diff --git a/field/Cargo.toml b/field/Cargo.toml
index 748b65ac..1a72bd6c 100644
--- a/field/Cargo.toml
+++ b/field/Cargo.toml
@@ -4,12 +4,16 @@ description = "Finite field arithmetic"
 version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2021"
 
+[features]
+default = ["rand"]
+rand = ["dep:rand"]
+
 [dependencies]
 plonky2_util = { path = "../util" }
 anyhow = "1.0.40"
 itertools = "0.10.0"
 num = { version = "0.4", features = [ "rand" ] }
-rand = "0.8.4"
+rand = { optional = true, version = "0.8.4" }
 serde = { version = "1.0", features = ["derive"] }
 unroll = "0.1.5"
 static_assertions = "1.1.0"
diff --git a/field/src/extension/quadratic.rs b/field/src/extension/quadratic.rs
index 5789ecc1..d68df42e 100644
--- a/field/src/extension/quadratic.rs
+++ b/field/src/extension/quadratic.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ use std::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Div, DivAssign, Mul, MulAssign, Neg, Sub, SubAssi
 
 use num::bigint::BigUint;
 use num::Integer;
-use rand::Rng;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::extension::{Extendable, FieldExtension, Frobenius, OEF};
@@ -103,7 +102,8 @@ impl<F: Extendable<2>> Field for QuadraticExtension<F> {
         F::from_noncanonical_u128(n).into()
     }
 
-    fn rand_from_rng<R: Rng>(rng: &mut R) -> Self {
+    #[cfg(feature = "rand")]
+    fn rand_from_rng<R: rand::Rng>(rng: &mut R) -> Self {
         Self([F::rand_from_rng(rng), F::rand_from_rng(rng)])
     }
 }
diff --git a/field/src/extension/quartic.rs b/field/src/extension/quartic.rs
index ed8006f2..fc0cbcf8 100644
--- a/field/src/extension/quartic.rs
+++ b/field/src/extension/quartic.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ use std::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Div, DivAssign, Mul, MulAssign, Neg, Sub, SubAssi
 use num::bigint::BigUint;
 use num::traits::Pow;
 use num::Integer;
-use rand::Rng;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::extension::{Extendable, FieldExtension, Frobenius, OEF};
@@ -115,7 +114,8 @@ impl<F: Extendable<4>> Field for QuarticExtension<F> {
         F::from_noncanonical_u128(n).into()
     }
 
-    fn rand_from_rng<R: Rng>(rng: &mut R) -> Self {
+    #[cfg(feature = "rand")]
+    fn rand_from_rng<R: rand::Rng>(rng: &mut R) -> Self {
         Self::from_basefield_array([
             F::rand_from_rng(rng),
             F::rand_from_rng(rng),
diff --git a/field/src/extension/quintic.rs b/field/src/extension/quintic.rs
index 7a992b7d..564674c3 100644
--- a/field/src/extension/quintic.rs
+++ b/field/src/extension/quintic.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@ use std::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Div, DivAssign, Mul, MulAssign, Neg, Sub, SubAssi
 
 use num::bigint::BigUint;
 use num::traits::Pow;
-use rand::Rng;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::extension::{Extendable, FieldExtension, Frobenius, OEF};
@@ -112,7 +111,8 @@ impl<F: Extendable<5>> Field for QuinticExtension<F> {
         F::from_noncanonical_u128(n).into()
     }
 
-    fn rand_from_rng<R: Rng>(rng: &mut R) -> Self {
+    #[cfg(feature = "rand")]
+    fn rand_from_rng<R: rand::Rng>(rng: &mut R) -> Self {
         Self::from_basefield_array([
             F::rand_from_rng(rng),
             F::rand_from_rng(rng),
diff --git a/field/src/goldilocks_field.rs b/field/src/goldilocks_field.rs
index 545d515a..c5075b5d 100644
--- a/field/src/goldilocks_field.rs
+++ b/field/src/goldilocks_field.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ use std::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Div, DivAssign, Mul, MulAssign, Neg, Sub, SubAssi
 
 use num::{BigUint, Integer};
 use plonky2_util::{assume, branch_hint};
-use rand::Rng;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::inversion::try_inverse_u64;
@@ -105,7 +104,8 @@ impl Field for GoldilocksField {
         reduce128(n)
     }
 
-    fn rand_from_rng<R: Rng>(rng: &mut R) -> Self {
+    #[cfg(feature = "rand")]
+    fn rand_from_rng<R: rand::Rng>(rng: &mut R) -> Self {
         Self::from_canonical_u64(rng.gen_range(0..Self::ORDER))
     }
 
diff --git a/field/src/secp256k1_base.rs b/field/src/secp256k1_base.rs
index 9dd41a5d..9e39b982 100644
--- a/field/src/secp256k1_base.rs
+++ b/field/src/secp256k1_base.rs
@@ -5,9 +5,8 @@ use std::iter::{Product, Sum};
 use std::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Div, DivAssign, Mul, MulAssign, Neg, Sub, SubAssign};
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use num::bigint::{BigUint, RandBigInt};
+use num::bigint::BigUint;
 use num::{Integer, One};
-use rand::Rng;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::types::{Field, PrimeField};
@@ -133,7 +132,9 @@ impl Field for Secp256K1Base {
         Self([n.0, n.1 as u64, 0, 0])
     }
 
-    fn rand_from_rng<R: Rng>(rng: &mut R) -> Self {
+    #[cfg(feature = "rand")]
+    fn rand_from_rng<R: rand::Rng>(rng: &mut R) -> Self {
+        use num::bigint::RandBigInt;
         Self::from_biguint(rng.gen_biguint_below(&Self::order()))
     }
 }
diff --git a/field/src/secp256k1_scalar.rs b/field/src/secp256k1_scalar.rs
index ec1ad19e..eea67fab 100644
--- a/field/src/secp256k1_scalar.rs
+++ b/field/src/secp256k1_scalar.rs
@@ -6,9 +6,8 @@ use std::iter::{Product, Sum};
 use std::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Div, DivAssign, Mul, MulAssign, Neg, Sub, SubAssign};
 
 use itertools::Itertools;
-use num::bigint::{BigUint, RandBigInt};
+use num::bigint::BigUint;
 use num::{Integer, One};
-use rand::Rng;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::types::{Field, PrimeField};
@@ -142,7 +141,9 @@ impl Field for Secp256K1Scalar {
         Self([n.0, n.1 as u64, 0, 0])
     }
 
-    fn rand_from_rng<R: Rng>(rng: &mut R) -> Self {
+    #[cfg(feature = "rand")]
+    fn rand_from_rng<R: rand::Rng>(rng: &mut R) -> Self {
+        use num::bigint::RandBigInt;
         Self::from_biguint(rng.gen_biguint_below(&Self::order()))
     }
 }
diff --git a/field/src/types.rs b/field/src/types.rs
index 81945e5a..b7335704 100644
--- a/field/src/types.rs
+++ b/field/src/types.rs
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ use std::ops::{Add, AddAssign, Div, DivAssign, Mul, MulAssign, Neg, Sub, SubAssi
 use num::bigint::BigUint;
 use num::{Integer, One, ToPrimitive, Zero};
 use plonky2_util::bits_u64;
-use rand::Rng;
 use serde::de::DeserializeOwned;
 use serde::Serialize;
 
@@ -312,7 +311,8 @@ pub trait Field:
         Self::from_noncanonical_u128(n)
     }
 
-    fn rand_from_rng<R: Rng>(rng: &mut R) -> Self;
+    #[cfg(feature = "rand")]
+    fn rand_from_rng<R: rand::Rng>(rng: &mut R) -> Self;
 
     fn exp_power_of_2(&self, power_log: usize) -> Self {
         let mut res = *self;
@@ -391,14 +391,17 @@ pub trait Field:
         }
     }
 
+    #[cfg(feature = "rand")]
     fn rand() -> Self {
         Self::rand_from_rng(&mut rand::thread_rng())
     }
 
+    #[cfg(feature = "rand")]
     fn rand_arr<const N: usize>() -> [Self; N] {
         Self::rand_vec(N).try_into().unwrap()
     }
 
+    #[cfg(feature = "rand")]
     fn rand_vec(n: usize) -> Vec<Self> {
         (0..n).map(|_| Self::rand()).collect()
     }
diff --git a/plonky2/Cargo.toml b/plonky2/Cargo.toml
index 9ee89344..ae94f780 100644
--- a/plonky2/Cargo.toml
+++ b/plonky2/Cargo.toml
@@ -11,8 +11,11 @@ edition = "2021"
 default-run = "generate_constants"
 
 [features]
-default = ["parallel"]
+default = ["parallel", "rand", "rand_chacha", "gate_testing"]
 parallel = ["maybe_rayon/parallel"]
+rand = ["dep:rand", "plonky2_field/rand"]
+gate_testing = ["rand"]
+rand_chacha = ["dep:rand_chacha"]
 
 [dependencies]
 plonky2_field = { path = "../field" }
@@ -21,8 +24,8 @@ env_logger = "0.9.0"
 log = "0.4.14"
 itertools = "0.10.0"
 num = { version = "0.4", features = [ "rand" ] }
-rand = "0.8.4"
-rand_chacha = "0.3.1"
+rand = { version = "0.8.4", optional = true }
+rand_chacha = { version = "0.3.1", optional = true }
 maybe_rayon = { path = "../maybe_rayon" }
 unroll = "0.1.5"
 anyhow = "1.0.40"
@@ -32,6 +35,8 @@ keccak-hash = "0.8.0"
 static_assertions = "1.1.0"
 
 [dev-dependencies]
+rand = "0.8.4"
+rand_chacha = "0.3.1"
 criterion = "0.3.5"
 tynm = "0.1.6"
 structopt = "0.3.26"
@@ -41,6 +46,10 @@ rayon = "1.5.1"
 [target.'cfg(not(target_env = "msvc"))'.dev-dependencies]
 jemallocator = "0.3.2"
 
+[[bin]]
+name = "generate_constants"
+required-features = ["rand", "rand_chacha"]
+
 [[bench]]
 name = "field_arithmetic"
 harness = false
diff --git a/plonky2/src/gates/mod.rs b/plonky2/src/gates/mod.rs
index 786ba12c..df65b44c 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/gates/mod.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/gates/mod.rs
@@ -24,4 +24,5 @@ pub mod util;
 
 // Can't use #[cfg(test)] here because it needs to be visible to other crates.
 // See https://github.com/rust-lang/cargo/issues/8379
+#[cfg(any(feature = "gate_testing", test))]
 pub mod gate_testing;
diff --git a/plonky2/src/hash/hash_types.rs b/plonky2/src/hash/hash_types.rs
index 281930a5..14303ad3 100644
--- a/plonky2/src/hash/hash_types.rs
+++ b/plonky2/src/hash/hash_types.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 use plonky2_field::goldilocks_field::GoldilocksField;
 use plonky2_field::types::{Field, PrimeField64};
-use rand::Rng;
 use serde::{Deserialize, Deserializer, Serialize, Serializer};
 
 use crate::hash::poseidon::Poseidon;
@@ -37,7 +36,8 @@ impl<F: Field> HashOut<F> {
         Self { elements }
     }
 
-    pub fn rand_from_rng<R: Rng>(rng: &mut R) -> Self {
+    #[cfg(feature = "parallel")]
+    pub fn rand_from_rng<R: rand::Rng>(rng: &mut R) -> Self {
         Self {
             elements: [
                 F::rand_from_rng(rng),
@@ -115,12 +115,14 @@ pub struct MerkleCapTarget(pub Vec<HashOutTarget>);
 pub struct BytesHash<const N: usize>(pub [u8; N]);
 
 impl<const N: usize> BytesHash<N> {
-    pub fn rand_from_rng<R: Rng>(rng: &mut R) -> Self {
+    #[cfg(feature = "parallel")]
+    pub fn rand_from_rng<R: rand::Rng>(rng: &mut R) -> Self {
         let mut buf = [0; N];
         rng.fill_bytes(&mut buf);
         Self(buf)
     }
 
+    #[cfg(feature = "rand")]
     pub fn rand() -> Self {
         Self::rand_from_rng(&mut rand::thread_rng())
     }