diff --git a/carnot/beaconized_carnot.py b/carnot/beaconized_carnot.py
index 32b4863..3dd1d7f 100644
--- a/carnot/beaconized_carnot.py
+++ b/carnot/beaconized_carnot.py
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ class BeaconizedCarnot(Carnot):
         self.random_beacon = RandomBeaconHandler(
             RecoveryMode.generate_beacon(entropy, -1)
         )
-        overlay.set_entropy(self.random_beacon.last_beacon.entropy())
         super().__init__(self.pk, overlay=overlay)
 
     def approve_block(self, block: BeaconizedBlock, votes: Set[Vote]) -> Event:
@@ -45,13 +44,13 @@ class BeaconizedCarnot(Carnot):
         # root members send votes to next leader, we update our beacon first
         if self.overlay.is_member_of_root_committee(self.id):
             assert(self.random_beacon.verify_happy(block.beacon, block.pk, block.qc.view))
-            self.overlay.set_entropy(self.random_beacon.last_beacon.entropy())
+            self.overlay = self.overlay.advance(self.random_beacon.last_beacon.entropy())
             return Send(to=self.overlay.leader(), payload=vote)
 
         # otherwise we send to the parent committee and update the beacon second
         return_event = Send(to=self.overlay.parent_committee(self.id), payload=vote)
         assert(self.random_beacon.verify_happy(block.beacon, block.pk, block.qc.view))
-        self.overlay.set_entropy(self.random_beacon.last_beacon.entropy())
+        self.overlay = self.overlay.advance(self.random_beacon.last_beacon.entropy())
         return return_event
 
     def receive_timeout_qc(self, timeout_qc: TimeoutQc):
@@ -60,12 +59,12 @@ class BeaconizedCarnot(Carnot):
             return
         new_beacon = RecoveryMode.generate_beacon(self.random_beacon.last_beacon.entropy(), timeout_qc.view)
         self.random_beacon.verify_unhappy(new_beacon, timeout_qc.view)
-        self.overlay.set_entropy(self.random_beacon.last_beacon.entropy())
+        self.overlay = self.overlay.advance(self.random_beacon.last_beacon.entropy())
 
     def propose_block(self, view: View, quorum: Quorum) -> Event:
-            event: Event = super().propose_block(view, quorum)
-            block = event.payload
-            beacon = NormalMode.generate_beacon(self.sk, block.qc.view)
-            block = BeaconizedBlock(view=block.view, qc=block.qc, _id=block._id, beacon=beacon, pk = G1Element.from_bytes(self.pk))
-            event.payload = block
-            return event
+        event: Event = super().propose_block(view, quorum)
+        block = event.payload
+        beacon = NormalMode.generate_beacon(self.sk, block.qc.view)
+        block = BeaconizedBlock(view=block.view, qc=block.qc, _id=block._id, beacon=beacon, pk = G1Element.from_bytes(self.pk))
+        event.payload = block
+        return event
diff --git a/carnot/overlay.py b/carnot/overlay.py
index c68b3ea..ae51722 100644
--- a/carnot/overlay.py
+++ b/carnot/overlay.py
@@ -1,25 +1,34 @@
 import random
 from abc import abstractmethod
-from typing import Set, Optional, List
+from typing import Set, Optional, List, Self
 from carnot import Overlay, Id, Committee, View
 
 
 class EntropyOverlay(Overlay):
     @abstractmethod
-    def set_entropy(self, entropy: bytes):
+    def advance(self, entropy: bytes) -> Self:
         pass
 
 
 class FlatOverlay(EntropyOverlay):
-    def set_entropy(self, entropy: bytes):
+
+    def __init__(self, current_leader: Id, nodes: List[Id], entropy: bytes):
+        self.current_leader = current_leader
+        self.nodes = nodes
         self.entropy = entropy
 
+    def next_leader(self) -> Id:
+        random.seed(a=self.entropy, version=2)
+        return random.choice(self.nodes)
+
+    def advance(self, entropy: bytes):
+        return FlatOverlay(self.next_leader(), self.nodes, entropy)
+
     def is_leader(self, _id: Id):
         return _id == self.leader()
 
     def leader(self) -> Id:
-        random.seed(a=self.entropy, version=2)
-        return random.choice(self.nodes)
+        return self.current_leader
 
     def is_member_of_leaf_committee(self, _id: Id) -> bool:
         return True
@@ -48,9 +57,5 @@ class FlatOverlay(EntropyOverlay):
     def super_majority_threshold(self, _id: Id) -> int:
         return 0
 
-    def __init__(self, nodes: List[Id]):
-        self.nodes = nodes
-        self.entropy = None
-
 
 
diff --git a/carnot/test_beaconized_carnot.py b/carnot/test_beaconized_carnot.py
index 268ef83..36ffc57 100644
--- a/carnot/test_beaconized_carnot.py
+++ b/carnot/test_beaconized_carnot.py
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import random
 from typing import Dict, List
 from unittest import TestCase
 from itertools import chain
@@ -5,21 +6,19 @@ from itertools import chain
 from blspy import PrivateKey
 
 from carnot import Id, Carnot, Block, Overlay, Vote, StandardQc, NewView
-from beacon import generate_random_sk, RandomBeacon, NormalMode
+from beacon import generate_random_sk, RandomBeacon, NormalMode, RecoveryMode
 from beaconized_carnot import BeaconizedCarnot, BeaconizedBlock
 from overlay import FlatOverlay, EntropyOverlay
 from test_unhappy_path import parents_from_childs
 
 
 def gen_node(sk: PrivateKey, overlay: Overlay, entropy: bytes = b""):
-    node = BeaconizedCarnot(sk, overlay)
+    node = BeaconizedCarnot(sk, overlay, entropy)
     return node.id, node
 
 
-def succeed(nodes: Dict[Id, BeaconizedCarnot], proposed_block: BeaconizedBlock) -> (List[Vote], EntropyOverlay):
-    overlay = FlatOverlay(list(nodes.keys()))
-    overlay.set_entropy(proposed_block.beacon.entropy())
-
+def succeed(nodes: Dict[Id, BeaconizedCarnot], proposed_block: BeaconizedBlock, overlay: EntropyOverlay) -> (List[Vote], EntropyOverlay):
+    overlay = overlay.advance(proposed_block.beacon.entropy())
     # broadcast the block
     for node in nodes.values():
         node.receive_block(proposed_block)
@@ -47,9 +46,8 @@ def succeed(nodes: Dict[Id, BeaconizedCarnot], proposed_block: BeaconizedBlock)
     return root_votes, overlay
 
 
-def fail(nodes: Dict[Id, BeaconizedCarnot], proposed_block: BeaconizedBlock) -> (List[NewView], EntropyOverlay):
-    overlay = FlatOverlay(list(nodes.keys()))
-    overlay.set_entropy(proposed_block.beacon.entropy)
+def fail(nodes: Dict[Id, BeaconizedCarnot], proposed_block: BeaconizedBlock, overlay: EntropyOverlay) -> (List[NewView], EntropyOverlay):
+    overlay = overlay.advance(proposed_block.beacon.entropy())
     # broadcast the block
     for node in nodes.values():
         node.receive_block(proposed_block)
@@ -106,7 +104,7 @@ def add_genesis_block(carnot: BeaconizedCarnot, sk: PrivateKey) -> Block:
     carnot.receive_block(genesis_block)
     carnot.local_high_qc = genesis_block.qc
     carnot.current_view = 1
-    carnot.overlay.set_entropy(beacon.entropy())
+    carnot.overlay = carnot.overlay.advance(beacon.entropy())
     return genesis_block
 
 
@@ -114,10 +112,14 @@ def initial_setup(test_case: TestCase, size: int) -> (Dict[Id, Carnot], Carnot,
     keys = [generate_random_sk() for _ in range(size)]
     nodes_ids = [bytes(key.get_g1()) for key in keys]
     genesis_sk = generate_random_sk()
-    nodes = dict(gen_node(key, FlatOverlay(nodes_ids), bytes(genesis_sk.get_g1())) for key in keys)
+    entropy = RecoveryMode.generate_beacon(bytes(genesis_sk), -1).entropy()
+
+    random.seed(a=entropy, version=2)
+    current_leader = random.choice(nodes_ids)
+
+    nodes = dict(gen_node(key, FlatOverlay(current_leader, nodes_ids, entropy), entropy) for key in keys)
     genesis_block = None
-    overlay = FlatOverlay(nodes_ids)
-    overlay.set_entropy(NormalMode.generate_beacon(genesis_sk, -1).entropy())
+    overlay = FlatOverlay(current_leader, nodes_ids, entropy)
     leader: Carnot = nodes[overlay.leader()]
     for node in nodes.values():
         genesis_block = add_genesis_block(node, genesis_sk)
@@ -135,8 +137,7 @@ def initial_setup(test_case: TestCase, size: int) -> (Dict[Id, Carnot], Carnot,
     )
     proposed_block = leader.propose_block(1, genesis_votes).payload
     test_case.assertIsNotNone(proposed_block)
-    overlay = FlatOverlay(nodes_ids)
-    overlay.set_entropy(genesis_block.beacon.entropy())
+    overlay = overlay.advance(genesis_block.beacon.entropy())
     return nodes, leader, proposed_block, overlay
 
 
@@ -151,25 +152,25 @@ class TestBeaconizedCarnot(TestCase):
         nodes, leader, proposed_block, overlay = initial_setup(self, 5)
 
         for view in range(2, 5):
-            root_votes, overlay = succeed(nodes, proposed_block)
+            root_votes, overlay = succeed(nodes, proposed_block, overlay)
             leader = nodes[overlay.leader()]
             proposed_block = leader.propose_block(view, root_votes).payload
 
-        root_votes, overlay = fail(nodes, proposed_block)
+        root_votes, overlay = fail(nodes, proposed_block, overlay)
         leader = nodes[overlay.leader()]
         proposed_block = leader.propose_block(6, root_votes).payload
 
         for view in range(7, 8):
-            root_votes, overlay = succeed(nodes, proposed_block)
+            root_votes, overlay = succeed(nodes, proposed_block, overlay)
             leader = nodes[overlay.leader()]
             proposed_block = leader.propose_block(view, root_votes).payload
 
-        root_votes, overlay = fail(nodes, proposed_block)
+        root_votes, overlay = fail(nodes, proposed_block, overlay)
         leader = nodes[overlay.leader()]
         proposed_block = leader.propose_block(9, root_votes).payload
 
         for view in range(10, 15):
-            root_votes, overlay = succeed(nodes, proposed_block)
+            root_votes, overlay = succeed(nodes, proposed_block, overlay)
             leader = nodes[overlay.leader()]
             proposed_block = leader.propose_block(view, root_votes).payload