diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/connection_manager/shard_reader.spec.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/connection_manager/shard_reader.spec.ts
index 79f058a1d7..b618954d06 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/connection_manager/shard_reader.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/connection_manager/shard_reader.spec.ts
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import {
   PubsubTopic,
   ShardInfo
 } from "@waku/interfaces";
-import { contentTopicToShardIndex, encodeRelayShard } from "@waku/utils";
+import { AutoShardingRoutingInfo, encodeRelayShard } from "@waku/utils";
 import { expect } from "chai";
 import { Libp2p } from "libp2p";
 import sinon from "sinon";
@@ -29,16 +29,17 @@ describe("ShardReader", function () {
 
   const testContentTopic = "/test/1/waku-light-push/utf8";
   const testClusterId = 3;
-  const testShardIndex = contentTopicToShardIndex(
-    testContentTopic,
-    DEFAULT_NUM_SHARDS
-  );
 
   const testNetworkConfig: AutoSharding = {
     clusterId: testClusterId,
     numShardsInCluster: DEFAULT_NUM_SHARDS
   };
 
+  const testShardIndex = AutoShardingRoutingInfo.fromContentTopic(
+    testContentTopic,
+    testNetworkConfig
+  ).shardId;
+
   const testShardInfo: ShardInfo = {
     clusterId: testClusterId,
     shards: [testShardIndex]
diff --git a/packages/core/src/lib/connection_manager/shard_reader.ts b/packages/core/src/lib/connection_manager/shard_reader.ts
index 0867795ca4..89f95bc00d 100644
--- a/packages/core/src/lib/connection_manager/shard_reader.ts
+++ b/packages/core/src/lib/connection_manager/shard_reader.ts
@@ -6,11 +6,7 @@ import type {
   ShardId,
   ShardInfo
 } from "@waku/interfaces";
-import {
-  decodeRelayShard,
-  Logger,
-  pubsubTopicToSingleShardInfo
-} from "@waku/utils";
+import { decodeRelayShard, Logger } from "@waku/utils";
 import { Libp2p } from "libp2p";
 
 const log = new Logger("shard-reader");
@@ -65,7 +61,7 @@ export class ShardReader implements IShardReader {
     pubsubTopic: PubsubTopic
   ): Promise<boolean> {
     try {
-      const { clusterId, shard } = pubsubTopicToSingleShardInfo(pubsubTopic);
+      const { clusterId, shard } = this.parsePubsubTopic(pubsubTopic);
       if (clusterId !== this.clusterId) return false;
       return await this.isPeerOnShard(id, shard);
     } catch (error) {
@@ -93,6 +89,34 @@ export class ShardReader implements IShardReader {
     );
   }
 
+  private parsePubsubTopic(pubsubTopic: PubsubTopic): {
+    clusterId: ClusterId;
+    shard: ShardId;
+  } {
+    const parts = pubsubTopic.split("/");
+
+    if (
+      parts.length !== 6 ||
+      parts[1] !== "waku" ||
+      parts[2] !== "2" ||
+      parts[3] !== "rs"
+    ) {
+      throw new Error("Invalid pubsub topic");
+    }
+
+    const clusterId = parseInt(parts[4], 10);
+    const shard = parseInt(parts[5], 10);
+
+    if (isNaN(clusterId) || isNaN(shard)) {
+      throw new Error("Invalid clusterId or shard");
+    }
+
+    return {
+      clusterId,
+      shard
+    };
+  }
+
   private async getRelayShards(id: PeerId): Promise<ShardInfo | undefined> {
     try {
       const peer = await this.libp2p.peerStore.get(id);
diff --git a/packages/interfaces/src/index.ts b/packages/interfaces/src/index.ts
index 042a27dbd5..9a00b37674 100644
--- a/packages/interfaces/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/interfaces/src/index.ts
@@ -18,3 +18,4 @@ export * from "./constants.js";
 export * from "./local_storage.js";
 export * from "./sharding.js";
 export * from "./health_status.js";
+export type { ShardInfo } from "./sharding.js";
diff --git a/packages/reliability-tests/tests/high-throughput.spec.ts b/packages/reliability-tests/tests/high-throughput.spec.ts
index 7a11e9caf9..46151e3dd1 100644
--- a/packages/reliability-tests/tests/high-throughput.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/reliability-tests/tests/high-throughput.spec.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 import { LightNode, Protocols } from "@waku/interfaces";
 import { createDecoder, createLightNode, utf8ToBytes } from "@waku/sdk";
-import {
-  contentTopicToPubsubTopic,
-  createRoutingInfo,
-  delay
-} from "@waku/utils";
+import { createRoutingInfo, delay } from "@waku/utils";
 import { expect } from "chai";
 
 import {
@@ -64,13 +60,7 @@ describe("High Throughput Messaging", function () {
 
     await delay(1000);
 
-    await nwaku.ensureSubscriptions([
-      contentTopicToPubsubTopic(
-        ContentTopic,
-        NetworkConfig.clusterId,
-        NetworkConfig.numShardsInCluster
-      )
-    ]);
+    await nwaku.ensureSubscriptions([RoutingInfo.pubsubTopic]);
 
     waku = await createLightNode({ networkConfig: NetworkConfig });
     await waku.start();
diff --git a/packages/reliability-tests/tests/longevity.spec.ts b/packages/reliability-tests/tests/longevity.spec.ts
index e0ec05678f..f95990d7ce 100644
--- a/packages/reliability-tests/tests/longevity.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/reliability-tests/tests/longevity.spec.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 import { LightNode, Protocols } from "@waku/interfaces";
 import { createDecoder, createLightNode, utf8ToBytes } from "@waku/sdk";
-import {
-  contentTopicToPubsubTopic,
-  createRoutingInfo,
-  delay
-} from "@waku/utils";
+import { AutoShardingRoutingInfo, createRoutingInfo, delay } from "@waku/utils";
 import { expect } from "chai";
 
 import {
@@ -62,11 +58,8 @@ describe("Longevity", function () {
     );
 
     await nwaku.ensureSubscriptions([
-      contentTopicToPubsubTopic(
-        ContentTopic,
-        networkConfig.clusterId,
-        networkConfig.numShardsInCluster
-      )
+      AutoShardingRoutingInfo.fromContentTopic(ContentTopic, networkConfig)
+        .pubsubTopic
     ]);
 
     waku = await createLightNode({ networkConfig });
diff --git a/packages/reliability-tests/tests/throughput-sizes.spec.ts b/packages/reliability-tests/tests/throughput-sizes.spec.ts
index 7044176223..779289ba6d 100644
--- a/packages/reliability-tests/tests/throughput-sizes.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/reliability-tests/tests/throughput-sizes.spec.ts
@@ -1,10 +1,6 @@
 import { LightNode, Protocols } from "@waku/interfaces";
 import { createDecoder, createLightNode, utf8ToBytes } from "@waku/sdk";
-import {
-  contentTopicToPubsubTopic,
-  createRoutingInfo,
-  delay
-} from "@waku/utils";
+import { AutoShardingRoutingInfo, createRoutingInfo, delay } from "@waku/utils";
 import { expect } from "chai";
 
 import {
@@ -68,11 +64,8 @@ describe("Throughput Sanity Checks - Different Message Sizes", function () {
     await delay(1000);
 
     await nwaku.ensureSubscriptions([
-      contentTopicToPubsubTopic(
-        ContentTopic,
-        networkConfig.clusterId,
-        networkConfig.numShardsInCluster
-      )
+      AutoShardingRoutingInfo.fromContentTopic(ContentTopic, networkConfig)
+        .pubsubTopic
     ]);
 
     waku = await createLightNode({ networkConfig });
diff --git a/packages/tests/src/lib/service_node.ts b/packages/tests/src/lib/service_node.ts
index a71526f9dc..79e6744923 100644
--- a/packages/tests/src/lib/service_node.ts
+++ b/packages/tests/src/lib/service_node.ts
@@ -3,11 +3,11 @@ import { peerIdFromString } from "@libp2p/peer-id";
 import { Multiaddr, multiaddr } from "@multiformats/multiaddr";
 import { ContentTopic, PubsubTopic } from "@waku/interfaces";
 import {
-  formatPubsubTopic,
   isAutoSharding,
   isDefined,
   isStaticSharding,
-  RoutingInfo
+  RoutingInfo,
+  StaticShardingRoutingInfo
 } from "@waku/utils";
 import { Logger } from "@waku/utils";
 import pRetry from "p-retry";
@@ -279,10 +279,10 @@ export class ServiceNode {
     if (this.args?.shard) {
       if (this.args?.shard.length > 1)
         throw "More that one shard passed, not supported";
-      const pubsubTopic = formatPubsubTopic(
-        this.args.clusterId ?? DefaultTestNetworkConfig.clusterId,
-        this.args?.shard[0]
-      );
+      const pubsubTopic = StaticShardingRoutingInfo.fromShard(
+        this.args?.shard[0],
+        { clusterId: this.args.clusterId ?? DefaultTestNetworkConfig.clusterId }
+      ).pubsubTopic;
       return this.pubsubTopicMessages(pubsubTopic);
     }
 
diff --git a/packages/tests/src/utils/nodes.ts b/packages/tests/src/utils/nodes.ts
index 26f29e27c3..b0305759bf 100644
--- a/packages/tests/src/utils/nodes.ts
+++ b/packages/tests/src/utils/nodes.ts
@@ -6,10 +6,10 @@ import {
 } from "@waku/interfaces";
 import { createLightNode } from "@waku/sdk";
 import {
-  contentTopicToPubsubTopic,
-  formatPubsubTopic,
+  AutoShardingRoutingInfo,
   isAutoShardingRoutingInfo,
-  RoutingInfo
+  RoutingInfo,
+  StaticShardingRoutingInfo
 } from "@waku/utils";
 import { Context } from "mocha";
 import pRetry from "p-retry";
@@ -75,7 +75,11 @@ export async function runMultipleNodes(
   if (customArgs?.shard) {
     const shards = customArgs?.shard ?? [];
     for (const s of shards) {
-      pubsubTopics.push(formatPubsubTopic(routingInfo.clusterId, s));
+      pubsubTopics.push(
+        StaticShardingRoutingInfo.fromShard(s, {
+          clusterId: routingInfo.clusterId
+        }).pubsubTopic
+      );
     }
   }
 
@@ -83,11 +87,8 @@ export async function runMultipleNodes(
     const contentTopics = customArgs?.contentTopic ?? [];
     for (const ct of contentTopics) {
       pubsubTopics.push(
-        contentTopicToPubsubTopic(
-          ct,
-          routingInfo.clusterId,
-          routingInfo.networkConfig.numShardsInCluster
-        )
+        AutoShardingRoutingInfo.fromContentTopic(ct, routingInfo.networkConfig)
+          .pubsubTopic
       );
     }
   }
diff --git a/packages/tests/tests/filter/subscribe-static-sharding.node.spec.ts b/packages/tests/tests/filter/subscribe-static-sharding.node.spec.ts
index fa97915584..9009a5dd4f 100644
--- a/packages/tests/tests/filter/subscribe-static-sharding.node.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/tests/tests/filter/subscribe-static-sharding.node.spec.ts
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { createDecoder, createEncoder } from "@waku/core";
 import { LightNode } from "@waku/interfaces";
 import { Protocols, utf8ToBytes } from "@waku/sdk";
-import { createRoutingInfo, formatPubsubTopic } from "@waku/utils";
+import { createRoutingInfo, StaticShardingRoutingInfo } from "@waku/utils";
 
 import {
   afterEachCustom,
@@ -78,7 +78,9 @@ const runTests = (strictCheckNodes: boolean): void => {
         await waku.waitForPeers([Protocols.Filter, Protocols.LightPush]);
 
         await nwaku2.ensureSubscriptions([
-          formatPubsubTopic(TestClusterId, shardId)
+          StaticShardingRoutingInfo.fromShard(shardId, {
+            clusterId: TestClusterId
+          }).pubsubTopic
         ]);
 
         const messageCollector2 = new MessageCollector();
diff --git a/packages/tests/tests/filter/utils.ts b/packages/tests/tests/filter/utils.ts
index 111ad5f420..5b35fe2054 100644
--- a/packages/tests/tests/filter/utils.ts
+++ b/packages/tests/tests/filter/utils.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { createDecoder, createEncoder } from "@waku/core";
 import {
-  contentTopicToShardIndex,
+  AutoShardingRoutingInfo,
   createRoutingInfo,
   Logger
 } from "@waku/utils";
@@ -11,14 +11,14 @@ export const log = new Logger("test:filter");
 export const TestContentTopic = "/test/1/waku-filter/default";
 export const TestClusterId = 2;
 export const TestNumShardsInCluster = 8;
-export const TestShardIndex = contentTopicToShardIndex(
-  TestContentTopic,
-  TestNumShardsInCluster
-);
 export const TestNetworkConfig = {
   clusterId: TestClusterId,
   numShardsInCluster: TestNumShardsInCluster
 };
+export const TestShardIndex = AutoShardingRoutingInfo.fromContentTopic(
+  TestContentTopic,
+  TestNetworkConfig
+).shardId;
 export const TestRoutingInfo = createRoutingInfo(TestNetworkConfig, {
   contentTopic: TestContentTopic
 });
diff --git a/packages/tests/tests/sharding/auto_sharding.spec.ts b/packages/tests/tests/sharding/auto_sharding.spec.ts
index 306c211a11..9e739542f9 100644
--- a/packages/tests/tests/sharding/auto_sharding.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/tests/tests/sharding/auto_sharding.spec.ts
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { AutoSharding, LightNode } from "@waku/interfaces";
 import { createEncoder, utf8ToBytes } from "@waku/sdk";
-import { contentTopicToPubsubTopic, createRoutingInfo } from "@waku/utils";
+import { AutoShardingRoutingInfo, createRoutingInfo } from "@waku/utils";
 import { expect } from "chai";
 
 import {
@@ -136,7 +136,10 @@ describe("Autosharding: Running Nodes", function () {
   it("Wrong topic", async function () {
     const wrongTopic = "wrong_format";
     try {
-      contentTopicToPubsubTopic(wrongTopic, clusterId, 8);
+      AutoShardingRoutingInfo.fromContentTopic(wrongTopic, {
+        clusterId,
+        numShardsInCluster: 8
+      });
       throw new Error("Wrong topic should've thrown an error");
     } catch (err) {
       if (
diff --git a/packages/tests/tests/sharding/peer_management.spec.ts b/packages/tests/tests/sharding/peer_management.spec.ts
index a02c973e3c..7af9171ed1 100644
--- a/packages/tests/tests/sharding/peer_management.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/tests/tests/sharding/peer_management.spec.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import type { PeerId } from "@libp2p/interface";
 import { wakuPeerExchangeDiscovery } from "@waku/discovery";
 import type { AutoSharding, StaticSharding } from "@waku/interfaces";
 import { createLightNode, LightNode, Tags } from "@waku/sdk";
-import { contentTopicToShardIndex } from "@waku/utils";
+import { AutoShardingRoutingInfo } from "@waku/utils";
 import chai, { expect } from "chai";
 import chaiAsPromised from "chai-as-promised";
 import Sinon, { SinonSpy } from "sinon";
@@ -201,7 +201,14 @@ describe("Autosharding: Peer Management", function () {
   const ContentTopic = "/myapp/1/latest/proto";
   const clusterId = 8;
   const numShardsInCluster = 8;
-  const Shard = [contentTopicToShardIndex(ContentTopic, numShardsInCluster)];
+  const networkConfig: AutoSharding = {
+    clusterId,
+    numShardsInCluster
+  };
+  const Shard = [
+    AutoShardingRoutingInfo.fromContentTopic(ContentTopic, networkConfig)
+      .shardId
+  ];
 
   describe("Peer Exchange", function () {
     let waku: LightNode;
diff --git a/packages/tests/tests/store/error_handling.node.spec.ts b/packages/tests/tests/store/error_handling.node.spec.ts
index ebb554fd6f..e84f04c44b 100644
--- a/packages/tests/tests/store/error_handling.node.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/tests/tests/store/error_handling.node.spec.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 import { IMessage, type LightNode } from "@waku/interfaces";
-import { formatPubsubTopic } from "@waku/utils";
+import { StaticShardingRoutingInfo } from "@waku/utils";
 import { expect } from "chai";
 
 import {
@@ -68,7 +68,9 @@ describe("Waku Store, error handling", function () {
   });
 
   it("Query Generator, No message returned", async function () {
-    const WrongTestPubsubTopic = formatPubsubTopic(43, 53);
+    const WrongTestPubsubTopic = StaticShardingRoutingInfo.fromShard(53, {
+      clusterId: 43
+    }).pubsubTopic;
     const messages = await processQueriedMessages(
       waku,
       [TestDecoder],
diff --git a/packages/tests/tests/wait_for_remote_peer.node.spec.ts b/packages/tests/tests/wait_for_remote_peer.node.spec.ts
index 55e15160b3..280f9b077c 100644
--- a/packages/tests/tests/wait_for_remote_peer.node.spec.ts
+++ b/packages/tests/tests/wait_for_remote_peer.node.spec.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import type { LightNode, RelayNode } from "@waku/interfaces";
 import { Protocols } from "@waku/interfaces";
 import { createRelayNode } from "@waku/relay";
 import { createLightNode } from "@waku/sdk";
-import { formatPubsubTopic } from "@waku/utils";
+import { StaticShardingRoutingInfo } from "@waku/utils";
 import { expect } from "chai";
 
 import {
@@ -261,7 +261,9 @@ describe("Wait for remote peer", function () {
     [nwaku, waku1] = await runRelayNodes(this, { clusterId: 0 }, [0]);
     const multiAddrWithId = await nwaku.getMultiaddrWithId();
 
-    const peers = waku1.relay.getMeshPeers(formatPubsubTopic(0, 0));
+    const peers = waku1.relay.getMeshPeers(
+      StaticShardingRoutingInfo.fromShard(0, { clusterId: 0 }).pubsubTopic
+    );
 
     const nimPeerId = multiAddrWithId.getPeerId();
 
diff --git a/packages/utils/src/common/sharding/index.spec.ts b/packages/utils/src/common/sharding/index.spec.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 28b5aeba2e..0000000000
--- a/packages/utils/src/common/sharding/index.spec.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,369 +0,0 @@
-import { DEFAULT_CLUSTER_ID } from "@waku/interfaces";
-import { expect } from "chai";
-
-import {
-  contentTopicsByPubsubTopic,
-  contentTopicToPubsubTopic,
-  contentTopicToShardIndex,
-  ensureValidContentTopic,
-  pubsubTopicToSingleShardInfo
-} from "./index.js";
-
-const ClusterId = 0;
-const NumShardsInCluster = 8;
-
-const testInvalidCases = (
-  contentTopics: string[],
-  expectedError: string
-): void => {
-  for (const invalidTopic of contentTopics) {
-    expect(() => ensureValidContentTopic(invalidTopic)).to.throw(expectedError);
-  }
-};
-
-describe("ensureValidContentTopic", () => {
-  it("does not throw on valid cases", () => {
-    const validTopics = [
-      "/0/myapp/1/mytopic/cbor",
-      "/myapp/1/mytopic/cbor",
-      "/myapp/v1.1/mytopic/cbor"
-    ];
-    for (const validTopic of validTopics) {
-      expect(() => ensureValidContentTopic(validTopic)).to.not.throw;
-    }
-  });
-  it("throws on empty content topic", () => {
-    testInvalidCases(["", " ", "   "], "Content topic format is invalid");
-  });
-
-  it("throws on content topic with too few or too many fields", () => {
-    testInvalidCases(
-      [
-        "myContentTopic",
-        "myapp1mytopiccbor/",
-        " /myapp/1/mytopic",
-        "/myapp/1/mytopic",
-        "/0/myapp/1/mytopic/cbor/extra"
-      ],
-      "Content topic format is invalid"
-    );
-  });
-
-  it("throws on content topic with non-number generation field", () => {
-    testInvalidCases(
-      [
-        "/a/myapp/1/mytopic/cbor",
-        "/ /myapp/1/mytopic/cbor",
-        "/_/myapp/1/mytopic/cbor",
-        "/$/myapp/1/mytopic/cbor"
-      ],
-      "Invalid generation field in content topic"
-    );
-  });
-
-  // Note that this test case should be removed once Waku supports other generations
-  it("throws on content topic with generation field greater than 0", () => {
-    testInvalidCases(
-      [
-        "/1/myapp/1/mytopic/cbor",
-        "/2/myapp/1/mytopic/cbor",
-        "/3/myapp/1/mytopic/cbor",
-        "/1000/myapp/1/mytopic/cbor",
-        "/1/toychat/2/huilong/proto",
-        "/1/statusim/1/community/cbor"
-      ],
-      "Generation greater than 0 is not supported"
-    );
-  });
-
-  it("throws on content topic with empty application field", () => {
-    testInvalidCases(
-      ["/0//1/mytopic/cbor"],
-      "Application field cannot be empty"
-    );
-  });
-
-  it("throws on content topic with empty version field", () => {
-    testInvalidCases(
-      ["/0/myapp//mytopic/cbor"],
-      "Version field cannot be empty"
-    );
-  });
-
-  it("throws on content topic with empty topic name field", () => {
-    testInvalidCases(["/0/myapp/1//cbor"], "Topic name field cannot be empty");
-  });
-
-  it("throws on content topic with empty encoding field", () => {
-    testInvalidCases(["/0/myapp/1/mytopic/"], "Encoding field cannot be empty");
-  });
-});
-
-describe("contentTopicToShardIndex", () => {
-  const contentTopicsWithExpectedShards: [string, number][] = [
-    ["/toychat/2/huilong/proto", 3],
-    ["/myapp/1/latest/proto", 0],
-    ["/waku/2/content/test.js", 1],
-    ["/toychat/2/huilong/proto", 3],
-    ["/0/toychat/2/huilong/proto", 3],
-    ["/statusim/1/community/cbor", 4],
-    ["/0/statusim/1/community/cbor", 4],
-    ["/app/22/sometopic/someencoding", 2],
-    ["/app/27/sometopic/someencoding", 5],
-    ["/app/20/sometopic/someencoding", 7],
-    ["/app/29/sometopic/someencoding", 6]
-  ];
-  contentTopicsWithExpectedShards.forEach(([topic, expectedShard]) => {
-    it(`should correctly map ${topic} to shard index ${expectedShard}`, () => {
-      expect(contentTopicToShardIndex(topic, NumShardsInCluster)).to.eq(
-        expectedShard
-      );
-    });
-  });
-
-  const testCases: [number, string, number][] = [
-    [16, "/app/20/sometopic/someencoding", 15],
-    [2, "/app/20/sometopic/someencoding", 1],
-    [1, "/app/20/sometopic/someencoding", 0]
-  ];
-
-  testCases.forEach(([networkShards, topic, expectedShard]) => {
-    it(`should correctly map ${topic} to shard index ${expectedShard} with networkShards ${networkShards}`, () => {
-      expect(contentTopicToShardIndex(topic, networkShards)).to.eq(
-        expectedShard
-      );
-    });
-  });
-
-  it("topics with same application and version share the same shard", () => {
-    const contentTopics: [string, string][] = [
-      ["/toychat/2/huilong/proto", "/toychat/2/othertopic/otherencoding"],
-      ["/myapp/1/latest/proto", "/myapp/1/new/proto"],
-      ["/waku/2/content/test.js", "/waku/2/users/proto"]
-    ];
-    for (const [topic1, topic2] of contentTopics) {
-      expect(contentTopicToShardIndex(topic1, NumShardsInCluster)).to.eq(
-        contentTopicToShardIndex(topic2, NumShardsInCluster)
-      );
-    }
-  });
-});
-
-describe("contentTopicsByPubsubTopic", () => {
-  it("groups content topics by expected pubsub topic", () => {
-    const contentTopics = ["/toychat/2/huilong/proto", "/myapp/1/latest/proto"];
-    const grouped = contentTopicsByPubsubTopic(
-      contentTopics,
-      ClusterId,
-      NumShardsInCluster
-    );
-
-    for (const contentTopic of contentTopics) {
-      const pubsubTopic = contentTopicToPubsubTopic(contentTopic, 0, 8);
-
-      expect(grouped.get(pubsubTopic)?.includes(contentTopic)).to.be.true;
-    }
-  });
-
-  it("groups multiple content topics into the same pubsub topic when they share the same shard index", () => {
-    const contentTopics = [
-      "/app/22/sometopic/someencoding",
-      "/app/22/anothertopic/otherencoding"
-    ];
-    const grouped = contentTopicsByPubsubTopic(
-      contentTopics,
-      ClusterId,
-      NumShardsInCluster
-    );
-    expect(grouped.size).to.eq(1); // Only one pubsub topic expected
-    const pubsubTopic = contentTopicToPubsubTopic(contentTopics[0], 0, 8);
-    expect(grouped.get(pubsubTopic)?.length).to.eq(2); // Both topics should be grouped under the same pubsub topic
-  });
-
-  it("handles different clusterIds correctly", () => {
-    const contentTopics = ["/app/22/sometopic/someencoding"];
-    const clusterId1 = 3;
-    const clusterId2 = 2;
-    const grouped1 = contentTopicsByPubsubTopic(
-      contentTopics,
-      clusterId1,
-      NumShardsInCluster
-    );
-    const grouped2 = contentTopicsByPubsubTopic(
-      contentTopics,
-      clusterId2,
-      NumShardsInCluster
-    );
-    const pubsubTopic1 = contentTopicToPubsubTopic(
-      contentTopics[0],
-      clusterId1,
-      8
-    );
-    const pubsubTopic2 = contentTopicToPubsubTopic(
-      contentTopics[0],
-      clusterId2,
-      8
-    );
-    expect(pubsubTopic1).not.to.equal(pubsubTopic2);
-    expect(grouped1.has(pubsubTopic1)).to.be.true;
-    expect(grouped1.has(pubsubTopic2)).to.be.false;
-    expect(grouped2.has(pubsubTopic1)).to.be.false;
-    expect(grouped2.has(pubsubTopic2)).to.be.true;
-  });
-
-  it("handles different networkShards values correctly", () => {
-    const contentTopics = ["/app/20/sometopic/someencoding"];
-    const networkShards1 = 8;
-    const networkShards2 = 16;
-    const grouped1 = contentTopicsByPubsubTopic(
-      contentTopics,
-      DEFAULT_CLUSTER_ID,
-      networkShards1
-    );
-    const grouped2 = contentTopicsByPubsubTopic(
-      contentTopics,
-      DEFAULT_CLUSTER_ID,
-      networkShards2
-    );
-    const pubsubTopic1 = contentTopicToPubsubTopic(
-      contentTopics[0],
-      DEFAULT_CLUSTER_ID,
-      networkShards1
-    );
-    const pubsubTopic2 = contentTopicToPubsubTopic(
-      contentTopics[0],
-      DEFAULT_CLUSTER_ID,
-      networkShards2
-    );
-    expect(pubsubTopic1).not.to.equal(pubsubTopic2);
-    expect(grouped1.has(pubsubTopic1)).to.be.true;
-    expect(grouped1.has(pubsubTopic2)).to.be.false;
-    expect(grouped2.has(pubsubTopic1)).to.be.false;
-    expect(grouped2.has(pubsubTopic2)).to.be.true;
-  });
-
-  it("throws an error for improperly formatted content topics", () => {
-    const invalidContentTopics = ["/invalid/format"];
-    expect(() =>
-      contentTopicsByPubsubTopic(
-        invalidContentTopics,
-        ClusterId,
-        NumShardsInCluster
-      )
-    ).to.throw();
-  });
-});
-
-describe("pubsubTopicToSingleShardInfo with various invalid formats", () => {
-  const invalidTopics = [
-    "/waku/1/rs/1/2", // Invalid Waku version
-    "/waku/2/r/1/2", // Invalid path segment
-    "/incorrect/format", // Completely incorrect format
-    "/waku/2/rs", // Missing both clusterId and shard
-    "/waku/2/rs/1/2/extra" // Extra trailing data
-  ];
-
-  it("should extract SingleShardInfo from a valid PubsubTopic", () => {
-    const topic = "/waku/2/rs/2/2";
-    const expectedInfo = { clusterId: 2, shard: 2 };
-    expect(pubsubTopicToSingleShardInfo(topic)).to.deep.equal(expectedInfo);
-  });
-
-  invalidTopics.forEach((topic) => {
-    it(`should throw an error for invalid PubsubTopic format: ${topic}`, () => {
-      expect(() => pubsubTopicToSingleShardInfo(topic)).to.throw(
-        "Invalid pubsub topic"
-      );
-    });
-  });
-
-  const nonNumericValues = ["x", "y", "$", "!", "\\", "-", "", " "];
-  nonNumericValues.forEach((value) => {
-    it(`should throw an error for non-numeric clusterId: /waku/2/rs/${value}/1`, () => {
-      expect(() =>
-        pubsubTopicToSingleShardInfo(`/waku/2/rs/${value}/1`)
-      ).to.throw("Invalid clusterId or shard");
-    });
-
-    it(`should throw an error for non-numeric shard: /waku/2/rs/1/${value}`, () => {
-      expect(() =>
-        pubsubTopicToSingleShardInfo(`/waku/2/rs/1/${value}`)
-      ).to.throw("Invalid clusterId or shard");
-    });
-  });
-});
-
-// describe("ensureShardingConfigured", () => {
-//   it("should return valid sharding parameters for static sharding", () => {
-//     const shardInfo = { clusterId: 1, shards: [0, 1] };
-//     const result = ensureShardingConfigured(shardInfo);
-//     expect(result.shardInfo).to.deep.include({
-//       clusterId: 1,
-//       shards: [0, 1]
-//     });
-//     expect(result.shardInfo).to.deep.include({ clusterId: 1, shards: [0, 1] });
-//     expect(result.pubsubTopics).to.have.members([
-//       "/waku/2/rs/1/0",
-//       "/waku/2/rs/1/1"
-//     ]);
-//   });
-//
-//   it("should return valid sharding parameters for content topics autosharding", () => {
-//     const contentTopicInfo = { contentTopics: ["/app/v1/topic1/proto"] };
-//     const result = ensureShardingConfigured(contentTopicInfo);
-//     const expectedPubsubTopic = contentTopicToPubsubTopic(
-//       "/app/v1/topic1/proto",
-//       DEFAULT_CLUSTER_ID
-//     );
-//     expect(result.shardInfo.shards).to.include(
-//       contentTopicToShardIndex("/app/v1/topic1/proto")
-//     );
-//     expect(result.pubsubTopics).to.include(expectedPubsubTopic);
-//   });
-//
-//   it("should throw an error for missing sharding configuration", () => {
-//     const shardInfo = {} as any as NetworkConfig;
-//     expect(() => ensureShardingConfigured(shardInfo)).to.throw();
-//   });
-//
-//   it("handles empty shards array correctly", () => {
-//     const shardInfo = { clusterId: 1, shards: [] };
-//     expect(() => ensureShardingConfigured(shardInfo)).to.throw();
-//   });
-//
-//   it("handles empty contentTopics array correctly", () => {
-//     const shardInfo = { contentTopics: [] };
-//     expect(() => ensureShardingConfigured(shardInfo)).to.throw();
-//   });
-// });
-//
-// describe("contentTopicToPubsubTopic", () => {
-//   it("should correctly map a content topic to a pubsub topic", () => {
-//     const contentTopic = "/app/v1/topic1/proto";
-//     expect(contentTopicToPubsubTopic(contentTopic)).to.equal("/waku/2/rs/1/4");
-//   });
-//
-//   it("should map different content topics to different pubsub topics based on shard index", () => {
-//     const contentTopic1 = "/app/v1/topic1/proto";
-//     const contentTopic2 = "/app/v2/topic2/proto";
-//     const pubsubTopic1 = contentTopicToPubsubTopic(contentTopic1);
-//     const pubsubTopic2 = contentTopicToPubsubTopic(contentTopic2);
-//     expect(pubsubTopic1).not.to.equal(pubsubTopic2);
-//   });
-//
-//   it("should use the provided clusterId for the pubsub topic", () => {
-//     const contentTopic = "/app/v1/topic1/proto";
-//     const clusterId = 2;
-//     expect(contentTopicToPubsubTopic(contentTopic, clusterId)).to.equal(
-//       "/waku/2/rs/2/4"
-//     );
-//   });
-//
-//   it("should correctly map a content topic to a pubsub topic for different network shard sizes", () => {
-//     const contentTopic = "/app/v1/topic1/proto";
-//     const networkShards = 16;
-//     expect(contentTopicToPubsubTopic(contentTopic, 1, networkShards)).to.equal(
-//       "/waku/2/rs/1/4"
-//     );
-//   });
-// });
diff --git a/packages/utils/src/common/sharding/index.ts b/packages/utils/src/common/sharding/index.ts
index 495ea42c6e..b09c4a38b4 100644
--- a/packages/utils/src/common/sharding/index.ts
+++ b/packages/utils/src/common/sharding/index.ts
@@ -1,165 +1,2 @@
-import { sha256 } from "@noble/hashes/sha256";
-import {
-  type ClusterId,
-  ContentTopic,
-  PubsubTopic,
-  type ShardId
-} from "@waku/interfaces";
-
-import { concat, utf8ToBytes } from "../../bytes/index.js";
-
 export * from "./type_guards.js";
 export * from "./routing_info.js";
-
-export const formatPubsubTopic = (
-  clusterId: ClusterId,
-  shard: ShardId
-): PubsubTopic => {
-  return `/waku/2/rs/${clusterId}/${shard}`;
-};
-
-/**
- * @deprecated will be removed
- */
-export const pubsubTopicToSingleShardInfo = (
-  pubsubTopics: PubsubTopic
-): { clusterId: ClusterId; shard: ShardId } => {
-  const parts = pubsubTopics.split("/");
-
-  if (
-    parts.length != 6 ||
-    parts[1] !== "waku" ||
-    parts[2] !== "2" ||
-    parts[3] !== "rs"
-  )
-    throw new Error("Invalid pubsub topic");
-
-  const clusterId = parseInt(parts[4]);
-  const shard = parseInt(parts[5]);
-
-  if (isNaN(clusterId) || isNaN(shard))
-    throw new Error("Invalid clusterId or shard");
-
-  return {
-    clusterId,
-    shard
-  };
-};
-
-interface ParsedContentTopic {
-  generation: number;
-  application: string;
-  version: string;
-  topicName: string;
-  encoding: string;
-}
-
-/**
- * Given a string, will throw an error if it is not formatted as a valid content topic for autosharding based on https://rfc.vac.dev/spec/51/
- * @param contentTopic String to validate
- * @returns Object with each content topic field as an attribute
- */
-export function ensureValidContentTopic(
-  contentTopic: ContentTopic
-): ParsedContentTopic {
-  const parts = (contentTopic as string).split("/");
-  if (parts.length < 5 || parts.length > 6) {
-    throw Error(`Content topic format is invalid: ${contentTopic}`);
-  }
-  // Validate generation field if present
-  let generation = 0;
-  if (parts.length == 6) {
-    generation = parseInt(parts[1]);
-    if (isNaN(generation)) {
-      throw new Error(
-        `Invalid generation field in content topic: ${contentTopic}`
-      );
-    }
-    if (generation > 0) {
-      throw new Error(
-        `Generation greater than 0 is not supported: ${contentTopic}`
-      );
-    }
-  }
-  // Validate remaining fields
-  const fields = parts.splice(-4);
-  // Validate application field
-  if (fields[0].length == 0) {
-    throw new Error(`Application field cannot be empty: ${contentTopic}`);
-  }
-  // Validate version field
-  if (fields[1].length == 0) {
-    throw new Error(`Version field cannot be empty: ${contentTopic}`);
-  }
-  // Validate topic name field
-  if (fields[2].length == 0) {
-    throw new Error(`Topic name field cannot be empty: ${contentTopic}`);
-  }
-  // Validate encoding field
-  if (fields[3].length == 0) {
-    throw new Error(`Encoding field cannot be empty: ${contentTopic}`);
-  }
-
-  return {
-    generation,
-    application: fields[0],
-    version: fields[1],
-    topicName: fields[2],
-    encoding: fields[3]
-  };
-}
-
-/**
- * Given a string, determines which autoshard index to use for its pubsub topic.
- * Based on the algorithm described in the RFC: https://rfc.vac.dev/spec/51//#algorithm
- */
-export function contentTopicToShardIndex(
-  contentTopic: ContentTopic,
-  numShardsInCluster: number
-): number {
-  const { application, version } = ensureValidContentTopic(contentTopic);
-  const digest = sha256(
-    concat([utf8ToBytes(application), utf8ToBytes(version)])
-  );
-  const dataview = new DataView(digest.buffer.slice(-8));
-  return Number(dataview.getBigUint64(0, false) % BigInt(numShardsInCluster));
-}
-
-export function contentTopicToPubsubTopic(
-  contentTopic: ContentTopic,
-  clusterId: number,
-  numShardsInCluster: number
-): string {
-  if (!contentTopic) {
-    throw Error("Content topic must be specified");
-  }
-
-  const shardIndex = contentTopicToShardIndex(contentTopic, numShardsInCluster);
-  return `/waku/2/rs/${clusterId}/${shardIndex}`;
-}
-
-/**
- * Given an array of content topics, groups them together by their Pubsub topic as derived using the algorithm for autosharding.
- * If any of the content topics are not properly formatted, the function will throw an error.
- */
-export function contentTopicsByPubsubTopic(
-  contentTopics: ContentTopic[],
-  clusterId: number,
-  networkShards: number
-): Map<string, Array<string>> {
-  const groupedContentTopics = new Map();
-  for (const contentTopic of contentTopics) {
-    const pubsubTopic = contentTopicToPubsubTopic(
-      contentTopic,
-      clusterId,
-      networkShards
-    );
-    let topics = groupedContentTopics.get(pubsubTopic);
-    if (!topics) {
-      groupedContentTopics.set(pubsubTopic, []);
-      topics = groupedContentTopics.get(pubsubTopic);
-    }
-    topics.push(contentTopic);
-  }
-  return groupedContentTopics;
-}
diff --git a/packages/utils/src/common/sharding/routing_info.ts b/packages/utils/src/common/sharding/routing_info.ts
index a51de7cfc3..f653c93aba 100644
--- a/packages/utils/src/common/sharding/routing_info.ts
+++ b/packages/utils/src/common/sharding/routing_info.ts
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import { sha256 } from "@noble/hashes/sha256";
 import type {
   AutoSharding,
   ClusterId,
@@ -9,25 +10,133 @@ import type {
   StaticSharding
 } from "@waku/interfaces";
 
-import {
-  contentTopicToShardIndex,
-  ensureValidContentTopic,
-  formatPubsubTopic,
-  isAutoSharding,
-  pubsubTopicToSingleShardInfo
-} from "./index.js";
+import { concat, utf8ToBytes } from "../../bytes/index.js";
+
+import { isAutoSharding } from "./index.js";
+
+const formatPubsubTopic = (
+  clusterId: ClusterId,
+  shard: ShardId
+): PubsubTopic => {
+  return `/waku/2/rs/${clusterId}/${shard}`;
+};
+
+interface ParsedContentTopic {
+  generation: number;
+  application: string;
+  version: string;
+  topicName: string;
+  encoding: string;
+}
+
+function ensureValidContentTopic(
+  contentTopic: ContentTopic
+): ParsedContentTopic {
+  const parts = (contentTopic as string).split("/");
+  if (parts.length < 5 || parts.length > 6) {
+    throw Error(`Content topic format is invalid: ${contentTopic}`);
+  }
+  // Validate generation field if present
+  let generation = 0;
+  if (parts.length == 6) {
+    generation = parseInt(parts[1]);
+    if (isNaN(generation)) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Invalid generation field in content topic: ${contentTopic}`
+      );
+    }
+    if (generation > 0) {
+      throw new Error(
+        `Generation greater than 0 is not supported: ${contentTopic}`
+      );
+    }
+  }
+  // Validate remaining fields
+  const fields = parts.splice(-4);
+  // Validate application field
+  if (fields[0].length == 0) {
+    throw new Error(`Application field cannot be empty: ${contentTopic}`);
+  }
+  // Validate version field
+  if (fields[1].length == 0) {
+    throw new Error(`Version field cannot be empty: ${contentTopic}`);
+  }
+  // Validate topic name field
+  if (fields[2].length == 0) {
+    throw new Error(`Topic name field cannot be empty: ${contentTopic}`);
+  }
+  // Validate encoding field
+  if (fields[3].length == 0) {
+    throw new Error(`Encoding field cannot be empty: ${contentTopic}`);
+  }
+
+  return {
+    generation,
+    application: fields[0],
+    version: fields[1],
+    topicName: fields[2],
+    encoding: fields[3]
+  };
+}
+
+function contentTopicToShardIndex(
+  contentTopic: ContentTopic,
+  numShardsInCluster: number
+): number {
+  const { application, version } = ensureValidContentTopic(contentTopic);
+  const digest = sha256(
+    concat([utf8ToBytes(application), utf8ToBytes(version)])
+  );
+  const dataview = new DataView(digest.buffer.slice(-8));
+  return Number(dataview.getBigUint64(0, false) % BigInt(numShardsInCluster));
+}
+
+/**
+ * @deprecated will be removed
+ */
+const pubsubTopicToSingleShardInfo = (
+  pubsubTopics: PubsubTopic
+): { clusterId: ClusterId; shard: ShardId } => {
+  const parts = pubsubTopics.split("/");
+
+  if (
+    parts.length != 6 ||
+    parts[1] !== "waku" ||
+    parts[2] !== "2" ||
+    parts[3] !== "rs"
+  )
+    throw new Error("Invalid pubsub topic");
+
+  const clusterId = parseInt(parts[4]);
+  const shard = parseInt(parts[5]);
+
+  if (isNaN(clusterId) || isNaN(shard))
+    throw new Error("Invalid clusterId or shard");
+
+  return {
+    clusterId,
+    shard
+  };
+};
 
 export type RoutingInfo = AutoShardingRoutingInfo | StaticShardingRoutingInfo;
 
 export abstract class BaseRoutingInfo {
+  public pubsubTopic: PubsubTopic;
+  public shardId: ShardId;
+
   protected constructor(
     public networkConfig: NetworkConfig,
-    public pubsubTopic: PubsubTopic,
-    public shardId: ShardId
-  ) {}
+    pubsubTopic: PubsubTopic,
+    shardId: ShardId
+  ) {
+    this.pubsubTopic = pubsubTopic;
+    this.shardId = shardId;
+  }
 
-  public abstract get isAutoSharding(): boolean;
-  public abstract get isStaticSharding(): boolean;
+  public get clusterId(): ClusterId {
+    return this.networkConfig.clusterId;
+  }
 }
 
 export class AutoShardingRoutingInfo
@@ -61,24 +170,12 @@ export class AutoShardingRoutingInfo
    */
   private constructor(
     public networkConfig: AutoSharding,
-    public pubsubTopic: PubsubTopic,
-    public shardId: ShardId,
+    pubsubTopic: PubsubTopic,
+    shardId: ShardId,
     public contentTopic: string
   ) {
     super(networkConfig, pubsubTopic, shardId);
   }
-
-  public get clusterId(): number {
-    return this.networkConfig.clusterId;
-  }
-
-  public get isAutoSharding(): boolean {
-    return true;
-  }
-
-  public get isStaticSharding(): boolean {
-    return false;
-  }
 }
 
 export class StaticShardingRoutingInfo
@@ -127,35 +224,23 @@ export class StaticShardingRoutingInfo
    */
   private constructor(
     public networkConfig: StaticSharding,
-    public pubsubTopic: PubsubTopic,
-    public shardId: ShardId
+    pubsubTopic: PubsubTopic,
+    shardId: ShardId
   ) {
     super(networkConfig, pubsubTopic, shardId);
   }
-
-  public get clusterId(): ClusterId {
-    return this.networkConfig.clusterId;
-  }
-
-  public get isAutoSharding(): boolean {
-    return false;
-  }
-
-  public get isStaticSharding(): boolean {
-    return true;
-  }
 }
 
 export function isAutoShardingRoutingInfo(
   routingInfo: BaseRoutingInfo
 ): routingInfo is AutoShardingRoutingInfo {
-  return routingInfo.isAutoSharding;
+  return routingInfo instanceof AutoShardingRoutingInfo;
 }
 
 export function isStaticShardingRoutingInfo(
   routingInfo: BaseRoutingInfo
 ): routingInfo is StaticShardingRoutingInfo {
-  return routingInfo.isStaticSharding;
+  return routingInfo instanceof StaticShardingRoutingInfo;
 }
 
 export function createRoutingInfo(