diff --git a/nssa/src/state.rs b/nssa/src/state.rs
index 43066bf8..c1f72b4c 100644
--- a/nssa/src/state.rs
+++ b/nssa/src/state.rs
@@ -364,10 +364,6 @@ pub mod tests {
     };
 
     impl V02State {
-        pub fn force_insert_account(&mut self, account_id: AccountId, account: Account) {
-            self.public_state.insert(account_id, account);
-        }
-
         /// Include test programs in the builtin programs map.
         #[must_use]
         pub fn with_test_programs(mut self) -> Self {
@@ -459,6 +455,455 @@ pub mod tests {
         }
     }
 
+    fn transfer_transaction(
+        from: AccountId,
+        from_key: &PrivateKey,
+        nonce: u128,
+        to: AccountId,
+        balance: u128,
+    ) -> PublicTransaction {
+        let account_ids = vec![from, to];
+        let nonces = vec![nonce];
+        let program_id = Program::authenticated_transfer_program().id();
+        let message =
+            public_transaction::Message::try_new(program_id, account_ids, nonces, balance).unwrap();
+        let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[from_key]);
+        PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set)
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn new_with_genesis() {
+        let key1 = PrivateKey::try_new([1; 32]).unwrap();
+        let key2 = PrivateKey::try_new([2; 32]).unwrap();
+        let addr1 = AccountId::from(&PublicKey::new_from_private_key(&key1));
+        let addr2 = AccountId::from(&PublicKey::new_from_private_key(&key2));
+        let initial_data = [(addr1, 100_u128), (addr2, 151_u128)];
+        let authenticated_transfers_program = Program::authenticated_transfer_program();
+        let expected_public_state = {
+            let mut this = HashMap::new();
+            this.insert(
+                addr1,
+                Account {
+                    balance: 100,
+                    program_owner: authenticated_transfers_program.id(),
+                    ..Account::default()
+                },
+            );
+            this.insert(
+                addr2,
+                Account {
+                    balance: 151,
+                    program_owner: authenticated_transfers_program.id(),
+                    ..Account::default()
+                },
+            );
+            this
+        };
+        let expected_builtin_programs = {
+            let mut this = HashMap::new();
+            this.insert(
+                authenticated_transfers_program.id(),
+                authenticated_transfers_program,
+            );
+            this.insert(Program::token().id(), Program::token());
+            this.insert(Program::amm().id(), Program::amm());
+            this
+        };
+
+        let state = V02State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&initial_data, &[]);
+
+        assert_eq!(state.public_state, expected_public_state);
+        assert_eq!(state.programs, expected_builtin_programs);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn insert_program() {
+        let mut state = V02State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&[], &[]);
+        let program_to_insert = Program::simple_balance_transfer();
+        let program_id = program_to_insert.id();
+        assert!(!state.programs.contains_key(&program_id));
+
+        state.insert_program(program_to_insert);
+
+        assert!(state.programs.contains_key(&program_id));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn get_account_by_account_id_non_default_account() {
+        let key = PrivateKey::try_new([1; 32]).unwrap();
+        let account_id = AccountId::from(&PublicKey::new_from_private_key(&key));
+        let initial_data = [(account_id, 100_u128)];
+        let state = V02State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&initial_data, &[]);
+        let expected_account = &state.public_state[&account_id];
+
+        let account = state.get_account_by_id(account_id);
+
+        assert_eq!(&account, expected_account);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn get_account_by_account_id_default_account() {
+        let addr2 = AccountId::new([0; 32]);
+        let state = V02State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&[], &[]);
+        let expected_account = Account::default();
+
+        let account = state.get_account_by_id(addr2);
+
+        assert_eq!(account, expected_account);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn builtin_programs_getter() {
+        let state = V02State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&[], &[]);
+
+        let builtin_programs = state.programs();
+
+        assert_eq!(builtin_programs, &state.programs);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn transition_from_authenticated_transfer_program_invocation_default_account_destination() {
+        let key = PrivateKey::try_new([1; 32]).unwrap();
+        let account_id = AccountId::from(&PublicKey::new_from_private_key(&key));
+        let initial_data = [(account_id, 100)];
+        let mut state = V02State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&initial_data, &[]);
+        let from = account_id;
+        let to = AccountId::new([2; 32]);
+        assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(to), Account::default());
+        let balance_to_move = 5;
+
+        let tx = transfer_transaction(from, &key, 0, to, balance_to_move);
+        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(from).balance, 95);
+        assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(to).balance, 5);
+        assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(from).nonce, 1);
+        assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(to).nonce, 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn transition_from_authenticated_transfer_program_invocation_insuficient_balance() {
+        let key = PrivateKey::try_new([1; 32]).unwrap();
+        let account_id = AccountId::from(&PublicKey::new_from_private_key(&key));
+        let initial_data = [(account_id, 100)];
+        let mut state = V02State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&initial_data, &[]);
+        let from = account_id;
+        let from_key = key;
+        let to = AccountId::new([2; 32]);
+        let balance_to_move = 101;
+        assert!(state.get_account_by_id(from).balance < balance_to_move);
+
+        let tx = transfer_transaction(from, &from_key, 0, to, balance_to_move);
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+
+        assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::ProgramExecutionFailed(_))));
+        assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(from).balance, 100);
+        assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(to).balance, 0);
+        assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(from).nonce, 0);
+        assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(to).nonce, 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn transition_from_authenticated_transfer_program_invocation_non_default_account_destination() {
+        let key1 = PrivateKey::try_new([1; 32]).unwrap();
+        let key2 = PrivateKey::try_new([2; 32]).unwrap();
+        let account_id1 = AccountId::from(&PublicKey::new_from_private_key(&key1));
+        let account_id2 = AccountId::from(&PublicKey::new_from_private_key(&key2));
+        let initial_data = [(account_id1, 100), (account_id2, 200)];
+        let mut state = V02State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&initial_data, &[]);
+        let from = account_id2;
+        let from_key = key2;
+        let to = account_id1;
+        assert_ne!(state.get_account_by_id(to), Account::default());
+        let balance_to_move = 8;
+
+        let tx = transfer_transaction(from, &from_key, 0, to, balance_to_move);
+        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(from).balance, 192);
+        assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(to).balance, 108);
+        assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(from).nonce, 1);
+        assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(to).nonce, 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn transition_from_sequence_of_authenticated_transfer_program_invocations() {
+        let key1 = PrivateKey::try_new([8; 32]).unwrap();
+        let account_id1 = AccountId::from(&PublicKey::new_from_private_key(&key1));
+        let key2 = PrivateKey::try_new([2; 32]).unwrap();
+        let account_id2 = AccountId::from(&PublicKey::new_from_private_key(&key2));
+        let initial_data = [(account_id1, 100)];
+        let mut state = V02State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&initial_data, &[]);
+        let account_id3 = AccountId::new([3; 32]);
+        let balance_to_move = 5;
+
+        let tx = transfer_transaction(account_id1, &key1, 0, account_id2, balance_to_move);
+        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+        let balance_to_move = 3;
+        let tx = transfer_transaction(account_id2, &key2, 0, account_id3, balance_to_move);
+        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+
+        assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(account_id1).balance, 95);
+        assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(account_id2).balance, 2);
+        assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(account_id3).balance, 3);
+        assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(account_id1).nonce, 1);
+        assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(account_id2).nonce, 1);
+        assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(account_id3).nonce, 0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn program_should_fail_if_modifies_nonces() {
+        let initial_data = [(AccountId::new([1; 32]), 100)];
+        let mut state =
+            V02State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&initial_data, &[]).with_test_programs();
+        let account_ids = vec![AccountId::new([1; 32])];
+        let program_id = Program::nonce_changer_program().id();
+        let message =
+            public_transaction::Message::try_new(program_id, account_ids, vec![], ()).unwrap();
+        let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
+        let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
+
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+
+        assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn program_should_fail_if_output_accounts_exceed_inputs() {
+        let initial_data = [(AccountId::new([1; 32]), 100)];
+        let mut state =
+            V02State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&initial_data, &[]).with_test_programs();
+        let account_ids = vec![AccountId::new([1; 32])];
+        let program_id = Program::extra_output_program().id();
+        let message =
+            public_transaction::Message::try_new(program_id, account_ids, vec![], ()).unwrap();
+        let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
+        let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
+
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+
+        assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn program_should_fail_with_missing_output_accounts() {
+        let initial_data = [(AccountId::new([1; 32]), 100)];
+        let mut state =
+            V02State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&initial_data, &[]).with_test_programs();
+        let account_ids = vec![AccountId::new([1; 32]), AccountId::new([2; 32])];
+        let program_id = Program::missing_output_program().id();
+        let message =
+            public_transaction::Message::try_new(program_id, account_ids, vec![], ()).unwrap();
+        let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
+        let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
+
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+
+        assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn program_should_fail_if_modifies_program_owner_with_only_non_default_program_owner() {
+        let initial_data = [(AccountId::new([1; 32]), 0)];
+        let mut state =
+            V02State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&initial_data, &[]).with_test_programs();
+        let account_id = AccountId::new([1; 32]);
+        let account = state.get_account_by_id(account_id);
+        // Assert the target account only differs from the default account in the program owner
+        // field
+        assert_ne!(account.program_owner, Account::default().program_owner);
+        assert_eq!(account.balance, Account::default().balance);
+        assert_eq!(account.nonce, Account::default().nonce);
+        assert_eq!(account.data, Account::default().data);
+        let program_id = Program::program_owner_changer().id();
+        let message =
+            public_transaction::Message::try_new(program_id, vec![account_id], vec![], ()).unwrap();
+        let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
+        let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
+
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+
+        assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn program_should_fail_if_modifies_program_owner_with_only_non_default_balance() {
+        let initial_data = [];
+        let mut state = V02State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&initial_data, &[])
+            .with_test_programs()
+            .with_non_default_accounts_but_default_program_owners();
+        let account_id = AccountId::new([255; 32]);
+        let account = state.get_account_by_id(account_id);
+        // Assert the target account only differs from the default account in balance field
+        assert_eq!(account.program_owner, Account::default().program_owner);
+        assert_ne!(account.balance, Account::default().balance);
+        assert_eq!(account.nonce, Account::default().nonce);
+        assert_eq!(account.data, Account::default().data);
+        let program_id = Program::program_owner_changer().id();
+        let message =
+            public_transaction::Message::try_new(program_id, vec![account_id], vec![], ()).unwrap();
+        let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
+        let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
+
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+
+        assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn program_should_fail_if_modifies_program_owner_with_only_non_default_nonce() {
+        let initial_data = [];
+        let mut state = V02State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&initial_data, &[])
+            .with_test_programs()
+            .with_non_default_accounts_but_default_program_owners();
+        let account_id = AccountId::new([254; 32]);
+        let account = state.get_account_by_id(account_id);
+        // Assert the target account only differs from the default account in nonce field
+        assert_eq!(account.program_owner, Account::default().program_owner);
+        assert_eq!(account.balance, Account::default().balance);
+        assert_ne!(account.nonce, Account::default().nonce);
+        assert_eq!(account.data, Account::default().data);
+        let program_id = Program::program_owner_changer().id();
+        let message =
+            public_transaction::Message::try_new(program_id, vec![account_id], vec![], ()).unwrap();
+        let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
+        let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
+
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+
+        assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn program_should_fail_if_modifies_program_owner_with_only_non_default_data() {
+        let initial_data = [];
+        let mut state = V02State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&initial_data, &[])
+            .with_test_programs()
+            .with_non_default_accounts_but_default_program_owners();
+        let account_id = AccountId::new([253; 32]);
+        let account = state.get_account_by_id(account_id);
+        // Assert the target account only differs from the default account in data field
+        assert_eq!(account.program_owner, Account::default().program_owner);
+        assert_eq!(account.balance, Account::default().balance);
+        assert_eq!(account.nonce, Account::default().nonce);
+        assert_ne!(account.data, Account::default().data);
+        let program_id = Program::program_owner_changer().id();
+        let message =
+            public_transaction::Message::try_new(program_id, vec![account_id], vec![], ()).unwrap();
+        let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
+        let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
+
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+
+        assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn program_should_fail_if_transfers_balance_from_non_owned_account() {
+        let initial_data = [(AccountId::new([1; 32]), 100)];
+        let mut state =
+            V02State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&initial_data, &[]).with_test_programs();
+        let sender_account_id = AccountId::new([1; 32]);
+        let receiver_account_id = AccountId::new([2; 32]);
+        let balance_to_move: u128 = 1;
+        let program_id = Program::simple_balance_transfer().id();
+        assert_ne!(
+            state.get_account_by_id(sender_account_id).program_owner,
+            program_id
+        );
+        let message = public_transaction::Message::try_new(
+            program_id,
+            vec![sender_account_id, receiver_account_id],
+            vec![],
+            balance_to_move,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
+        let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
+
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+
+        assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn program_should_fail_if_modifies_data_of_non_owned_account() {
+        let initial_data = [];
+        let mut state = V02State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&initial_data, &[])
+            .with_test_programs()
+            .with_non_default_accounts_but_default_program_owners();
+        let account_id = AccountId::new([255; 32]);
+        let program_id = Program::data_changer().id();
+
+        assert_ne!(state.get_account_by_id(account_id), Account::default());
+        assert_ne!(
+            state.get_account_by_id(account_id).program_owner,
+            program_id
+        );
+        let message =
+            public_transaction::Message::try_new(program_id, vec![account_id], vec![], vec![0])
+                .unwrap();
+        let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
+        let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
+
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+
+        assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn program_should_fail_if_does_not_preserve_total_balance_by_minting() {
+        let initial_data = [];
+        let mut state =
+            V02State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&initial_data, &[]).with_test_programs();
+        let account_id = AccountId::new([1; 32]);
+        let program_id = Program::minter().id();
+
+        let message =
+            public_transaction::Message::try_new(program_id, vec![account_id], vec![], ()).unwrap();
+        let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
+        let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
+
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+
+        assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn program_should_fail_if_does_not_preserve_total_balance_by_burning() {
+        let initial_data = [];
+        let mut state = V02State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&initial_data, &[])
+            .with_test_programs()
+            .with_account_owned_by_burner_program();
+        let program_id = Program::burner().id();
+        let account_id = AccountId::new([252; 32]);
+        assert_eq!(
+            state.get_account_by_id(account_id).program_owner,
+            program_id
+        );
+        let balance_to_burn: u128 = 1;
+        assert!(state.get_account_by_id(account_id).balance > balance_to_burn);
+
+        let message = public_transaction::Message::try_new(
+            program_id,
+            vec![account_id],
+            vec![],
+            balance_to_burn,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
+        let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+
+        assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
+    }
+
+    fn test_public_account_keys_1() -> TestPublicKeys {
+        TestPublicKeys {
+            signing_key: PrivateKey::try_new([37; 32]).unwrap(),
+        }
+    }
+
     pub fn test_private_account_keys_1() -> TestPrivateKeys {
         TestPrivateKeys {
             nsk: [13; 32],