << (13 + 3);
     let threads = (0..threads).map(|_i| {
-        let constants = constants.clone();
         thread::spawn(move || {
             let mut x = [F::ZERO; 12];
             for i in 0..12 {
@@ -68,7 +66,7 @@ fn bench_gmimc<F: Field>() {
             let hashes_per_thread = hashes_per_poly * PROVER_POLYS / threads;
             let start = Instant::now();
             for _ in 0..hashes_per_thread {
-                x = gmimc::gmimc_permute::<_, 12, GMIMC_ROUNDS>(x, constants.clone());
+                x = gmimc::gmimc_permute_array::<_, 12, GMIMC_ROUNDS>(x, GMIMC_CONSTANTS);
             }
             let duration = start.elapsed();
             println!("took {:?}", duration);