Random beacon v1 (#24)
* Implement beacon verification and handling module * Create beacon tests and fix encountered problems * Refactor tests * Add mixed happy/unhappy test * Clean unused import * Add requirements.txt * Add beacon to package * Resolve relative import * Fmt * Refactor BeaconHandler -> RandomBeaconHandler Remove unused verification calls * Change view bytes encoding Extract generating private key * Bring back old trusty carnot * Added beaconized carnot module * Implement flat overlay * Refactor overlay next leader * Implement beaconized carnot * Fill proposed block on beaconized carnot * Sketch and update for testing purposes * Step up beaconized test * Fix missing leader selection * Fix random beacon test * Use recovery mode for random beacon initialization * Expose entropy as constructor parameter
This commit is contained in:
Daniel Sanchez
GitHub
parent
c2e05a48c5
commit
5a169039b5
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@ -13,5 +13,7 @@ jobs:
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with:
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# Semantic version range syntax or exact version of a Python version
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python-version: '3.x'
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- name: Install dependencies
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run: pip install -r requirements.txt
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- name: Run tests
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run: cd carnot && python -m unittest
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@ -1 +1,2 @@
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from .carnot import *
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from .beacon import RandomBeaconHandler
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@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
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# typing imports
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from dataclasses import dataclass
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from random import randint
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from typing import TypeAlias
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# carnot imports
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# lib imports
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from blspy import PrivateKey, Util, PopSchemeMPL, G2Element, G1Element
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# stdlib imports
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from hashlib import sha256
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View: TypeAlias = int
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Beacon: TypeAlias = bytes
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Proof: TypeAlias = bytes # For now this is gonna be a public key, in future research we may pivot to zk proofs.
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def generate_random_sk() -> PrivateKey:
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seed = bytes([randint(0, 255) for _ in range(32)])
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return PopSchemeMPL.key_gen(seed)
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@dataclass
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class RandomBeacon:
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version: int
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context: View
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entropy: Beacon
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# TODO: Just the happy path beacons owns a proof, we can set the proof to empty bytes for now.
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# Probably we should separate this into two kinds of beacons and group them under a single type later on.
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proof: Proof
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class NormalMode:
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@staticmethod
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def verify(beacon: RandomBeacon) -> bool:
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"""
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:param proof: BLS signature
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:param beacon: Beacon is signature for current view
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:param view: View to verify beacon upon
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:return:
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"""
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# TODO: Actually verify that the message is propoerly signed
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sig = G2Element.from_bytes(beacon.entropy)
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proof = G1Element.from_bytes(beacon.proof)
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return PopSchemeMPL.verify(proof, Util.hash256(str(beacon.context).encode()), sig)
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@staticmethod
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def generate_beacon(private_key: PrivateKey, view: View) -> Beacon:
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return bytes(PopSchemeMPL.sign(private_key, Util.hash256(str(view).encode())))
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class RecoveryMode:
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@staticmethod
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def verify(last_beacon: RandomBeacon, beacon: RandomBeacon) -> bool:
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"""
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:param last_beacon: Unhappy -> last working beacon (signature), Happy -> Hash of previous beacon and next view number
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:param beacon:
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:param view:
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:return:
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"""
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b = sha256(last_beacon.entropy + str(beacon.context).encode()).digest()
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return b == beacon.entropy
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@staticmethod
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def generate_beacon(last_beacon: Beacon, view: View) -> Beacon:
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return sha256(last_beacon + str(view).encode()).digest()
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class RandomBeaconHandler:
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def __init__(self, beacon: RandomBeacon):
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"""
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:param beacon: Beacon should be initialized with either the last known working beacon from recovery.
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Or the hash of the genesis block in case of first consensus round.
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:return: Self
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"""
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self.last_beacon: RandomBeacon = beacon
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def verify_happy(self, new_beacon: RandomBeacon) -> bool:
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if NormalMode.verify(new_beacon):
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self.last_beacon = new_beacon
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return True
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return False
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def verify_unhappy(self, new_beacon: RandomBeacon) -> bool:
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if RecoveryMode.verify(self.last_beacon, new_beacon):
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self.last_beacon = new_beacon
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return True
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return False
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@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
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from typing import Set
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from carnot import Carnot, Block, TimeoutQc, Vote, Event, Send, Quorum
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from beacon import *
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from overlay import EntropyOverlay
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@dataclass
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class BeaconizedBlock(Block):
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beacon: RandomBeacon
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class BeaconizedCarnot(Carnot):
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def __init__(self, sk: PrivateKey, overlay: EntropyOverlay, entropy: bytes = b""):
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self.sk = sk
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self.pk = bytes(self.sk.get_g1())
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self.random_beacon = RandomBeaconHandler(
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RandomBeacon(
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version=0,
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context=-1,
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entropy=RecoveryMode.generate_beacon(entropy, -1),
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proof=self.pk
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)
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)
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overlay.set_entropy(self.random_beacon.last_beacon.entropy)
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super().__init__(self.pk, overlay=overlay)
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def approve_block(self, block: BeaconizedBlock, votes: Set[Vote]) -> Event:
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assert block.id() in self.safe_blocks
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assert len(votes) == self.overlay.super_majority_threshold(self.id)
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assert all(self.overlay.is_member_of_child_committee(self.id, vote.voter) for vote in votes)
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assert all(vote.block == block.id() for vote in votes)
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assert self.highest_voted_view < block.view
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if self.overlay.is_member_of_root_committee(self.id):
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qc = self.build_qc(block.view, block, None)
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else:
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qc = None
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vote: Vote = Vote(
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block=block.id(),
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voter=self.id,
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view=block.view,
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qc=qc
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)
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self.highest_voted_view = max(self.highest_voted_view, block.view)
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# root members send votes to next leader, we update our beacon first
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if self.overlay.is_member_of_root_committee(self.id):
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self.random_beacon.verify_happy(block.beacon)
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self.overlay.set_entropy(self.random_beacon.last_beacon.entropy)
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return Send(to=self.overlay.leader(), payload=vote)
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# otherwise we send to the parent committee and update the beacon second
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return_event = Send(to=self.overlay.parent_committee(self.id), payload=vote)
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self.random_beacon.verify_happy(block.beacon)
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self.overlay.set_entropy(self.random_beacon.last_beacon.entropy)
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return return_event
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def receive_timeout_qc(self, timeout_qc: TimeoutQc):
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super().receive_timeout_qc(timeout_qc)
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if timeout_qc.view < self.current_view:
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return
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entropy = RecoveryMode.generate_beacon(self.random_beacon.last_beacon.entropy, timeout_qc.view)
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new_beacon = RandomBeacon(
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version=0,
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context=self.current_view,
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entropy=entropy,
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proof=b""
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)
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self.random_beacon.verify_unhappy(new_beacon)
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self.overlay.set_entropy(self.random_beacon.last_beacon.entropy)
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def propose_block(self, view: View, quorum: Quorum) -> Event:
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beacon = RandomBeacon(
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version=0,
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context=self.current_view,
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entropy=NormalMode.generate_beacon(self.sk, self.current_view),
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proof=self.pk
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)
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event: Event = super().propose_block(view, quorum)
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block = event.payload
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block = BeaconizedBlock(view=block.view, qc=block.qc, _id=block._id, beacon=beacon)
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event.payload = block
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return event
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@ -36,9 +36,8 @@
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# Please note this is still a work in progress
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from dataclasses import dataclass
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from typing import TypeAlias, List, Set, Self, Optional, Dict, FrozenSet
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from abc import abstractmethod
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from typing import TypeAlias, List, Set, Self, Optional, Dict
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from abc import abstractmethod, ABC
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Id: TypeAlias = bytes
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View: TypeAlias = int
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@ -156,6 +155,7 @@ class Send:
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Event: TypeAlias = BroadCast | Send
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class Overlay:
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"""
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Overlay structure for a View
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@ -167,16 +167,20 @@ class Overlay:
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:param _id: Node id to be checked
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:return: true if node is the leader of the current view
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"""
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pass
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return _id == self.leader()
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@abstractmethod
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def leader(self, view: View) -> Id:
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def leader(self) -> Id:
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"""
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:param view:
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:return: the leader Id of the specified view
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"""
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pass
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@abstractmethod
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def next_leader(self) -> Id:
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pass
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@abstractmethod
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def is_member_of_leaf_committee(self, _id: Id) -> bool:
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"""
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@ -248,7 +252,7 @@ def download(view) -> Block:
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class Carnot:
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def __init__(self, _id: Id):
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def __init__(self, _id: Id, overlay=Overlay()):
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self.id: Id = _id
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# Current View counter
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# It is the view currently being processed by the node. Once a Qc is received, the view is considered completed
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@ -261,9 +265,9 @@ class Carnot:
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# Validated blocks with their validated QCs are included here. If commit conditions are satisfied for
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# each one of these blocks it will be committed.
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self.safe_blocks: Dict[Id, Block] = dict()
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# Whether the node timeed out in the last view and corresponding qc
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# Whether the node time out in the last view and corresponding qc
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self.last_view_timeout_qc: Optional[TimeoutQc] = None
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self.overlay: Overlay = Overlay() # TODO: integrate overlay
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self.overlay: Overlay = overlay
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# Committing conditions for a block
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@ -394,7 +398,7 @@ class Carnot:
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assert self.highest_voted_view == vote.view
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if self.overlay.is_member_of_root_committee(self.id):
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return Send(to=self.overlay.leader(self.current_view + 1), payload=vote)
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return Send(to=self.overlay.next_leader(), payload=vote)
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def forward_new_view(self, msg: NewView) -> Optional[Event]:
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assert msg.view == self.current_view
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@ -403,7 +407,7 @@ class Carnot:
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assert self.highest_voted_view == msg.view
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if self.overlay.is_member_of_root_committee(self.id):
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return Send(to=self.overlay.leader(self.current_view + 1), payload=msg)
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return Send(to=self.overlay.next_leader(), payload=msg)
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def build_qc(self, view: View, block: Optional[Block], new_views: Optional[Set[NewView]]) -> Qc:
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# unhappy path
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@ -475,7 +479,7 @@ class Carnot:
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# A node must change its view after making sure it has the high_Qc or last_timeout_view_qc
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# from previous view.
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return (
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self.current_view == self.local_high_qc.view + 1 or
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self.current_view == self.local_high_qc.view + 1 or
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self.current_view == self.last_view_timeout_qc.view + 1 or
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(self.current_view == self.last_view_timeout_qc.view)
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)
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@ -553,7 +557,7 @@ class Carnot:
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self.highest_voted_view = max(self.highest_voted_view, view)
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if self.overlay.is_member_of_root_committee(self.id):
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return Send(payload=timeout_msg, to=[self.overlay.leader(self.current_view + 1)])
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return Send(payload=timeout_msg, to=[self.overlay.next_leader()])
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return Send(payload=timeout_msg, to=self.overlay.parent_committee(self.id))
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@ -569,7 +573,7 @@ class Carnot:
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self.update_timeout_qc(timeout_qc)
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# Update our current view and go ahead with the next step
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self.update_current_view_from_timeout_qc(timeout_qc)
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self.rebuild_overlay_from_timeout_qc(timeout_qc)
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# self.rebuild_overlay_from_timeout_qc(timeout_qc)
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def rebuild_overlay_from_timeout_qc(self, timeout_qc: TimeoutQc):
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assert timeout_qc.view >= self.current_view
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@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
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import random
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from abc import abstractmethod
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from typing import Set, Optional, List
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from carnot import Overlay, Id, Committee, View
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class EntropyOverlay(Overlay):
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@abstractmethod
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def set_entropy(self, entropy: bytes):
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pass
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class FlatOverlay(EntropyOverlay):
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def set_entropy(self, entropy: bytes):
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self.entropy = entropy
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def is_leader(self, _id: Id):
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return _id == self.leader()
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def leader(self) -> Id:
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random.seed(a=self.entropy, version=2)
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return random.choice(self.nodes)
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def is_member_of_leaf_committee(self, _id: Id) -> bool:
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return True
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def is_member_of_root_committee(self, _id: Id) -> bool:
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return True
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def is_member_of_child_committee(self, parent: Id, child: Id) -> bool:
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return False
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def parent_committee(self, _id: Id) -> Optional[Committee]:
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return None
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def leaf_committees(self) -> Set[Committee]:
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return {frozenset(self.nodes)}
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def root_committee(self) -> Committee:
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return set(self.nodes)
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def is_child_of_root_committee(self, _id: Id) -> bool:
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return True
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def leader_super_majority_threshold(self, _id: Id) -> int:
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return ((len(self.nodes) * 2) // 3) + 1
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def super_majority_threshold(self, _id: Id) -> int:
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return 0
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def __init__(self, nodes: List[Id]):
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self.nodes = nodes
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self.entropy = None
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@ -0,0 +1,73 @@
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from typing import Tuple
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from unittest import TestCase
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from beacon import *
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from random import randint
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class TestRandomBeaconVerification(TestCase):
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@staticmethod
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def happy_entropy_and_proof(view: View) -> Tuple[Beacon, Proof]:
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sk = generate_random_sk()
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beacon = NormalMode.generate_beacon(sk, view)
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return bytes(beacon), bytes(sk.get_g1())
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@staticmethod
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def unhappy_entropy(last_beacon: Beacon, view: View) -> Beacon:
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return RecoveryMode.generate_beacon(last_beacon, view)
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def setUp(self):
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entropy, proof = self.happy_entropy_and_proof(0)
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self.beacon = RandomBeaconHandler(
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beacon=RandomBeacon(
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version=0,
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context=0,
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entropy=entropy,
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proof=proof
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)
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)
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def test_happy(self):
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for i in range(3):
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entropy, proof = self.happy_entropy_and_proof(i)
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new_beacon = RandomBeacon(
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version=0,
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context=i,
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entropy=entropy,
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proof=proof
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)
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self.beacon.verify_happy(new_beacon)
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self.assertEqual(self.beacon.last_beacon.context, 2)
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def test_unhappy(self):
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for i in range(1, 3):
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entropy = self.unhappy_entropy(self.beacon.last_beacon.entropy, i)
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new_beacon = RandomBeacon(
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version=0,
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context=i,
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entropy=entropy,
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proof=b""
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)
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self.beacon.verify_unhappy(new_beacon)
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self.assertEqual(self.beacon.last_beacon.context, 2)
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def test_mixed(self):
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for i in range(1, 6, 2):
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entropy, proof = self.happy_entropy_and_proof(i)
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new_beacon = RandomBeacon(
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version=0,
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context=i,
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entropy=entropy,
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proof=proof
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)
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self.beacon.verify_happy(new_beacon)
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entropy = self.unhappy_entropy(self.beacon.last_beacon.entropy, i+1)
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new_beacon = RandomBeacon(
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version=0,
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context=i+1,
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entropy=entropy,
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proof=b""
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)
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self.beacon.verify_unhappy(new_beacon)
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self.assertEqual(self.beacon.last_beacon.context, 6)
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@ -0,0 +1,184 @@
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from typing import Dict, List
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from unittest import TestCase
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from itertools import chain
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from blspy import PrivateKey
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from carnot import Id, Carnot, Block, Overlay, Vote, StandardQc, NewView
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from beacon import generate_random_sk, RandomBeacon, NormalMode
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from beconized_carnot import BeaconizedCarnot, BeaconizedBlock
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from overlay import FlatOverlay, EntropyOverlay
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from test_unhappy_path import parents_from_childs
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def gen_node(sk: PrivateKey, overlay: Overlay, entropy: bytes = b""):
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node = BeaconizedCarnot(sk, overlay)
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return node.id, node
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def succeed(nodes: Dict[Id, BeaconizedCarnot], proposed_block: BeaconizedBlock) -> (List[Vote], EntropyOverlay):
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overlay = FlatOverlay(list(nodes.keys()))
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overlay.set_entropy(proposed_block.beacon.entropy)
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# broadcast the block
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for node in nodes.values():
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node.receive_block(proposed_block)
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|
||||
votes = {}
|
||||
childs_ids = list(chain.from_iterable(overlay.leaf_committees()))
|
||||
leafs = [nodes[_id] for _id in childs_ids]
|
||||
for node in leafs:
|
||||
vote = node.approve_block(proposed_block, set()).payload
|
||||
votes[node.id] = vote
|
||||
|
||||
while len(parents := parents_from_childs(overlay, childs_ids)) != 0:
|
||||
for node_id in parents:
|
||||
node = nodes[node_id]
|
||||
child_votes = [votes[_id] for _id in votes.keys() if overlay.is_member_of_child_committee(node_id, _id)]
|
||||
if len(child_votes) == overlay.super_majority_threshold(node_id) and node_id not in votes:
|
||||
vote = node.approve_block(proposed_block, child_votes).payload
|
||||
votes[node_id] = vote
|
||||
childs_ids = list(set(parents))
|
||||
|
||||
root_votes = [
|
||||
votes[node_id]
|
||||
for node_id in nodes
|
||||
if overlay.is_member_of_root_committee(node_id) or overlay.is_child_of_root_committee(node_id)
|
||||
]
|
||||
return root_votes, overlay
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def fail(nodes: Dict[Id, BeaconizedCarnot], proposed_block: BeaconizedBlock) -> (List[NewView], EntropyOverlay):
|
||||
overlay = FlatOverlay(list(nodes.keys()))
|
||||
overlay.set_entropy(proposed_block.beacon.entropy)
|
||||
# broadcast the block
|
||||
for node in nodes.values():
|
||||
node.receive_block(proposed_block)
|
||||
|
||||
node: BeaconizedCarnot
|
||||
timeouts = []
|
||||
for node in (nodes[_id] for _id in nodes if overlay.is_member_of_root_committee(_id) or overlay.is_child_of_root_committee(_id)):
|
||||
timeout = node.local_timeout().payload
|
||||
timeouts.append(timeout)
|
||||
|
||||
root_member = next(nodes[_id] for _id in nodes if overlay.is_member_of_root_committee(_id))
|
||||
timeouts = [timeouts[i] for i in range(overlay.leader_super_majority_threshold(root_member.id))]
|
||||
timeout_qc = root_member.timeout_detected(timeouts).payload
|
||||
|
||||
for node in nodes.values():
|
||||
node.receive_timeout_qc(timeout_qc)
|
||||
|
||||
overlay = next(iter(nodes.values())).overlay
|
||||
|
||||
votes = {}
|
||||
childs_ids = list(chain.from_iterable(overlay.leaf_committees()))
|
||||
leafs = [nodes[_id] for _id in childs_ids]
|
||||
for node in leafs:
|
||||
vote = node.approve_new_view(timeout_qc, set()).payload
|
||||
votes[node.id] = vote
|
||||
|
||||
while len(parents := parents_from_childs(overlay, childs_ids)) != 0:
|
||||
for node_id in parents:
|
||||
node = nodes[node_id]
|
||||
child_votes = [votes[_id] for _id in votes.keys() if overlay.is_member_of_child_committee(node_id, _id)]
|
||||
if len(child_votes) == overlay.super_majority_threshold(node_id) and node_id not in votes:
|
||||
vote = node.approve_new_view(timeout_qc, child_votes).payload
|
||||
votes[node_id] = vote
|
||||
childs_ids = list(set(parents))
|
||||
|
||||
root_votes = [
|
||||
votes[node_id]
|
||||
for node_id in nodes
|
||||
if overlay.is_member_of_root_committee(node_id) or overlay.is_child_of_root_committee(node_id)
|
||||
]
|
||||
return root_votes, overlay
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def add_genesis_block(carnot: BeaconizedCarnot, sk: PrivateKey) -> Block:
|
||||
entropy = NormalMode.generate_beacon(sk, -1)
|
||||
genesis_block = BeaconizedBlock(
|
||||
view=0,
|
||||
qc=StandardQc(block=b"", view=0),
|
||||
_id=b"",
|
||||
beacon=RandomBeacon(
|
||||
version=0,
|
||||
context=-1,
|
||||
entropy=entropy,
|
||||
proof=bytes(sk.get_g1())
|
||||
)
|
||||
)
|
||||
carnot.safe_blocks[genesis_block.id()] = genesis_block
|
||||
carnot.receive_block(genesis_block)
|
||||
carnot.local_high_qc = genesis_block.qc
|
||||
carnot.current_view = 1
|
||||
carnot.overlay.set_entropy(entropy)
|
||||
return genesis_block
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def setup_initial_setup(test_case: TestCase, size: int) -> (Dict[Id, Carnot], Carnot, Block, EntropyOverlay):
|
||||
keys = [generate_random_sk() for _ in range(size)]
|
||||
nodes_ids = [bytes(key.get_g1()) for key in keys]
|
||||
genesis_sk = generate_random_sk()
|
||||
nodes = dict(gen_node(key, FlatOverlay(nodes_ids), bytes(genesis_sk.get_g1())) for key in keys)
|
||||
genesis_block = None
|
||||
overlay = FlatOverlay(nodes_ids)
|
||||
overlay.set_entropy(NormalMode.generate_beacon(genesis_sk, -1))
|
||||
leader: Carnot = nodes[overlay.leader()]
|
||||
for node in nodes.values():
|
||||
genesis_block = add_genesis_block(node, genesis_sk)
|
||||
# votes for genesis block
|
||||
genesis_votes = set(
|
||||
Vote(
|
||||
block=genesis_block.id(),
|
||||
view=0,
|
||||
voter=nodes_ids[i],
|
||||
qc=StandardQc(
|
||||
block=genesis_block.id(),
|
||||
view=0
|
||||
),
|
||||
) for i in range(overlay.leader_super_majority_threshold(overlay.leader()))
|
||||
)
|
||||
proposed_block = leader.propose_block(1, genesis_votes).payload
|
||||
test_case.assertIsNotNone(proposed_block)
|
||||
overlay = FlatOverlay(nodes_ids)
|
||||
overlay.set_entropy(NormalMode.generate_beacon(genesis_sk, -1))
|
||||
return nodes, leader, proposed_block, overlay
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class TestBeaconizedCarnot(TestCase):
|
||||
def test_interleave_success_fails(self):
|
||||
"""
|
||||
At the end of the timeout the highQC in the next leader's aggregatedQC should be the highestQC held by the
|
||||
majority of nodes or a qc higher than th highestQC held by the majority of nodes.
|
||||
Majority means more than two thirds of total number of nodes, randomly assigned to committees.
|
||||
"""
|
||||
leader: BeaconizedCarnot
|
||||
nodes, leader, proposed_block, overlay = setup_initial_setup(self, 5)
|
||||
|
||||
for view in range(2, 5):
|
||||
root_votes, overlay = succeed(nodes, proposed_block)
|
||||
leader = nodes[overlay.leader()]
|
||||
proposed_block = leader.propose_block(view, root_votes).payload
|
||||
|
||||
root_votes, overlay = fail(nodes, proposed_block)
|
||||
leader = nodes[overlay.leader()]
|
||||
proposed_block = leader.propose_block(6, root_votes).payload
|
||||
|
||||
for view in range(7, 8):
|
||||
root_votes, overlay = succeed(nodes, proposed_block)
|
||||
leader = nodes[overlay.leader()]
|
||||
proposed_block = leader.propose_block(view, root_votes).payload
|
||||
|
||||
root_votes, overlay = fail(nodes, proposed_block)
|
||||
leader = nodes[overlay.leader()]
|
||||
proposed_block = leader.propose_block(9, root_votes).payload
|
||||
|
||||
for view in range(10, 15):
|
||||
root_votes, overlay = succeed(nodes, proposed_block)
|
||||
leader = nodes[overlay.leader()]
|
||||
proposed_block = leader.propose_block(view, root_votes).payload
|
||||
|
||||
committed_blocks = [view for view in range(1, 11) if view not in (4, 5, 7, 8)]
|
||||
for node in nodes.values():
|
||||
for view in committed_blocks:
|
||||
self.assertIn(view, [block.view for block in node.committed_blocks().values()])
|
||||
|
|
@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ def parents_from_childs(overlay: MockOverlay, childs: List[Id]) -> Set[Id]:
|
|||
return set(possible_parents) if possible_parents else set()
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def succeed(test_case: TestCase, overlay: MockOverlay, nodes: Dict[Id, MockCarnot], proposed_block: Block) -> List[Vote]:
|
||||
def succeed(test_case: TestCase, overlay: Overlay, nodes: Dict[Id, Carnot], proposed_block: Block) -> List[Vote]:
|
||||
# broadcast the block
|
||||
for node in nodes.values():
|
||||
node.receive_block(proposed_block)
|
||||
|
|
@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ def succeed(test_case: TestCase, overlay: MockOverlay, nodes: Dict[Id, MockCarno
|
|||
return root_votes
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
def fail(test_case: TestCase, overlay: MockOverlay, nodes: Dict[Id, MockCarnot], proposed_block: Block) -> List[NewView]:
|
||||
def fail(test_case: TestCase, overlay: Overlay, nodes: Dict[Id, Carnot], proposed_block: Block) -> List[NewView]:
|
||||
# broadcast the block
|
||||
for node in nodes.values():
|
||||
node.receive_block(proposed_block)
|
||||
|
|
|
|||
|
|
@ -0,0 +1 @@
|
|||
blspy~=1.0.16
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue