diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 17e48e0..8e22028 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -260,7 +260,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "hkdf",
  "rand 0.9.3",
  "rand_core 0.6.4",
- "safer-ffi",
  "serde",
  "storage",
  "tempfile",
diff --git a/core/double-ratchets/Cargo.toml b/core/double-ratchets/Cargo.toml
index 747718b..4d9ea08 100644
--- a/core/double-ratchets/Cargo.toml
+++ b/core/double-ratchets/Cargo.toml
@@ -6,10 +6,6 @@ edition = "2024"
 [lib]
 crate-type = ["rlib", "cdylib"]
 
-[[bin]]
-name = "generate-headers"
-required-features = ["headers"]
-
 [dependencies]
 x25519-dalek = { version="2.0.1", features=["static_secrets"] }
 chacha20poly1305 = "0.10.1"
@@ -18,14 +14,10 @@ rand = "0.9.3"
 hkdf = "0.12.4"
 thiserror = "2"
 blake2 = "0.10.6"
-safer-ffi = "0.1.13"
 zeroize = "1.8.2"
 storage = { workspace = true }
 serde = "1.0"
 
-[features]
-headers = ["safer-ffi/headers"]
-
 [dev-dependencies]
 sqlite = { package = "chat-sqlite", path = "../sqlite" }
 tempfile = "3"
diff --git a/core/double-ratchets/ffi-nim-example/ffi_nim_example.nimble b/core/double-ratchets/ffi-nim-example/ffi_nim_example.nimble
deleted file mode 100644
index a89d2a5..0000000
--- a/core/double-ratchets/ffi-nim-example/ffi_nim_example.nimble
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-# Package
-
-version       = "0.1.0"
-author        = "kaichaosun"
-description   = "A new awesome nimble package"
-license       = "MIT"
-srcDir        = "src"
-bin           = @["ffi_nim_example"]
-
-
-# Dependencies
-
-requires "nim >= 2.2.4"
diff --git a/core/double-ratchets/ffi-nim-example/src/ffi_nim_example.nim b/core/double-ratchets/ffi-nim-example/src/ffi_nim_example.nim
deleted file mode 100644
index 2437c43..0000000
--- a/core/double-ratchets/ffi-nim-example/src/ffi_nim_example.nim
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,144 +0,0 @@
-when defined(macosx):
-  {.passL: "-Wl,-rpath,@executable_path/../../target/release".}
-when defined(linux):
-  {.passL: "-Wl,-rpath,'$ORIGIN/../../target/release'".}
-
-# Portable dynlib name with override capability (-d:RLN_LIB:"...")
-when defined(macosx):
-  const DR_LIB* {.strdefine.} = "libdouble_ratchets.dylib"
-elif defined(linux):
-  const DR_LIB* {.strdefine.} = "libdouble_ratchets.so"
-elif defined(windows):
-  const DR_LIB* {.strdefine.} = "double_ratchets.dll"
-else:
-  const DR_LIB* {.strdefine.} = "double_ratchets"
-
-type FFIRatchetState* = object
-
-type FFIEncryptResult* = object
-
-type FFIInstallationKeyPair* = object
-
-type CSize* = csize_t
-
-type Vec_uint8* = object
-  dataPtr*: ptr uint8
-  len*: CSize
-  cap*: CSize
-
-type Array_uint8_32* {.bycopy.} = object
-  idx*: array[32, uint8]
-
-type CResult_Vec_uint8_Vec_uint8* {.bycopy.} = object ##  <No documentation available>
-  ok*: Vec_uint8
-  err*: Vec_uint8
-
-proc double_ratchet_init_receiver*(
-  shared_secret: Array_uint8_32, keypair: ptr FFIInstallationKeyPair
-): ptr FFIRatchetState {.importc, dynlib: DR_LIB.}
-
-proc double_ratchet_init_sender*(
-  shared_secret: Array_uint8_32, remote_pub: Array_uint8_32
-): ptr FFIRatchetState {.importc, dynlib: DR_LIB.}
-
-proc double_ratchet_encrypt_message*(
-  state: ptr FFIRatchetState, plaintext: ptr Vec_uint8
-): ptr FFIEncryptResult {.importc, dynlib: DR_LIB.}
-
-proc double_ratchet_descrypt_message*(
-  state: ptr FFIRatchetState, encrypted: ptr FFIEncryptResult
-): CResult_Vec_uint8_Vec_uint8 {.importc, dynlib: DR_LIB.}
-
-proc ratchet_state_destroy*(state: ptr FFIRatchetState) {.importc, dynlib: DR_LIB.}
-
-proc encrypt_result_destroy*(result: ptr FFIEncryptResult) {.importc, dynlib: DR_LIB.}
-
-proc installation_key_pair_generate*(): ptr FFIInstallationKeyPair {.
-  importc, dynlib: DR_LIB
-.}
-
-proc installation_key_pair_public*(
-  keypair: ptr FFIInstallationKeyPair
-): Array_uint8_32 {.importc, dynlib: DR_LIB.}
-
-proc installation_key_pair_destroy*(
-  keypair: ptr FFIInstallationKeyPair
-) {.importc, dynlib: DR_LIB.}
-
-proc ffi_c_string_free*(s: Vec_uint8) {.importc, cdecl, dynlib: DR_LIB.}
-
-proc asString*(v: Vec_uint8): string =
-  if v.dataPtr.isNil or v.len == 0:
-    return ""
-  result = newString(v.len.int)
-  copyMem(addr result[0], v.dataPtr, v.len.int)
-
-when isMainModule:
-  echo("start run")
-
-  # === Shared secret (like X3DH) ===
-  var sharedSecret: Array_uint8_32
-  for i in 0 .. 31:
-    sharedSecret.idx[i] = 42'u8
-
-  # === Bob generates DH keypair ===
-  let bobKey = installation_key_pair_generate()
-  let bobPub = installation_key_pair_public(bobKey)
-  echo("bob public key:", bobPub)
-
-  # === Alice initializes as sender ===
-  let alice = double_ratchet_init_sender(sharedSecret, bobPub)
-  # # === Bob initializes as receiver ===
-  let bob = double_ratchet_init_receiver(sharedSecret, bobKey)
-
-  # # === Alice sends message to Bob ===
-  var msg1: array[3, uint8] = [11'u8, 12, 13]
-  var msg1Vec = Vec_uint8(
-    dataPtr: cast[ptr uint8](addr msg1[0]), len: CSize(msg1.len), cap: CSize(msg1.len)
-  )
-
-  let enc1 = double_ratchet_encrypt_message(alice, addr msg1Vec)
-  let dec1 = double_ratchet_descrypt_message(bob, enc1)
-
-  encrypt_result_destroy(enc1)
-
-  if dec1.err.dataPtr != nil:
-    echo "Bob failed to decrypt: ", asString(dec1.err)
-    ffi_c_string_free(dec1.err)
-    ratchet_state_destroy(alice)
-    ratchet_state_destroy(bob)
-    installation_key_pair_destroy(bobKey)
-    quit 1
-  let res1 = dec1.ok
-  var plaintext1: array[3, uint8]
-  copyMem(addr plaintext1[0], res1.dataPtr, res1.len.int)
-  echo "Bob received: ", plaintext1
-
-  # # === Bob replies (triggers DH ratchet) ===
-  var msg2: array[3, uint8] = [1'u8, 2, 3]
-  var msg2Vec = Vec_uint8(
-    dataPtr: cast[ptr uint8](addr msg2[0]), len: CSize(msg1.len), cap: CSize(msg1.len)
-  )
-  let enc2 = double_ratchet_encrypt_message(bob, addr msg2Vec)
-  let dec2 = double_ratchet_descrypt_message(alice, enc2)
-
-  encrypt_result_destroy(enc2)
-
-  if dec2.err.dataPtr != nil:
-    echo "Alice failed to decrypt: ", asString(dec2.err)
-    ffi_c_string_free(dec2.err)
-    ratchet_state_destroy(alice)
-    ratchet_state_destroy(bob)
-    installation_key_pair_destroy(bobKey)
-    quit 1
-  let res2 = dec2.ok
-  var plaintext2: array[3, uint8]
-  copyMem(addr plaintext2[0], res2.dataPtr, res2.len.int)
-  echo "Alice received: ", plaintext2
-
-  # # === Cleanup ===
-  ratchet_state_destroy(alice)
-  ratchet_state_destroy(bob)
-  installation_key_pair_destroy(bobKey)
-
-  echo("==end==\n")
diff --git a/core/double-ratchets/src/bin/generate-headers.rs b/core/double-ratchets/src/bin/generate-headers.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index 4c853ea..0000000
--- a/core/double-ratchets/src/bin/generate-headers.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-use double_ratchets::ffi;
-
-fn main() -> std::io::Result<()> {
-    ffi::generate_headers()
-}
diff --git a/core/double-ratchets/src/ffi/doubleratchet.rs b/core/double-ratchets/src/ffi/doubleratchet.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index e09cebd..0000000
--- a/core/double-ratchets/src/ffi/doubleratchet.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-use safer_ffi::prelude::*;
-use x25519_dalek::PublicKey;
-
-use crate::{
-    Header, RatchetState,
-    ffi::{key::FFIInstallationKeyPair, utils::CResult},
-};
-
-#[derive_ReprC]
-#[repr(opaque)]
-pub struct FFIRatchetState(pub(crate) RatchetState);
-
-#[derive_ReprC]
-#[repr(opaque)]
-pub struct FFIEncryptResult {
-    pub ciphertext: Vec<u8>,
-    pub header: Header,
-}
-
-#[ffi_export]
-fn double_ratchet_init_sender(
-    shared_secret: [u8; 32],
-    remote_pub: [u8; 32],
-) -> repr_c::Box<FFIRatchetState> {
-    let state = RatchetState::init_sender(shared_secret, PublicKey::from(remote_pub));
-    Box::new(FFIRatchetState(state)).into()
-}
-
-#[ffi_export]
-fn double_ratchet_init_receiver(
-    shared_secret: [u8; 32],
-    keypair: &FFIInstallationKeyPair,
-) -> repr_c::Box<FFIRatchetState> {
-    let state = RatchetState::init_receiver(shared_secret, keypair.0.clone());
-    Box::new(FFIRatchetState(state)).into()
-}
-
-#[ffi_export]
-fn double_ratchet_encrypt_message(
-    state: &mut FFIRatchetState,
-    plaintext: &repr_c::Vec<u8>,
-) -> repr_c::Box<FFIEncryptResult> {
-    let encrypted = state.0.encrypt_message(plaintext);
-    let result = FFIEncryptResult {
-        ciphertext: encrypted.0,
-        header: encrypted.1,
-    };
-    Box::new(result).into()
-}
-
-//TODO rename decrypt
-#[ffi_export]
-fn double_ratchet_descrypt_message(
-    state: &mut FFIRatchetState,
-    encrypted: &FFIEncryptResult,
-) -> CResult<repr_c::Vec<u8>, repr_c::String> {
-    let decrypted = state
-        .0
-        .decrypt_message(&encrypted.ciphertext, encrypted.header.clone());
-
-    match decrypted {
-        Ok(plaintext) => CResult {
-            ok: Some(plaintext.into()),
-            err: None,
-        },
-        Err(err) => CResult {
-            ok: None,
-            err: Some(err.to_string().into()),
-        },
-    }
-}
-
-#[ffi_export]
-fn ratchet_state_destroy(state: repr_c::Box<FFIRatchetState>) {
-    drop(state)
-}
-
-#[ffi_export]
-fn encrypt_result_destroy(result: repr_c::Box<FFIEncryptResult>) {
-    drop(result)
-}
diff --git a/core/double-ratchets/src/ffi/key.rs b/core/double-ratchets/src/ffi/key.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index ee8a496..0000000
--- a/core/double-ratchets/src/ffi/key.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-use safer_ffi::prelude::*;
-
-use crate::InstallationKeyPair;
-
-#[derive_ReprC]
-#[repr(opaque)]
-pub struct FFIInstallationKeyPair(pub(crate) InstallationKeyPair);
-
-#[ffi_export]
-fn installation_key_pair_generate() -> repr_c::Box<FFIInstallationKeyPair> {
-    Box::new(FFIInstallationKeyPair(InstallationKeyPair::generate())).into()
-}
-
-#[ffi_export]
-fn installation_key_pair_public(keypair: &FFIInstallationKeyPair) -> [u8; 32] {
-    keypair.0.public().clone().to_bytes()
-}
-
-#[ffi_export]
-fn installation_key_pair_destroy(keypair: repr_c::Box<FFIInstallationKeyPair>) {
-    drop(keypair)
-}
diff --git a/core/double-ratchets/src/ffi/mod.rs b/core/double-ratchets/src/ffi/mod.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index f67b19a..0000000
--- a/core/double-ratchets/src/ffi/mod.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-pub mod doubleratchet;
-pub mod key;
-pub mod utils;
-
-#[cfg(feature = "headers")]
-pub fn generate_headers() -> std::io::Result<()> {
-    safer_ffi::headers::builder()
-        .to_file("double_ratchet.h")?
-        .generate()
-}
diff --git a/core/double-ratchets/src/ffi/utils.rs b/core/double-ratchets/src/ffi/utils.rs
deleted file mode 100644
index f50033f..0000000
--- a/core/double-ratchets/src/ffi/utils.rs
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-use safer_ffi::prelude::*;
-
-#[derive_ReprC]
-#[repr(C)]
-pub struct CResult<T: ReprC, Err: ReprC> {
-    pub ok: Option<T>,
-    pub err: Option<Err>,
-}
-
-#[ffi_export]
-pub fn ffi_c_string_free(s: repr_c::String) {
-    drop(s);
-}
diff --git a/core/double-ratchets/src/lib.rs b/core/double-ratchets/src/lib.rs
index b8778fc..b04cb77 100644
--- a/core/double-ratchets/src/lib.rs
+++ b/core/double-ratchets/src/lib.rs
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 pub mod aead;
 pub mod errors;
-pub mod ffi;
 pub mod hkdf;
 pub mod keypair;
 pub mod reader;
@@ -11,5 +10,5 @@ pub mod types;
 pub use keypair::InstallationKeyPair;
 pub use state::{Header, RatchetState, SkippedKey};
 pub use storage::{
-    RatchetSession, SessionError, restore_ratchet_state, to_ratchet_record, to_skipped_key_records,
+    restore_ratchet_state, to_ratchet_record, to_skipped_key_records, RatchetSession, SessionError,
 };