docs: complete the README workflow story (#121)

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@ -7,6 +7,14 @@ worker thread, a request channel, CBOR (de)serialization, an event queue and a
context/handle registry — and generates the foreign-language bindings for you.
No hand-written `.h` files, no manual request enums, no shared-memory plumbing.
## Install
Add nim-ffi to your library's `.nimble`, then `import ffi`:
```nim
requires "https://github.com/logos-messaging/nim-ffi >= 0.2.0"
```
## Mental model
- You **declare a library** once with `declareLibrary(name, LibType)`.
@ -83,6 +91,27 @@ Every `{.ffi.}` / `{.ffiCtor.}` proc must have an explicit
`return ok(...)` without awaiting). The `Result`'s error string is delivered to
the foreign caller as the failure message.
### Request timeouts
Every handler runs under a deadline. The default is `DefaultRequestTimeout`
(5s, `ffi/ffi_context.nim`), applied to every proc so a wedged handler can't
hang a foreign caller forever. On trip the caller is unblocked with an `ffi
request timed out after <n>ms` error; the handler is **not** cancelled — a
hard cancel mid-call into the underlying library can leave it half-applied — so
it keeps running, and the caller's callback still fires exactly once.
Raise or lower the deadline per proc with a `"timeout = <ms>"` spec, parsed
like the `abi = ...` spec below:
```nim
proc slowOp*(
c: Counter, req: BumpRequest
): Future[Result[BumpResponse, string]] {.ffi: "timeout = 30000".} =
...
```
The timeout is runtime-only; binding codegen ignores it.
### Events
An event is a proc with an empty body annotated `{.ffiEvent.}`. You fire it by
@ -107,9 +136,30 @@ you need a name that differs from the proc.
### ABI format
The default wire format is `cbor`. Override the library default with
`declareLibrary("lib", Lib, defaultABIFormat = "c")`, or per annotation with an
`"abi = ..."` spec, e.g. `{.ffi: "abi = c".}`.
The wire format is chosen **in code**, never by a compile flag. Override the
library default with `declareLibrary("lib", Lib, defaultABIFormat = "c")`, or
per annotation with an `"abi = ..."` spec, e.g. `{.ffi: "abi = c".}`. The
`-d:targetLang` flag (below) picks which *language* the bindings are emitted
for; it does not change the wire.
`cbor` is the default and fully-supported format: every proc, ctor, dtor and
event serializes through the generic CBOR path, and all binding generators emit
working callers for it.
`abi = c` is a newer, flat C-struct wire (no CBOR round-trip). Callers for it
are emitted only by the dedicated `c_abi` generator (`-d:targetLang=c_abi`). It
carries two honest limits today:
- **Events are CBOR-only.** Applying `abi = c` to an `{.ffiEvent.}` proc is a
hard compile error; declare events with `abi = cbor` (they ride CBOR
internally regardless of the library default).
- **All-scalar `abi = c` procs are dropped from the foreign bindings.** A
`{.ffi: "abi = c".}` method whose every param and return is a plain scalar
takes the CBOR-free scalar fast path at runtime, but the foreign codegen for
that inline-args shape is a follow-up (tracked in #120) — such procs are
omitted from the generated `.h`. Give a proc at least one non-scalar
(struct / `seq` / `Option`) param or return, or use `abi = cbor`, if you need
it in the bindings.
An `abi = c` proc whose whole signature is scalar — fixed-width integer, float,
or bool params (a `string` return is fine, a `string` param is not) and no
@ -133,20 +183,56 @@ once at the bottom of the top-level root file.
An annotation that expands *after* `genBindings()` is now a **compile error**
(previously it was silently dropped from the bindings).
## Generating bindings
## Building — the two-compile model
Binding emission is gated behind `-d:ffiGenBindings`; without it, `genBindings()`
is a no-op and the library just builds normally.
A nim-ffi library ships from **two separate compiles of the same source**,
because binding emission is gated behind `-d:ffiGenBindings`: without that
define `genBindings()` is a no-op, so the normal build just produces the shared
library and nothing else.
**1. Build the shared library** (the artifact your host loads):
```sh
nim c -d:ffiGenBindings -d:targetLang=c \
-d:ffiOutputDir=path/to/output -d:ffiSrcPath=../mylib.nim mylib.nim
nim c --app:lib --noMain --nimMainPrefix:libmylib mylib.nim
```
- `-d:targetLang``rust` (default), `cpp`, `c`, or `cddl`.
**2. Emit the foreign bindings** — same flags, plus the binding defines. This
compile runs the generators as a compile-time side effect and produces no
runnable output, so send the binary to `/dev/null`. The generated files (for
`targetLang=c`/`c_abi`: the `<name>.h` header your host includes, plus a
`CMakeLists.txt`) land in `-d:ffiOutputDir`:
```sh
nim c --app:lib --noMain --nimMainPrefix:libmylib \
-d:ffiGenBindings -d:targetLang=c \
-d:ffiOutputDir=path/to/output -d:ffiSrcPath=../mylib.nim \
-o:/dev/null mylib.nim
```
- `-d:targetLang` — which generator runs. Two kinds:
- **Language bindings over the CBOR wire:** `rust` (default), `cpp`, `c`.
- **Non-peer generators:** `c_abi` — C bindings that speak the flat `abi = c`
wire instead of CBOR; `cddl` — a CDDL schema of the CBOR wire, not a
language binding at all.
- `-d:ffiOutputDir` — where the generated files land.
- `-d:ffiSrcPath` — the Nim source path embedded in the generated build files.
### The `--nimMainPrefix:lib<name>` rule
`--app:lib` builds a shared library; `--noMain` hands program entry to the
foreign host rather than Nim's own `main`. To initialize the Nim runtime,
`declareLibrary("<name>", …)` emits an `initializeLibrary()` export that calls
`lib<name>NimMain()` — the symbol Nim's `NimMain` is renamed to by
`--nimMainPrefix`. So the prefix **must be exactly `lib` + the `declareLibrary`
name**, on *both* compiles above, or the library fails to link. For
`declareLibrary("my_timer", …)` that is `--nimMainPrefix:libmy_timer`.
**Library-naming collisions.** When several nim-ffi libraries are loaded into
one process (as the C++ end-to-end test does with `timer` + `echo`), each must
use a **distinct** library name — and therefore a distinct `--nimMainPrefix`
so their exported `NimMain`, `initializeLibrary` and per-symbol names don't
clash. The example libraries deliberately differ: `libmy_timer` vs `libecho`.
## Examples
- `examples/timer` — a self-contained Nimble project covering the ctor, sync