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docs.waku.org/learn/glossary/index.html
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<title data-rh="true">Glossary | Waku Documentation</title><meta data-rh="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:url" content="https://docs.waku.org/learn/glossary"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:locale" content="en_GB"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_locale" content="en-GB"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:language" content="en-GB"><meta data-rh="true" name="keywords" content="waku, web3"><meta data-rh="true" name="image" content="https://docs.waku.org/_og/42f419aeef2eb912fac6f2a139bfae726493eff7.png"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:version" content="current"><meta data-rh="true" name="docsearch:docusaurus_tag" content="docs-default-current"><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="Glossary | Waku Documentation"><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="Definitions and usage of the terminology used in the Waku ecosystem."><meta data-rh="true" property="og:description" content="Definitions and usage of the terminology used in the Waku ecosystem."><link data-rh="true" rel="icon" href="/theme/image/favicon.ico"><link data-rh="true" rel="canonical" href="https://docs.waku.org/learn/glossary"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://docs.waku.org/learn/glossary" hreflang="en-GB"><link data-rh="true" rel="alternate" href="https://docs.waku.org/learn/glossary" hreflang="x-default"><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="/theme/image/favicon.png">
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class="menu__link" tabindex="0" href="/learn/concepts/transports">Transports</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-2 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0" href="/learn/concepts/peer-discovery"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="chevron_How5 lsd-icon lsd-icon--small lsd-icon--filled"><path d="M3.5 8.33875L4.3225 9.16125L7 6.48959L9.6775 9.16125L10.5 8.33875L7 4.83875L3.5 8.33875Z" fill="black"></path></svg><span class="lsd-typography lsd-typography--body2 lsd-typography--primary">Peer Discovery</span></a><button aria-label="Toggle the collapsible sidebar category &#x27;Peer Discovery&#x27;" type="button" class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div></li></ul></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/learn/security-features">Security Features</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-category theme-doc-sidebar-item-category-level-1 menu__list-item menu__list-item--collapsed"><div class="menu__list-item-collapsible"><a class="menu__link menu__link--sublist" aria-expanded="false" href="/learn/research/"><svg width="14" height="14" viewBox="0 0 14 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="chevron_How5 lsd-icon lsd-icon--small lsd-icon--filled"><path d="M3.5 8.33875L4.3225 9.16125L7 6.48959L9.6775 9.16125L10.5 8.33875L7 4.83875L3.5 8.33875Z" fill="black"></path></svg><span class="lsd-typography lsd-typography--body2 lsd-typography--primary">Research</span></a><button aria-label="Toggle the collapsible sidebar category &#x27;Research&#x27;" type="button" class="clean-btn menu__caret"></button></div></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/learn/waku-vs-libp2p">Comparing Waku and libp2p</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link menu__link--active" aria-current="page" href="/learn/glossary">Glossary</a></li><li class="theme-doc-sidebar-item-link theme-doc-sidebar-item-link-level-1 menu__list-item"><a class="menu__link" href="/learn/faq">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></aside><main class="docMainContainer_TBSr"><div class="container padding-top--md padding-bottom--lg"><div class="row docItemGrid_SzoZ"><div class="docItemCol_F52z"><div class="docItemContainer_hrrU"><article><div class="theme-doc-markdown markdown"><header><h1>Waku Docs Glossary</h1></header>
<p>Definitions and usage of the terminology used in the Waku ecosystem.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="bootstrapping">Bootstrapping<a href="#bootstrapping" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Bootstrapping" title="Direct link to Bootstrapping">​</a></h3>
<p>Bootstrapping is the initial entry point of a <a href="#node">node</a> to the <a href="#waku-network">Waku Network</a>. Once connected, other <a href="#peer-discovery">peer discovery</a> methods can be employed to locate other <a href="#peer">peers</a> in the network.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="content-topic"><a href="/learn/concepts/content-topics">Content topic</a><a href="#content-topic" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to content-topic" title="Direct link to content-topic">​</a></h3>
<p>A content topic is a string attached to <a href="#waku-message">messages</a> to enable <a href="#protocol">protocol-level</a> features like selective message processing and retrieval based on specific criteria.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="dappnode"><a href="https://dappnode.com/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Dappnode</a><a href="#dappnode" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to dappnode" title="Direct link to dappnode">​</a></h3>
<p>Dappnode is an open-source platform that simplifies the hosting and management of decentralised applications and blockchain nodes, including <a href="#waku">Waku</a>.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="discv5"><a href="/learn/concepts/discv5">Discv5</a><a href="#discv5" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to discv5" title="Direct link to discv5">​</a></h3>
<p>Discv5 is a <a href="#peer-discovery">peer discovery</a> mechanism using a Distributed Hash Table (DHT) to store <a href="#enr">ENR</a> records, providing censorship resistance, load distribution, and enhanced network resilience.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="dns-discovery"><a href="/learn/concepts/dns-discovery">DNS discovery</a><a href="#dns-discovery" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to dns-discovery" title="Direct link to dns-discovery">​</a></h3>
<p>DNS discovery is a <a href="#peer-discovery">peer discovery</a> mechanism that allows the retrieval of an <a href="#enr">ENR</a> tree from the TXT field of a domain name, enabling the storage of <a href="#node">node</a> connection details and promoting decentralisation.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="enr"><a href="https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-778" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ENR</a><a href="#enr" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to enr" title="Direct link to enr">​</a></h3>
<p>Ethereum Node Record (ENR) is a specification used to represent and identify <a href="#node">nodes</a>, facilitating <a href="#peer-discovery">discovery</a> and communication within the network. Besides connection details, <code>ENR</code> also includes node configuration information like enabled protocol and shards.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="filter"><a href="/learn/concepts/protocols#filter">Filter</a><a href="#filter" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to filter" title="Direct link to filter">​</a></h3>
<p>Filter is a <a href="#protocol">protocol</a> that enables <a href="#light-node">light nodes</a> to selectively subscribe to specific <a href="#waku-message">messages</a> transmitted by <a href="#peer">peers</a> using <a href="#content-topic">content topics</a>. It is designed to be a lightweight alternative for accessing the <a href="#relay">Relay</a> network.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="gossipsub"><a href="/learn/concepts/network-domains#gossip-domain">GossipSub</a><a href="#gossipsub" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to gossipsub" title="Direct link to gossipsub">​</a></h3>
<p>GossipSub is a <a href="#protocol">protocol</a> for efficient and scalable information dissemination in decentralised networks commonly used in blockchain systems.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="libp2p"><a href="https://libp2p.io/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Libp2p</a><a href="#libp2p" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to libp2p" title="Direct link to libp2p">​</a></h3>
<p>Libp2p is a modular network stack and protocol suite that allows developers to build decentralised, peer-to-peer applications across various network protocols.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="light-node">Light node<a href="#light-node" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Light node" title="Direct link to Light node">​</a></h3>
<p>A light node is a <a href="#resource-limited">resource-limited</a> device or client that leverages service nodes to access the <a href="#relay">Relay</a> network.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="light-push"><a href="/learn/concepts/protocols#light-push">Light push</a><a href="#light-push" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to light-push" title="Direct link to light-push">​</a></h3>
<p>Light push is a protocol enabling <a href="#light-node">light nodes</a> to send <a href="#waku-message">messages</a> to the <a href="#relay">Relay</a> network and receive acknowledgements confirming that a <a href="#peer">peer</a> has received them.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="mostly-offline">Mostly offline<a href="#mostly-offline" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Mostly offline" title="Direct link to Mostly offline">​</a></h3>
<p>Mostly offline devices are clients who spend most of their time offline or disconnected from the internet and only occasionally to the internet and <a href="#waku-network">Waku Network</a>. Examples include browsers and mobile phones.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="node">Node<a href="#node" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Node" title="Direct link to Node">​</a></h3>
<p>A node is a device or client that implements Waku <a href="#protocol">protocols</a> and leverages the <a href="#waku-network">Waku Network</a> to enable secure and private peer-to-peer web3 communication.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="node-key">Node key<a href="#node-key" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Node key" title="Direct link to Node key">​</a></h3>
<p>A node key is a <a href="https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Secp256k1" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Secp256k1</a> (64-char hex string) private key for generating the <a href="#peer-id">PeerID</a>, <a href="#transport">listening</a> addresses, and <a href="#peer-discovery">discovery</a> addresses of a Waku node.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="out-of-band">Out-of-band<a href="#out-of-band" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Out-of-band" title="Direct link to Out-of-band">​</a></h3>
<p>Out-of-band refers to exchanging information through a separate, secure channel distinct from the main communication method to enhance security.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="payload">Payload<a href="#payload" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Payload" title="Direct link to Payload">​</a></h3>
<p>The payload field in a <a href="#waku-message">Waku Message</a> contains the application data, serving as the business logic message transmitted between clients over Waku. Applications can encrypt the payload or employ encryption methods specified in <a href="#waku-message-payload-encryption">Waku Message Payload Encryption</a>.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="peer">Peer<a href="#peer" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Peer" title="Direct link to Peer">​</a></h3>
<p>A peer refers to other <a href="#node">nodes</a> and participants of the <a href="#waku-network">Waku Network</a> with whom communication and interaction are possible.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="peer-discovery"><a href="/learn/concepts/peer-discovery">Peer discovery</a><a href="#peer-discovery" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to peer-discovery" title="Direct link to peer-discovery">​</a></h3>
<p>Peer discovery is when a <a href="#node">node</a> locates and gets information about other <a href="#peer">peers</a> in the <a href="#waku-network">Waku Network</a>.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="peer-exchange"><a href="/learn/concepts/peer-exchange">Peer exchange</a><a href="#peer-exchange" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to peer-exchange" title="Direct link to peer-exchange">​</a></h3>
<p>Peer exchange is a <a href="#peer-discovery">peer discovery</a> mechanism that enables <a href="#light-node">light nodes</a> to request and receive peers from other nodes in the network, allowing them to bootstrap and expand their connections without depending on <a href="#discv5">Discv5</a>.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="peer-id">Peer ID<a href="#peer-id" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Peer ID" title="Direct link to Peer ID">​</a></h3>
<p><code>PeerID</code> is the unique identifier of a <a href="#node">node</a> in the <a href="#waku-network">Waku Network</a> generated from the cryptographic hash of the node&#x27;s public key.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="protocol"><a href="/learn/concepts/protocols">Protocol</a><a href="#protocol" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to protocol" title="Direct link to protocol">​</a></h3>
<p>A protocol is a set of rules that enables <a href="#node">nodes</a> within the <a href="#waku-network">Waku Network</a> to perform various functionalities such as message sending, relaying, filtering, storing, retrieving, and more.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="pubsub">Pub/Sub<a href="#pubsub" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Pub/Sub" title="Direct link to Pub/Sub">​</a></h3>
<p>Publish/Subscribe (Pub/Sub) is an asynchronous messaging pattern where publishers send messages to topics, and subscribers receive messages from topics of interest, allowing efficient one-to-many communication.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="pubsub-topic">Pub/Sub topic<a href="#pubsub-topic" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Pub/Sub topic" title="Direct link to Pub/Sub topic">​</a></h3>
<p>A Pub/Sub topic is a string that serves as an identifier for the topic of interest among <a href="#gossipsub">GossipSub</a> peers. Peers interested in the same topic are likely to maintain a connection and forward messages received on that topic.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="rate-limit-nullifiers"><a href="https://rate-limiting-nullifier.github.io/rln-docs/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rate limit nullifiers</a><a href="#rate-limit-nullifiers" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to rate-limit-nullifiers" title="Direct link to rate-limit-nullifiers">​</a></h3>
<p>Rate Limit Nullifiers (RLN) are a construct based on zero-knowledge proofs that enables rate limiting functionality while preserving the users&#x27;s anonymity.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="relay"><a href="/learn/concepts/protocols#relay">Relay</a><a href="#relay" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to relay" title="Direct link to relay">​</a></h3>
<p>Relay is a <a href="#protocol">protocol</a> that extends the <a href="#gossipsub">GossipSub protocol</a> to enable secure and censorship resistant <a href="#waku-message">message</a> sending and receiving among <a href="#peer">peers</a> while preserving privacy. It also scales the <a href="#waku-network">Waku Network</a> to accommodate many nodes efficiently.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="resource-limited">Resource-limited<a href="#resource-limited" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Resource-limited" title="Direct link to Resource-limited">​</a></h3>
<p>Resource-limited refers to environments or devices restricting available resources, including bandwidth, CPU, memory, disk, and battery power.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="rln-relay"><a href="/learn/concepts/protocols#rln-relay">RLN relay</a><a href="#rln-relay" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to rln-relay" title="Direct link to rln-relay">​</a></h3>
<p>RLN Relay is an extension of the <a href="#relay">Relay protocol</a> that uses <a href="#rate-limit-nullifiers">Rate Limit Nullifiers (RLN)</a> to prevent spam economically by enforcing a rate limit on messages over time, imposing penalties, and facilitating network removal for spammers.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="sdk"><a href="/">SDK</a><a href="#sdk" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to sdk" title="Direct link to sdk">​</a></h3>
<p>SDKs are tools, libraries, and resources to integrate Waku&#x27;s private, secure, and censorship-free communication features into various applications.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="store"><a href="/learn/concepts/protocols#store">Store</a><a href="#store" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to store" title="Direct link to store">​</a></h3>
<p>Store is a <a href="#protocol">protocol</a> that enables the storage of relayed <a href="#waku-message">messages</a> in the network, allowing offline peers to retrieve missed messages upon reconnecting to the network.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="transport"><a href="/learn/concepts/transports">Transport</a><a href="#transport" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to transport" title="Direct link to transport">​</a></h3>
<p>A transport is a network mechanism that establishes connections between <a href="#peer">peers</a> and enables efficient transmission, routing, and delivery of data packets.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="waku">Waku<a href="#waku" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Waku" title="Direct link to Waku">​</a></h3>
<p>Waku is a family of private, secure, decentralised, and peer-to-peer web3 communication <a href="#protocol">protocols</a> designed to operate in <a href="#resource-limited">resource-limited</a> environments and suitable for <a href="#node">node</a> or desktop application use. Additionally, these protocols collectively form the <a href="#waku-network">Waku Network</a>.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="waku-message"><a href="/learn/concepts/protocols#waku-message">Waku message</a><a href="#waku-message" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to waku-message" title="Direct link to waku-message">​</a></h3>
<p>Waku Message defines the structure of messages in the <a href="#waku-network">Waku Network</a>, including the <a href="#content-topic">content topic</a>, <a href="#payload">payload</a>, and metadata for application-specific processing.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="waku-message-payload-encryption"><a href="https://rfc.vac.dev/waku/standards/application/26/payload" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Waku message payload encryption</a><a href="#waku-message-payload-encryption" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to waku-message-payload-encryption" title="Direct link to waku-message-payload-encryption">​</a></h3>
<p>Waku Message Payload Encryption provides guidelines for implementing secure and private communication in the <a href="#waku-network">Waku Network</a>. It covers encryption, decryption, and signing methods for message <a href="#payload">payloads</a>, focusing on confidentiality, authenticity, integrity, and unlinkability.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="waku-network"><a href="/learn/">Waku network</a><a href="#waku-network" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to waku-network" title="Direct link to waku-network">​</a></h3>
<p>The Waku Network is an open-access, scalable peer-to-peer messaging network emphasizing privacy protection and accessibility to <a href="#resource-limited">resource limited</a> devices.</p>
<h3 class="anchor anchorWithHideOnScrollNavbar_WYt5" id="waku-noise">Waku noise<a href="#waku-noise" class="hash-link" aria-label="Direct link to Waku noise" title="Direct link to Waku noise">​</a></h3>
<p>Waku Noise is a specified way to use the <a href="http://noiseprotocol.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Noise Protocol Framework</a> to build protocols that enable secure key-exchange mechanisms for encrypted communication with confidentiality, authenticity, integrity, strong forward secrecy, and identity-hiding properties.</p></div><footer class="theme-doc-footer docusaurus-mt-lg"><div class="row margin-top--sm theme-doc-footer-edit-meta-row"><div class="col"><a href="https://github.com/waku-org/docs.waku.org/tree/develop/docs/learn/glossary.md" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener" class="theme-edit-this-page"><div class="icon_S7Kx m_thRi"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="16" height="16" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill="#fff" fill-rule="evenodd" d="m12.707 2.393.9.9c.526.52.526 1.367 0 1.887L4.787 14H2v-2.787l6.933-6.94 1.887-1.88c.52-.52 1.367-.52 1.887 0M3.333 12.667l.94.04 6.547-6.554-.94-.94-6.547 6.547z" 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