diff --git a/codexvalidator/signatures.nim b/codexvalidator/signatures.nim
index 0143b3b..1a4d786 100644
--- a/codexvalidator/signatures.nim
+++ b/codexvalidator/signatures.nim
@@ -1,28 +1,7 @@
-import pkg/blscurve
-import pkg/nimcrypto
-import ./hashing
+import ./signatures/identity
+import ./signatures/signing
+import ./signatures/signed
 
-export blscurve.Signature
-export blscurve.sign
-export blscurve.verify
-
-type
-  Identity* = SecretKey
-  Identifier* = PublicKey
-
-proc random*(_: type Identity, identity: var Identity) =
-  var randomness: array[32, byte]
-  var done = false
-  while not done:
-    doAssert randomBytes(randomness) == randomness.len
-    done = fromBytes(identity, randomness)
-  burnMem(randomness)
-
-func identifier*(identity: Identity): Identifier =
-  doAssert publicFromSecret(result, identity)
-
-func sign*(identity: Identity, hash: Hash): Signature =
-  identity.sign(hash.data)
-
-func verify*(signature: Signature, identifier: Identifier, hash: Hash): bool =
-  identifier.verify(hash.toBytes(), signature)
+export identity
+export signing
+export signed
diff --git a/codexvalidator/signatures/identity.nim b/codexvalidator/signatures/identity.nim
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..86268a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codexvalidator/signatures/identity.nim
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+import pkg/blscurve
+import pkg/nimcrypto
+
+type
+  Identity* = SecretKey
+  Identifier* = PublicKey
+
+proc random*(_: type Identity, identity: var Identity) =
+  var randomness: array[32, byte]
+  var done = false
+  while not done:
+    doAssert randomBytes(randomness) == randomness.len
+    done = fromBytes(identity, randomness)
+  burnMem(randomness)
+
+func identifier*(identity: Identity): Identifier =
+  doAssert publicFromSecret(result, identity)
diff --git a/codexvalidator/signatures/signed.nim b/codexvalidator/signatures/signed.nim
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e61fe5a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codexvalidator/signatures/signed.nim
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+import ../hashing
+import ./identity
+import ./signing
+
+type Signed*[T] = object
+  value: T
+  signer: Identifier
+  signature: Signature
+
+func init*[T](
+  _: type Signed[T],
+  value: T,
+  signer: Identifier,
+  signature: Signature
+): Signed[T] =
+  Signed[T](
+    value: value,
+    signer: signer,
+    signature: signature
+  )
+
+func sign*[T](_: type Signed, identity: Identity, value: T): Signed[T] =
+  mixin hash
+  let hash: Hash = value.hash
+  let signature = identity.sign(hash.toBytes())
+  Signed[T].init(value, identity.identifier, signature)
+
+func value*[T](signed: Signed[T]): T =
+  signed.value
+
+func signer*(signed: Signed): Identifier =
+  signed.signer
+
+func signature*(signed: Signed): Signature =
+  signed.signature
+
+func verifySignature*(signed: Signed): bool =
+  mixin hash
+  let hash: Hash = signed.value.hash
+  signed.signer.verify(hash.toBytes(), signed.signature)
diff --git a/codexvalidator/signatures/signing.nim b/codexvalidator/signatures/signing.nim
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b0c07b1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/codexvalidator/signatures/signing.nim
@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+import pkg/blscurve
+import ../hashing
+import ./identity
+
+export blscurve.Signature
+export blscurve.sign
+export blscurve.verify
+
+func sign*(identity: Identity, hash: Hash): Signature =
+  blscurve.sign(identity, hash.toBytes())
+
+func verify*(signature: Signature, identifier: Identifier, hash: Hash): bool =
+  blscurve.verify(identifier, hash.toBytes(), signature)
diff --git a/codexvalidator/transaction.nim b/codexvalidator/transaction.nim
index b9d5029..3556a9c 100644
--- a/codexvalidator/transaction.nim
+++ b/codexvalidator/transaction.nim
@@ -1,10 +1,8 @@
 import ./transaction/transaction
 import ./transaction/serialization
 import ./transaction/hashing
-import ./transaction/signed
 
 export transaction except hash
 export serialization.toBytes
 export hashing.hash
 export hashing.toBytes
-export signed
diff --git a/codexvalidator/transaction/signed.nim b/codexvalidator/transaction/signed.nim
deleted file mode 100644
index 84a5519..0000000
--- a/codexvalidator/transaction/signed.nim
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-import ../signatures
-import ./transaction
-import ./hashing
-
-type SignedTransaction* = object
-  transaction: Transaction
-  signer: Identifier
-  signature: Signature
-
-func init*(
-  _: type SignedTransaction,
-  transaction: Transaction,
-  signer: Identifier,
-  signature: Signature
-): SignedTransaction =
-  SignedTransaction(
-    transaction: transaction,
-    signer: signer,
-    signature: signature
-  )
-
-func sign*(identity: Identity, transaction: Transaction): SignedTransaction =
-  let hash = hashing.hash(transaction)
-  let signature = identity.sign(hash.toBytes())
-  SignedTransaction.init(transaction, identity.identifier, signature)
-
-func transaction*(signed: SignedTransaction): Transaction =
-  signed.transaction
-
-func signer*(signed: SignedTransaction): Identifier =
-  signed.signer
-
-func signature*(signed: SignedTransaction): Signature =
-  signed.signature
-
-func verifySignature*(signed: SignedTransaction): bool =
-  let hash = hashing.hash(signed.transaction)
-  signed.signer.verify(hash.toBytes(), signed.signature)
diff --git a/tests/codexvalidator/transaction/testSigning.nim b/tests/codexvalidator/transaction/testSigning.nim
index 0ee1a21..3b61c4d 100644
--- a/tests/codexvalidator/transaction/testSigning.nim
+++ b/tests/codexvalidator/transaction/testSigning.nim
@@ -8,16 +8,16 @@ suite "Transaction signing":
   test "transactions can be signed":
     let identity = Identity.example
     let transaction = Transaction.example
-    let signed = identity.sign(transaction)
-    check signed.transaction == transaction
+    let signed = Signed.sign(identity, transaction)
+    check signed.value == transaction
     check signed.signer == identity.identifier
     check signed.signature == identity.sign(transaction.hash.toBytes())
 
   test "transaction signature can be verified":
     let identity = Identity.example
     let transaction = Transaction.example
-    let signed = identity.sign(transaction)
+    let signed = Signed.sign(identity, transaction)
     check signed.verifySignature()
     let forger = Identity.example.identifier
-    let forged = SignedTransaction.init(transaction, forger, signed.signature)
+    let forged = Signed.init(transaction, forger, signed.signature)
     check not forged.verifySignature()