Merge 640d4f6502d6c23f2d071bbf57609f6e43fd6066 into b31aecd2c064ed8544fb1195033dec5cc196942c

.deny.toml

@@ -60,6 +60,7 @@ allow-git = [
   "https://github.com/logos-blockchain/logos-blockchain.git",
   "https://github.com/logos-blockchain/logos-blockchain-circuits.git",
   "https://github.com/logos-blockchain/logos-blockchain-rust-rapidsnark.git",
+  "https://github.com/logos-blockchain/sponges",
   "https://github.com/arkworks-rs/spongefish.git",
 ]
 unknown-git = "deny"

.github/workflows/bench-regression.yml

@@ -28,10 +28,6 @@ jobs:
 
       - uses: ./.github/actions/install-risc0
 
-      - uses: ./.github/actions/install-logos-blockchain-circuits
-        with:
-          github-token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
       - name: Install active toolchain
         run: rustup install
 

Cargo.lock

@@ -1914,7 +1914,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "criterion",
  "key_protocol",
  "lee_core",
- "rand 0.8.6",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -3850,7 +3849,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "arc-swap",
  "async-stream",
- "authenticated_transfer_core",
  "borsh",
  "common",
  "futures",
@@ -4441,11 +4439,11 @@ dependencies = [
 [[package]]
 name = "keccak"
 version = "0.2.0"
-source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
-checksum = "9e24a010dd405bd7ed803e5253182815b41bf2e6a80cc3bfc066658e03a198aa"
+source = "git+https://github.com/logos-blockchain/sponges?rev=3a56e99771beedf04946eab21a4a62adc2951377#3a56e99771beedf04946eab21a4a62adc2951377"
 dependencies = [
  "cfg-if",
  "cpufeatures 0.3.0",
+ "risc0-zkvm",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -4553,7 +4551,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "anyhow",
  "borsh",
  "build_utils",
- "env_logger",
  "hex",
  "hex-literal 1.1.0",
  "k256",
@@ -4568,7 +4565,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "test-case",
  "test_methods",
  "thiserror 2.0.18",
- "token_core",
 ]
 
 [[package]]
@@ -10890,7 +10886,6 @@ dependencies = [
  "risc0-zkvm",
  "sequencer_service_rpc",
  "serde_json",
- "tempfile",
  "tokio",
  "vault_core",
  "wallet",

Cargo.toml

@@ -194,6 +194,10 @@ opt-level = 'z'
 lto = true
 codegen-units = 1
 
+# Keccak speedup for in-guest ML KEM
+[patch.crates-io]
+keccak = { git = "https://github.com/logos-blockchain/sponges", rev = "3a56e99771beedf04946eab21a4a62adc2951377" }
+
 # Keep backtraces but drop full DWARF type info to avoid LLD OOM/SIGBUS when
 # linking large integration-test binaries on resource-constrained CI runners.
 [profile.dev]
@@ -339,4 +343,4 @@ clippy.cargo = { level = "deny", priority = -1 }
 clippy.cargo-common-metadata = "allow"
 # Reason: hard to address right now and mostly comes from dependencies
 # so the fix would be just a long list of exceptions.
-clippy.multiple-crate-versions = "allow"
+clippy.multiple-crate-versions = "allow"

integration_tests/tests/account.rs

@@ -141,7 +141,11 @@ async fn import_private_account() -> Result<()> {
     let mut ctx = TestContext::new().await?;
 
     let key_chain = KeyChain::new_os_random();
-    let account_id = lee::AccountId::from((&key_chain.nullifier_public_key, 0));
+    let account_id = lee::AccountId::from((
+        &key_chain.nullifier_public_key,
+        &key_chain.viewing_public_key,
+        0,
+    ));
     let account = lee::Account {
         program_owner: programs::authenticated_transfer().id(),
         balance: 777,
@@ -198,7 +202,11 @@ async fn import_private_account_second_time_overrides_account_data() -> Result<(
     let mut ctx = TestContext::new().await?;
 
     let key_chain = KeyChain::new_os_random();
-    let account_id = lee::AccountId::from((&key_chain.nullifier_public_key, 0));
+    let account_id = lee::AccountId::from((
+        &key_chain.nullifier_public_key,
+        &key_chain.viewing_public_key,
+        0,
+    ));
     let key_chain_json =
         serde_json::to_string(&key_chain).context("Failed to serialize key chain")?;
 

integration_tests/tests/auth_transfer/private.rs

@@ -8,15 +8,14 @@ use integration_tests::{
     private_mention, public_mention, send, sync_private, verify_commitment_is_in_state,
 };
 use lee::{
-    AccountId, SharedSecretKey, execute_and_prove,
-    privacy_preserving_transaction::circuit::ProgramWithDependencies, program::Program,
+    AccountId, execute_and_prove, privacy_preserving_transaction::circuit::ProgramWithDependencies,
+    program::Program,
 };
 use lee_core::{
-    DUMMY_COMMITMENT, DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH, EncryptedAccountData, InputAccountIdentity,
-    ML_KEM_768_CIPHERTEXT_LEN, Nullifier, NullifierPublicKey,
+    DUMMY_COMMITMENT, DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH, InputAccountIdentity, Nullifier, NullifierPublicKey,
     account::{Account, AccountWithMetadata},
     compute_digest_for_path,
-    encryption::{EphemeralPublicKey, ViewingPublicKey},
+    encryption::ViewingPublicKey,
 };
 use log::info;
 use sequencer_service_rpc::RpcClient as _;
@@ -499,14 +498,14 @@ async fn shielded_transfers_to_two_identifiers_same_npk() -> Result<()> {
     sync_private(&mut ctx).await?;
 
     // Both accounts must be discovered with the correct balances.
-    let account_id_1 = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, identifier_1);
+    let account_id_1 = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, &vpk, identifier_1);
     let acc_1 = ctx
         .wallet()
         .get_account_private(account_id_1)
         .context("account for identifier 1 not found after sync")?;
     assert_eq!(acc_1.balance, 100);
 
-    let account_id_2 = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, identifier_2);
+    let account_id_2 = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, &vpk, identifier_2);
     let acc_2 = ctx
         .wallet()
         .get_account_private(account_id_2)
@@ -562,11 +561,9 @@ async fn ppt_cant_chain_call_faucet() -> Result<()> {
     let nsk: lee_core::NullifierSecretKey = [3; 32];
     let npk = NullifierPublicKey::from(&nsk);
     let vpk = ViewingPublicKey::from_bytes(vec![4_u8; 1184]).unwrap();
-    let ssk = SharedSecretKey([55_u8; 32]);
-    let epk = EphemeralPublicKey(vec![55_u8; ML_KEM_768_CIPHERTEXT_LEN]);
     let attacker_vault_id = {
         let seed = vault_core::compute_vault_seed(attacker_id);
-        AccountId::for_private_pda(&vault_program_id, &seed, &npk, 1337)
+        AccountId::for_private_pda(&vault_program_id, &seed, &npk, &vpk, 1337)
     };
     let amount: u128 = 1;
 
@@ -600,10 +597,9 @@ async fn ppt_cant_chain_call_faucet() -> Result<()> {
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::Public,
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaInit {
-                epk,
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&npk, &vpk),
+                vpk,
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
                 npk,
-                ssk,
                 identifier: 1337,
                 commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
                 seed: None,
@@ -632,8 +628,7 @@ async fn prove_init_with_commitment_root(
     let nsk: lee_core::NullifierSecretKey = [7; 32];
     let npk = NullifierPublicKey::from(&nsk);
     let vpk = ViewingPublicKey::from_bytes(vec![4_u8; 1184]).unwrap();
-    let ssk = SharedSecretKey([55_u8; 32]);
-    let recipient_account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, 0);
+    let recipient_account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, &vpk, 0);
     let recipient = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, recipient_account_id);
 
     let (output, _) = execute_and_prove(
@@ -644,10 +639,9 @@ async fn prove_init_with_commitment_root(
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::Public,
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateUnauthorized {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&npk, &vpk),
+                vpk,
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
                 npk,
-                ssk,
                 identifier: 0,
                 commitment_root,
             },
@@ -671,7 +665,8 @@ async fn init_with_dummy_commitment_root_produces_valid_root() -> Result<()> {
 
     let nsk: lee_core::NullifierSecretKey = [7; 32];
     let npk = NullifierPublicKey::from(&nsk);
-    let recipient_account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, 0);
+    let vpk = ViewingPublicKey::from_bytes(vec![4_u8; 1184]).unwrap();
+    let recipient_account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, &vpk, 0);
 
     let output = prove_init_with_commitment_root(&ctx, expected_digest).await?;
 

integration_tests/tests/private_pda.rs

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ use common::transaction::LeeTransaction;
 use integration_tests::{
     TIME_TO_WAIT_FOR_BLOCK_SECONDS, TestContext, sync_private, verify_commitment_is_in_state,
 };
-use key_protocol::key_management::ephemeral_key_holder::EphemeralKeyHolder;
 use lee::{
     AccountId, PrivacyPreservingTransaction, ProgramId,
     privacy_preserving_transaction::{
@@ -22,7 +21,7 @@ use lee::{
     program::Program,
 };
 use lee_core::{
-    DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH, EncryptedAccountData, InputAccountIdentity, NullifierPublicKey,
+    DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH, InputAccountIdentity, NullifierPublicKey,
     account::{Account, AccountWithMetadata},
     encryption::ViewingPublicKey,
     program::PdaSeed,
@@ -48,7 +47,8 @@ async fn fund_private_pda(
     amount: u128,
     auth_transfer: &ProgramWithDependencies,
 ) -> Result<()> {
-    let pda_account_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&authority_program_id, &seed, &npk, identifier);
+    let pda_account_id =
+        AccountId::for_private_pda(&authority_program_id, &seed, &npk, &vpk, identifier);
     let sender_account = wallet
         .get_account_public(sender)
         .await
@@ -60,20 +60,15 @@ async fn fund_private_pda(
     let sender_pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(sender_account.clone(), true, sender);
     let pda_pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, pda_account_id);
 
-    let eph_holder = EphemeralKeyHolder::new(&vpk);
-    let ssk = eph_holder.calculate_shared_secret_sender();
-    let epk = eph_holder.ephemeral_public_key().clone();
-
     let instruction = Program::serialize_instruction(AuthTransferInstruction::Transfer { amount })
         .context("failed to serialize auth_transfer instruction")?;
 
     let account_identities = vec![
         InputAccountIdentity::Public,
         InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaInit {
-            epk,
-            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&npk, &vpk),
+            vpk,
+            random_seed: [0; 32],
             npk,
-            ssk,
             identifier,
             commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             seed: Some((seed, authority_program_id)),
@@ -173,8 +168,8 @@ async fn private_pda_family_members_receive_and_spend() -> Result<()> {
     let spend_program =
         ProgramWithDependencies::new(proxy, [(auth_transfer_id, auth_transfer)].into());
 
-    let alice_pda_0_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&proxy_id, &seed, &alice_npk, 0);
-    let alice_pda_1_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&proxy_id, &seed, &alice_npk, 1);
+    let alice_pda_0_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&proxy_id, &seed, &alice_npk, &alice_vpk, 0);
+    let alice_pda_1_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&proxy_id, &seed, &alice_npk, &alice_vpk, 1);
 
     // Use two different public senders to avoid nonce conflicts between the back-to-back txs.
     let senders = ctx.existing_public_accounts();

integration_tests/tests/tps.rs

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ use anyhow::{Context as _, Result};
 use bytesize::ByteSize;
 use common::transaction::LeeTransaction;
 use integration_tests::{TestContext, config::SequencerPartialConfig};
-use key_protocol::key_management::ephemeral_key_holder::EphemeralKeyHolder;
 use lee::{
     Account, AccountId, PrivacyPreservingTransaction, PrivateKey, PublicKey, PublicTransaction,
     privacy_preserving_transaction::{self as pptx, circuit},
@@ -23,8 +22,7 @@ use lee::{
     public_transaction as putx,
 };
 use lee_core::{
-    DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH, EncryptedAccountData, InputAccountIdentity, MembershipProof,
-    NullifierPublicKey,
+    DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH, InputAccountIdentity, MembershipProof, NullifierPublicKey,
     account::{AccountWithMetadata, Nonce, data::Data},
     encryption::ViewingPublicKey,
 };
@@ -267,7 +265,7 @@ fn build_privacy_transaction() -> PrivacyPreservingTransaction {
             data: Data::default(),
         },
         true,
-        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&sender_npk, 0),
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&sender_npk, &sender_vpk, 0),
     );
     let recipient_nsk = [2; 32];
     let recipient_vpk = ViewingPublicKey::from_seed(&[101_u8; 32], &[102_u8; 32]);
@@ -275,17 +273,9 @@ fn build_privacy_transaction() -> PrivacyPreservingTransaction {
     let recipient_pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(
         Account::default(),
         false,
-        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&recipient_npk, 0),
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&recipient_npk, &recipient_vpk, 0),
     );
 
-    let eph_holder_from = EphemeralKeyHolder::new(&sender_vpk);
-    let sender_ss = eph_holder_from.calculate_shared_secret_sender();
-    let sender_epk = eph_holder_from.ephemeral_public_key().clone();
-
-    let eph_holder_to = EphemeralKeyHolder::new(&recipient_vpk);
-    let recipient_ss = eph_holder_to.calculate_shared_secret_sender();
-    let recipient_epk = eph_holder_to.ephemeral_public_key().clone();
-
     let balance_to_move: u128 = 1;
     let proof: MembershipProof = (
         1,
@@ -302,18 +292,17 @@ fn build_privacy_transaction() -> PrivacyPreservingTransaction {
         .unwrap(),
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-                epk: sender_epk,
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&sender_npk, &sender_vpk),
-                ssk: sender_ss,
+                vpk: sender_vpk,
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
+                view_tag: 0,
                 nsk: sender_nsk,
                 membership_proof: proof,
                 identifier: 0,
             },
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateUnauthorized {
-                epk: recipient_epk,
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&recipient_npk, &recipient_vpk),
+                vpk: recipient_vpk,
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
                 npk: recipient_npk,
-                ssk: recipient_ss,
                 identifier: 0,
                 commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             },

integration_tests/tests/wallet_ffi.rs

@@ -1012,7 +1012,11 @@ fn test_wallet_ffi_transfer_shielded() -> Result<()> {
     let (to, to_keys) = unsafe {
         let mut out_keys = FfiPrivateAccountKeys::default();
         wallet_ffi_create_private_accounts_key(wallet_ffi_handle, &raw mut out_keys).unwrap();
-        let account_id = lee::AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&out_keys.npk(), 0_u128);
+        let account_id = lee::AccountId::for_regular_private_account(
+            &out_keys.npk(),
+            &out_keys.vpk().unwrap(),
+            0_u128,
+        );
         let to: FfiBytes32 = account_id.into();
         (to, out_keys)
     };
@@ -1155,7 +1159,11 @@ fn test_wallet_ffi_transfer_private() -> Result<()> {
     let (to, to_keys) = unsafe {
         let mut out_keys = FfiPrivateAccountKeys::default();
         wallet_ffi_create_private_accounts_key(wallet_ffi_handle, &raw mut out_keys).unwrap();
-        let account_id = lee::AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&out_keys.npk(), 0_u128);
+        let account_id = lee::AccountId::for_regular_private_account(
+            &out_keys.npk(),
+            &out_keys.vpk().unwrap(),
+            0_u128,
+        );
         let to: FfiBytes32 = account_id.into();
         (to, out_keys)
     };
@@ -1236,7 +1244,11 @@ fn restore_keys_from_seed_ffi() -> Result<()> {
     let (private_account_id_1, private_account_1_keys) = unsafe {
         let mut out_keys = FfiPrivateAccountKeys::default();
         wallet_ffi_create_private_accounts_key(wallet_ffi_handle, &raw mut out_keys).unwrap();
-        let account_id = lee::AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&out_keys.npk(), 0_u128);
+        let account_id = lee::AccountId::for_regular_private_account(
+            &out_keys.npk(),
+            &out_keys.vpk().unwrap(),
+            0_u128,
+        );
         let to: FfiBytes32 = account_id.into();
         (to, out_keys)
     };
@@ -1244,7 +1256,11 @@ fn restore_keys_from_seed_ffi() -> Result<()> {
     let (private_account_id_2, private_account_2_keys) = unsafe {
         let mut out_keys = FfiPrivateAccountKeys::default();
         wallet_ffi_create_private_accounts_key(wallet_ffi_handle, &raw mut out_keys).unwrap();
-        let account_id = lee::AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&out_keys.npk(), 0_u128);
+        let account_id = lee::AccountId::for_regular_private_account(
+            &out_keys.npk(),
+            &out_keys.vpk().unwrap(),
+            0_u128,
+        );
         let to: FfiBytes32 = account_id.into();
         (to, out_keys)
     };

lee/key_protocol/src/key_management/group_key_holder.rs

@@ -351,10 +351,10 @@ mod tests {
         let program_id: ProgramId = [9; 8];
 
         let holder = GroupKeyHolder::from_gms(gms);
-        let npk = holder
-            .derive_keys_for_pda(&TEST_PROGRAM_ID, &seed)
-            .generate_nullifier_public_key();
-        let account_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &npk, u128::MAX);
+        let keys = holder.derive_keys_for_pda(&TEST_PROGRAM_ID, &seed);
+        let npk = keys.generate_nullifier_public_key();
+        let vpk = keys.generate_viewing_public_key();
+        let account_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &npk, &vpk, u128::MAX);
 
         let expected_npk = NullifierPublicKey([
             136, 176, 234, 71, 208, 8, 143, 142, 126, 155, 132, 18, 71, 27, 88, 56, 100, 90, 79,
@@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ mod tests {
         // AccountId is derived from (program_id, seed, npk), so it changes when npk changes.
         // We verify npk is pinned, and AccountId is deterministically derived from it.
         let expected_account_id =
-            AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &expected_npk, u128::MAX);
+            AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &expected_npk, &vpk, u128::MAX);
 
         assert_eq!(npk, expected_npk);
         assert_eq!(account_id, expected_account_id);
@@ -560,13 +560,16 @@ mod tests {
         let bob_holder =
             GroupKeyHolder::unseal(&sealed, &bob_vsk).expect("Bob should unseal the GMS");
 
-        let bob_npk = bob_holder
-            .derive_keys_for_pda(&TEST_PROGRAM_ID, &pda_seed)
-            .generate_nullifier_public_key();
+        let bob_group_keys = bob_holder.derive_keys_for_pda(&TEST_PROGRAM_ID, &pda_seed);
+        let bob_npk = bob_group_keys.generate_nullifier_public_key();
         assert_eq!(alice_npk, bob_npk);
 
-        let alice_account_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &pda_seed, &alice_npk, 0);
-        let bob_account_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &pda_seed, &bob_npk, 0);
+        let alice_vpk = alice_keys.generate_viewing_public_key();
+        let bob_group_vpk = bob_group_keys.generate_viewing_public_key();
+        let alice_account_id =
+            AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &pda_seed, &alice_npk, &alice_vpk, 0);
+        let bob_account_id =
+            AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &pda_seed, &bob_npk, &bob_group_vpk, 0);
         assert_eq!(alice_account_id, bob_account_id);
     }
 

lee/key_protocol/src/key_management/key_tree/keys_private.rs

@@ -94,10 +94,11 @@ impl KeyTreeNode for ChildKeysPrivate {
 
     fn account_ids(&self) -> impl Iterator<Item = lee::AccountId> {
         let npk = self.value.0.nullifier_public_key;
+        let vpk = self.value.0.viewing_public_key.clone();
         self.value
             .1
             .keys()
-            .map(move |kind| lee::AccountId::for_private_account(&npk, kind))
+            .map(move |kind| lee::AccountId::for_private_account(&npk, &vpk, kind))
     }
 }
 

lee/key_protocol/src/key_management/key_tree/mod.rs

@@ -268,6 +268,7 @@ impl KeyTree<ChildKeysPrivate> {
         let node = self.key_map.get(cci)?;
         let account_id = lee::AccountId::for_regular_private_account(
             &node.value.0.nullifier_public_key,
+            &node.value.0.viewing_public_key,
             identifier,
         );
         if self.account_id_map.contains_key(&account_id) {

lee/privacy_preserving_circuit/src/execution_state.rs

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ use std::{
 use lee_core::{
     Identifier, InputAccountIdentity, NullifierPublicKey,
     account::{Account, AccountId, AccountWithMetadata},
+    encryption::ViewingPublicKey,
     program::{
         AccountPostState, BlockValidityWindow, ChainedCall, Claim, DEFAULT_PROGRAM_ID,
         MAX_NUMBER_CHAINED_CALLS, PdaSeed, ProgramId, ProgramOutput, TimestampValidityWindow,
@@ -21,7 +22,7 @@ pub struct ExecutionState {
     block_validity_window: BlockValidityWindow,
     timestamp_validity_window: TimestampValidityWindow,
     /// Positions (in `pre_states`) of private-PDA accounts whose supplied npk has been bound to
-    /// their `AccountId` via a proven `AccountId::for_private_pda(program_id, seed, npk,
+    /// their `AccountId` via a proven `AccountId::for_private_pda(program_id, seed, npk, vpk,
     /// identifier)` check.
     /// Two proof paths populate this set: a `Claim::Pda(seed)` in a program's `post_state` on
     /// that `pre_state`, or a caller's `ChainedCall.pda_seeds` entry matching that `pre_state`
@@ -43,12 +44,13 @@ pub struct ExecutionState {
     /// `AccountId` entry or as an equality check against the existing one, making the rule: one
     /// `(program, seed)` → one account per tx.
     pda_family_binding: HashMap<(ProgramId, PdaSeed), AccountId>,
-    /// Map from a private-PDA `pre_state`'s position in `account_identities` to the (npk,
+    /// Map from a private-PDA `pre_state`'s position in `account_identities` to the (npk, vpk,
     /// identifier) supplied for that position. Built once in `derive_from_outputs` by walking
-    /// `account_identities` and consulting `npk_if_private_pda`. Used later by the claim and
+    /// `account_identities` and consulting `npk_vpk_if_private_pda`. Used later by the claim and
     /// caller-seeds authorization paths to verify
-    /// `AccountId::for_private_pda(program_id, seed, npk, identifier) == pre_state.account_id`.
-    private_pda_npk_by_position: HashMap<usize, (NullifierPublicKey, Identifier)>,
+    /// `AccountId::for_private_pda(program_id, seed, npk, vpk, identifier) ==
+    /// pre_state.account_id`.
+    private_pda_by_position: HashMap<usize, (NullifierPublicKey, ViewingPublicKey, Identifier)>,
     authorized_accounts: HashSet<AccountId>,
 }
 
@@ -59,9 +61,48 @@ impl ExecutionState {
         program_id: ProgramId,
         program_outputs: Vec<ProgramOutput>,
     ) -> Self {
-        let private_pda_npk_by_position = build_private_pda_npk_map(account_identities);
-        let (block_validity_window, timestamp_validity_window) =
-            intersect_validity_windows(&program_outputs);
+        // Build position → (npk, identifier) map for private-PDA pre_states, indexed by position
+        // in `account_identities`. The vec is documented as 1:1 with the program's pre_state
+        // order, so position here matches `pre_state_position` used downstream in
+        // `validate_and_sync_states`.
+        let mut private_pda_by_position: HashMap<
+            usize,
+            (NullifierPublicKey, ViewingPublicKey, Identifier),
+        > = HashMap::new();
+        for (pos, account_identity) in account_identities.iter().enumerate() {
+            if let Some((npk, vpk, identifier)) = account_identity.npk_vpk_if_private_pda() {
+                private_pda_by_position.insert(pos, (npk, vpk, identifier));
+            }
+        }
+
+        let block_valid_from = program_outputs
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|output| output.block_validity_window.start())
+            .max();
+        let block_valid_until = program_outputs
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|output| output.block_validity_window.end())
+            .min();
+        let ts_valid_from = program_outputs
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|output| output.timestamp_validity_window.start())
+            .max();
+        let ts_valid_until = program_outputs
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|output| output.timestamp_validity_window.end())
+            .min();
+
+        let block_validity_window: BlockValidityWindow = (block_valid_from, block_valid_until)
+            .try_into()
+            .expect(
+                "There should be non empty intersection in the program output block validity windows",
+            );
+        let timestamp_validity_window: TimestampValidityWindow =
+            (ts_valid_from, ts_valid_until)
+                .try_into()
+                .expect(
+                    "There should be non empty intersection in the program output timestamp validity windows",
+                );
 
         let mut execution_state = Self {
             pre_states: Vec::new(),
@@ -70,7 +111,7 @@ impl ExecutionState {
             timestamp_validity_window,
             private_pda_bound_positions: HashMap::new(),
             pda_family_binding: HashMap::new(),
-            private_pda_npk_by_position,
+            private_pda_by_position,
             authorized_accounts: HashSet::new(),
         };
 
@@ -99,7 +140,49 @@ impl ExecutionState {
                 panic!("Insufficient program outputs for chained calls");
             };
 
-            verify_program_output(&chained_call, caller_program_id, &program_output);
+            // Check that instruction data in chained call is the instruction data in program output
+            assert_eq!(
+                chained_call.instruction_data, program_output.instruction_data,
+                "Mismatched instruction data between chained call and program output"
+            );
+
+            // Check that `program_output` is consistent with the execution of the corresponding
+            // program.
+            let program_output_words =
+                &to_vec(&program_output).expect("program_output must be serializable");
+            env::verify(chained_call.program_id, program_output_words).unwrap_or_else(
+                |_: Infallible| unreachable!("Infallible error is never constructed"),
+            );
+
+            // Verify that the program output's self_program_id matches the expected program ID.
+            // This ensures the proof commits to which program produced the output.
+            assert_eq!(
+                program_output.self_program_id, chained_call.program_id,
+                "Program output self_program_id does not match chained call program_id"
+            );
+
+            // Verify that the program output's caller_program_id matches the actual caller.
+            // This prevents a malicious user from privately executing an internal function
+            // by spoofing caller_program_id (e.g. passing caller_program_id = self_program_id
+            // to bypass access control checks).
+            assert_eq!(
+                program_output.caller_program_id, caller_program_id,
+                "Program output caller_program_id does not match actual caller"
+            );
+
+            // Check that the program is well behaved.
+            // See the # Programs section for the definition of the `validate_execution` method.
+            let validated_execution = validate_execution(
+                &program_output.pre_states,
+                &program_output.post_states,
+                chained_call.program_id,
+            );
+            if let Err(err) = validated_execution {
+                panic!(
+                    "Invalid program behavior in program {:?}: {err}",
+                    chained_call.program_id
+                );
+            }
 
             for next_call in program_output.chained_calls.iter().rev() {
                 chained_calls.push_front((next_call.clone(), Some(chained_call.program_id)));
@@ -123,8 +206,41 @@ impl ExecutionState {
             "Inner call without a chained call found",
         );
 
-        execution_state.assert_all_pda_positions_bound(account_identities);
-        execution_state.assert_modified_accounts_claimed();
+        // Every private-PDA pre_state must have had its npk bound to its account_id, either via
+        // a `Claim::Pda(seed)` in some program's post_state or via a caller's `pda_seeds`
+        // matching the private derivation. An unbound private-PDA pre_state has no
+        // cryptographic link between the supplied npk and the account_id, and must be rejected.
+        for (pos, account_identity) in account_identities.iter().enumerate() {
+            if account_identity.is_private_pda() {
+                assert!(
+                    execution_state
+                        .private_pda_bound_positions
+                        .contains_key(&pos),
+                    "private PDA pre_state at position {pos} has no proven (seed, npk) binding via Claim::Pda or caller pda_seeds"
+                );
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Check that all modified uninitialized accounts were claimed
+        for (account_id, post) in execution_state
+            .pre_states
+            .iter()
+            .filter(|a| a.account.program_owner == DEFAULT_PROGRAM_ID)
+            .map(|a| {
+                let post = execution_state
+                    .post_states
+                    .get(&a.account_id)
+                    .expect("Post state must exist for pre state");
+                (a, post)
+            })
+            .filter(|(pre_default, post)| pre_default.account != **post)
+            .map(|(pre, post)| (pre.account_id, post))
+        {
+            assert_ne!(
+                post.program_owner, DEFAULT_PROGRAM_ID,
+                "Account {account_id} was modified but not claimed"
+            );
+        }
 
         execution_state
     }
@@ -142,185 +258,209 @@ impl ExecutionState {
         for (pre, mut post) in output_pre_states.into_iter().zip(output_post_states) {
             let pre_account_id = pre.account_id;
             let pre_is_authorized = pre.is_authorized;
+            let post_states_entry = self.post_states.entry(pre.account_id);
+            match &post_states_entry {
+                Entry::Occupied(occupied) => {
+                    #[expect(
+                        clippy::shadow_unrelated,
+                        reason = "Shadowing is intentional to use all fields"
+                    )]
+                    let AccountWithMetadata {
+                        account: pre_account,
+                        account_id: pre_account_id,
+                        is_authorized: pre_is_authorized,
+                    } = pre;
 
-            if let Some(existing) = self.post_states.get(&pre.account_id) {
-                #[expect(
-                    clippy::shadow_unrelated,
-                    reason = "Shadowing is intentional to use all fields"
-                )]
-                let AccountWithMetadata {
-                    account: pre_account,
-                    account_id: pre_account_id,
-                    is_authorized: pre_is_authorized,
-                } = pre;
-
-                assert_eq!(
-                    existing, &pre_account,
-                    "Inconsistent pre state for account {pre_account_id}",
-                );
-
-                let (previous_is_authorized, pre_state_position) = self
-                    .pre_states
-                    .iter()
-                    .enumerate()
-                    .find(|(_, acc)| acc.account_id == pre_account_id)
-                    .map_or_else(
-                        || panic!(
-                            "Pre state must exist in execution state for account {pre_account_id}",
-                        ),
-                        |(pos, acc)| (acc.is_authorized, pos),
+                    // Ensure that new pre state is the same as known post state
+                    assert_eq!(
+                        occupied.get(),
+                        &pre_account,
+                        "Inconsistent pre state for account {pre_account_id}",
                     );
 
-                let is_authorized = resolve_authorization_and_record_bindings(
-                    &mut self.pda_family_binding,
-                    &mut self.private_pda_bound_positions,
-                    &self.private_pda_npk_by_position,
-                    &mut self.authorized_accounts,
-                    pre_account_id,
-                    pre_state_position,
-                    caller_program_id,
-                    caller_pda_seeds,
-                    previous_is_authorized,
-                );
+                    let (previous_is_authorized, pre_state_position) = self
+                        .pre_states
+                        .iter()
+                        .enumerate()
+                        .find(|(_, acc)| acc.account_id == pre_account_id)
+                        .map_or_else(
+                            || panic!(
+                                "Pre state must exist in execution state for account {pre_account_id}",
+                            ),
+                            |(pos, acc)| (acc.is_authorized, pos)
+                        );
 
-                assert_eq!(
-                    pre_is_authorized, is_authorized,
-                    "Inconsistent authorization for account {pre_account_id}",
-                );
-            } else {
-                let pre_state_position = self.pre_states.len();
-                resolve_external_seed(
-                    account_identities,
-                    pre_state_position,
-                    pre_account_id,
-                    pre.is_authorized,
-                    &mut self.private_pda_bound_positions,
-                    &mut self.pda_family_binding,
-                );
-                self.pre_states.push(pre);
+                    let is_authorized = resolve_authorization_and_record_bindings(
+                        &mut self.pda_family_binding,
+                        &mut self.private_pda_bound_positions,
+                        &self.private_pda_by_position,
+                        &mut self.authorized_accounts,
+                        pre_account_id,
+                        pre_state_position,
+                        caller_program_id,
+                        caller_pda_seeds,
+                        previous_is_authorized,
+                    );
+
+                    assert_eq!(
+                        pre_is_authorized, is_authorized,
+                        "Inconsistent authorization for account {pre_account_id}",
+                    );
+                }
+                Entry::Vacant(_) => {
+                    // Pre state for the initial call
+                    let pre_state_position = self.pre_states.len();
+                    let external_seed = match account_identities.get(pre_state_position) {
+                        Some(InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaInit {
+                            npk,
+                            vpk,
+                            identifier,
+                            seed: Some((seed, authority_program_id)),
+                            ..
+                        }) => {
+                            let expected = AccountId::for_private_pda(
+                                authority_program_id,
+                                seed,
+                                npk,
+                                vpk,
+                                *identifier,
+                            );
+                            assert_eq!(
+                                pre_account_id, expected,
+                                "External seed mismatch for PrivatePdaInit at position {pre_state_position}"
+                            );
+                            Some((*seed, *authority_program_id))
+                        }
+                        Some(InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaUpdate {
+                            nsk,
+                            vpk,
+                            identifier,
+                            seed: Some((seed, authority_program_id)),
+                            ..
+                        }) => {
+                            let npk = NullifierPublicKey::from(nsk);
+                            let expected = AccountId::for_private_pda(
+                                authority_program_id,
+                                seed,
+                                &npk,
+                                vpk,
+                                *identifier,
+                            );
+                            assert_eq!(
+                                pre_account_id, expected,
+                                "External seed mismatch for PrivatePdaUpdate at position {pre_state_position}"
+                            );
+                            Some((*seed, *authority_program_id))
+                        }
+                        _ => None,
+                    };
+                    // External seed is only consulted the first time the account is seen.
+                    // Subsequent calls need no re-check because the entry is already recorded on
+                    // private_pda_bound_positions.
+                    if let Some((seed, authority_program_id)) = external_seed {
+                        assert!(
+                            !pre.is_authorized,
+                            "Private PDA with externally-provided seed must not be authorized at position {pre_state_position}"
+                        );
+                        bind_private_pda_position(
+                            &mut self.private_pda_bound_positions,
+                            pre_state_position,
+                            authority_program_id,
+                            seed,
+                        );
+                        assert_family_binding(
+                            &mut self.pda_family_binding,
+                            authority_program_id,
+                            seed,
+                            pre_account_id,
+                        );
+                    }
+                    self.pre_states.push(pre);
+                }
             }
 
             if let Some(claim) = post.required_claim() {
-                self.process_claim(
-                    account_identities,
-                    &mut post,
-                    pre_account_id,
-                    pre_is_authorized,
-                    program_id,
-                    claim,
+                // The invoked program can only claim accounts with default program id.
+                assert_eq!(
+                    post.account().program_owner,
+                    DEFAULT_PROGRAM_ID,
+                    "Cannot claim an initialized account {pre_account_id}"
                 );
-            }
 
-            self.post_states.insert(pre_account_id, post.into_account());
-        }
-    }
+                let pre_state_position = self
+                    .pre_states
+                    .iter()
+                    .position(|acc| acc.account_id == pre_account_id)
+                    .expect("Pre state must exist at this point");
 
-    fn process_claim(
-        &mut self,
-        account_identities: &[InputAccountIdentity],
-        post: &mut AccountPostState,
-        pre_account_id: AccountId,
-        pre_is_authorized: bool,
-        program_id: ProgramId,
-        claim: Claim,
-    ) {
-        assert_eq!(
-            post.account().program_owner,
-            DEFAULT_PROGRAM_ID,
-            "Cannot claim an initialized account {pre_account_id}"
-        );
-
-        let pre_state_position = self
-            .pre_states
-            .iter()
-            .position(|acc| acc.account_id == pre_account_id)
-            .expect("Pre state must exist at this point");
-
-        let account_identity = &account_identities[pre_state_position];
-        if account_identity.is_public() {
-            match claim {
-                Claim::Authorized => {
-                    assert!(
-                        pre_is_authorized,
-                        "Cannot claim unauthorized account {pre_account_id}"
-                    );
+                let account_identity = &account_identities[pre_state_position];
+                if account_identity.is_public() {
+                    match claim {
+                        Claim::Authorized => {
+                            // Note: no need to check authorized pdas because we have already
+                            // checked consistency of authorization above.
+                            assert!(
+                                pre_is_authorized,
+                                "Cannot claim unauthorized account {pre_account_id}"
+                            );
+                        }
+                        Claim::Pda(seed) => {
+                            let pda = AccountId::for_public_pda(&program_id, &seed);
+                            assert_eq!(
+                                pre_account_id, pda,
+                                "Invalid PDA claim for account {pre_account_id} which does not match derived PDA {pda}"
+                            );
+                            assert_family_binding(
+                                &mut self.pda_family_binding,
+                                program_id,
+                                seed,
+                                pre_account_id,
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    // Private accounts: don't enforce the claim semantics. Unauthorized private
+                    // claiming is intentionally allowed
+                    match claim {
+                        Claim::Authorized => {}
+                        Claim::Pda(seed) => {
+                            let (npk, vpk, identifier) = self
+                                .private_pda_by_position
+                                .get(&pre_state_position)
+                                .expect(
+                                    "private PDA pre_state must have an npk in the position map",
+                                );
+                            let pda = AccountId::for_private_pda(
+                                &program_id,
+                                &seed,
+                                npk,
+                                vpk,
+                                *identifier,
+                            );
+                            assert_eq!(
+                                pre_account_id, pda,
+                                "Invalid private PDA claim for account {pre_account_id}"
+                            );
+                            bind_private_pda_position(
+                                &mut self.private_pda_bound_positions,
+                                pre_state_position,
+                                program_id,
+                                seed,
+                            );
+                            assert_family_binding(
+                                &mut self.pda_family_binding,
+                                program_id,
+                                seed,
+                                pre_account_id,
+                            );
+                        }
+                    }
                 }
-                Claim::Pda(seed) => {
-                    let pda = AccountId::for_public_pda(&program_id, &seed);
-                    assert_eq!(
-                        pre_account_id, pda,
-                        "Invalid PDA claim for account {pre_account_id} which does not match derived PDA {pda}"
-                    );
-                    assert_family_binding(
-                        &mut self.pda_family_binding,
-                        program_id,
-                        seed,
-                        pre_account_id,
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-        } else {
-            match claim {
-                Claim::Authorized => {}
-                Claim::Pda(seed) => {
-                    let (npk, identifier) = self
-                        .private_pda_npk_by_position
-                        .get(&pre_state_position)
-                        .expect("private PDA pre_state must have an npk in the position map");
-                    let pda = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, npk, *identifier);
-                    assert_eq!(
-                        pre_account_id, pda,
-                        "Invalid private PDA claim for account {pre_account_id}"
-                    );
-                    bind_private_pda_position(
-                        &mut self.private_pda_bound_positions,
-                        pre_state_position,
-                        program_id,
-                        seed,
-                    );
-                    assert_family_binding(
-                        &mut self.pda_family_binding,
-                        program_id,
-                        seed,
-                        pre_account_id,
-                    );
-                }
-            }
-        }
 
-        post.account_mut().program_owner = program_id;
-    }
-
-    fn assert_all_pda_positions_bound(&self, account_identities: &[InputAccountIdentity]) {
-        for (pos, account_identity) in account_identities.iter().enumerate() {
-            if account_identity.is_private_pda() {
-                assert!(
-                    self.private_pda_bound_positions.contains_key(&pos),
-                    "private PDA pre_state at position {pos} has no proven (seed, npk) binding via Claim::Pda or caller pda_seeds"
-                );
+                post.account_mut().program_owner = program_id;
             }
-        }
-    }
 
-    fn assert_modified_accounts_claimed(&self) {
-        for (account_id, post) in self
-            .pre_states
-            .iter()
-            .filter(|a| a.account.program_owner == DEFAULT_PROGRAM_ID)
-            .map(|a| {
-                let post = self
-                    .post_states
-                    .get(&a.account_id)
-                    .expect("Post state must exist for pre state");
-                (a, post)
-            })
-            .filter(|(pre_default, post)| pre_default.account != **post)
-            .map(|(pre, post)| (pre.account_id, post))
-        {
-            assert_ne!(
-                post.program_owner, DEFAULT_PROGRAM_ID,
-                "Account {account_id} was modified but not claimed"
-            );
+            post_states_entry.insert_entry(post.into_account());
         }
     }
 
@@ -359,150 +499,6 @@ impl ExecutionState {
     }
 }
 
-fn verify_program_output(
-    chained_call: &ChainedCall,
-    caller_program_id: Option<ProgramId>,
-    program_output: &ProgramOutput,
-) {
-    assert_eq!(
-        chained_call.instruction_data, program_output.instruction_data,
-        "Mismatched instruction data between chained call and program output"
-    );
-
-    let program_output_words =
-        &to_vec(program_output).expect("program_output must be serializable");
-    env::verify(chained_call.program_id, program_output_words)
-        .unwrap_or_else(|_: Infallible| unreachable!("Infallible error is never constructed"));
-
-    assert_eq!(
-        program_output.self_program_id, chained_call.program_id,
-        "Program output self_program_id does not match chained call program_id"
-    );
-
-    assert_eq!(
-        program_output.caller_program_id, caller_program_id,
-        "Program output caller_program_id does not match actual caller"
-    );
-
-    if let Err(err) = validate_execution(
-        &program_output.pre_states,
-        &program_output.post_states,
-        chained_call.program_id,
-    ) {
-        panic!(
-            "Invalid program behavior in program {:?}: {err}",
-            chained_call.program_id
-        );
-    }
-}
-
-fn build_private_pda_npk_map(
-    account_identities: &[InputAccountIdentity],
-) -> HashMap<usize, (NullifierPublicKey, Identifier)> {
-    account_identities
-        .iter()
-        .enumerate()
-        .filter_map(|(pos, identity)| {
-            identity
-                .npk_if_private_pda()
-                .map(|(npk, identifier)| (pos, (npk, identifier)))
-        })
-        .collect()
-}
-
-fn intersect_validity_windows(
-    program_outputs: &[ProgramOutput],
-) -> (BlockValidityWindow, TimestampValidityWindow) {
-    let block_valid_from = program_outputs
-        .iter()
-        .filter_map(|output| output.block_validity_window.start())
-        .max();
-    let block_valid_until = program_outputs
-        .iter()
-        .filter_map(|output| output.block_validity_window.end())
-        .min();
-    let ts_valid_from = program_outputs
-        .iter()
-        .filter_map(|output| output.timestamp_validity_window.start())
-        .max();
-    let ts_valid_until = program_outputs
-        .iter()
-        .filter_map(|output| output.timestamp_validity_window.end())
-        .min();
-
-    let block_validity_window: BlockValidityWindow =
-        (block_valid_from, block_valid_until).try_into().expect(
-            "There should be non empty intersection in the program output block validity windows",
-        );
-    let timestamp_validity_window: TimestampValidityWindow = (ts_valid_from, ts_valid_until)
-        .try_into()
-        .expect(
-            "There should be non empty intersection in the program output timestamp validity windows",
-        );
-
-    (block_validity_window, timestamp_validity_window)
-}
-
-fn resolve_external_seed(
-    account_identities: &[InputAccountIdentity],
-    pre_state_position: usize,
-    pre_account_id: AccountId,
-    is_authorized: bool,
-    private_pda_bound_positions: &mut HashMap<usize, (ProgramId, PdaSeed)>,
-    pda_family_binding: &mut HashMap<(ProgramId, PdaSeed), AccountId>,
-) {
-    let external_seed = match account_identities.get(pre_state_position) {
-        Some(InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaInit {
-            npk,
-            identifier,
-            seed: Some((seed, authority_program_id)),
-            ..
-        }) => {
-            let expected = AccountId::for_private_pda(authority_program_id, seed, npk, *identifier);
-            assert_eq!(
-                pre_account_id, expected,
-                "External seed mismatch for PrivatePdaInit at position {pre_state_position}"
-            );
-            Some((*seed, *authority_program_id))
-        }
-        Some(InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaUpdate {
-            nsk,
-            identifier,
-            seed: Some((seed, authority_program_id)),
-            ..
-        }) => {
-            let npk = NullifierPublicKey::from(nsk);
-            let expected =
-                AccountId::for_private_pda(authority_program_id, seed, &npk, *identifier);
-            assert_eq!(
-                pre_account_id, expected,
-                "External seed mismatch for PrivatePdaUpdate at position {pre_state_position}"
-            );
-            Some((*seed, *authority_program_id))
-        }
-        _ => None,
-    };
-
-    if let Some((seed, authority_program_id)) = external_seed {
-        assert!(
-            !is_authorized,
-            "Private PDA with externally-provided seed must not be authorized at position {pre_state_position}"
-        );
-        bind_private_pda_position(
-            private_pda_bound_positions,
-            pre_state_position,
-            authority_program_id,
-            seed,
-        );
-        assert_family_binding(
-            pda_family_binding,
-            authority_program_id,
-            seed,
-            pre_account_id,
-        );
-    }
-}
-
 /// Record or re-verify the `(program_id, seed) → account_id` family binding for the
 /// transaction. Any claim or caller-seed authorization that resolves a `pre_state` under
 /// `(program_id, seed)` must agree with every prior resolution of the same pair; otherwise a
@@ -565,7 +561,7 @@ fn bind_private_pda_position(
 fn resolve_authorization_and_record_bindings(
     pda_family_binding: &mut HashMap<(ProgramId, PdaSeed), AccountId>,
     private_pda_bound_positions: &mut HashMap<usize, (ProgramId, PdaSeed)>,
-    private_pda_npk_by_position: &HashMap<usize, (NullifierPublicKey, Identifier)>,
+    private_pda_by_position: &HashMap<usize, (NullifierPublicKey, ViewingPublicKey, Identifier)>,
     authorized_accounts: &mut HashSet<AccountId>,
     pre_account_id: AccountId,
     pre_state_position: usize,
@@ -579,9 +575,10 @@ fn resolve_authorization_and_record_bindings(
                 if AccountId::for_public_pda(&caller, seed) == pre_account_id {
                     return Some((*seed, false, caller));
                 }
-                if let Some((npk, identifier)) =
-                    private_pda_npk_by_position.get(&pre_state_position)
-                    && AccountId::for_private_pda(&caller, seed, npk, *identifier) == pre_account_id
+                if let Some((npk, vpk, identifier)) =
+                    private_pda_by_position.get(&pre_state_position)
+                    && AccountId::for_private_pda(&caller, seed, npk, vpk, *identifier)
+                        == pre_account_id
                 {
                     return Some((*seed, true, caller));
                 }

lee/privacy_preserving_circuit/src/output.rs

@@ -1,244 +1,14 @@
 use lee_core::{
-    Commitment, CommitmentSetDigest, EncryptedAccountData, EncryptionScheme, EphemeralPublicKey,
+    Commitment, CommitmentSetDigest, EncryptedAccountData, EncryptionScheme, EphemeralSecretKey,
     InputAccountIdentity, MembershipProof, Nullifier, NullifierPublicKey, NullifierSecretKey,
     PrivacyPreservingCircuitOutput, PrivateAccountKind, SharedSecretKey,
     account::{Account, AccountId, Nonce},
     compute_digest_for_path,
+    encryption::{ViewTag, ViewingPublicKey},
 };
 
 use crate::execution_state::ExecutionState;
 
-struct PrivateOutputHandler<'ctx> {
-    output: &'ctx mut PrivacyPreservingCircuitOutput,
-    output_index: &'ctx mut u32,
-    pre_state: &'ctx lee_core::account::AccountWithMetadata,
-    post_state: Account,
-    epk: &'ctx EphemeralPublicKey,
-    view_tag: u8,
-    ssk: &'ctx SharedSecretKey,
-    identifier: u128,
-}
-
-impl PrivateOutputHandler<'_> {
-    fn authorized_init(self, nsk: &NullifierSecretKey, commitment_root: &CommitmentSetDigest) {
-        let npk = NullifierPublicKey::from(nsk);
-        let account_id =
-            derive_and_verify_account_id(&npk, self.identifier, self.pre_state.account_id);
-
-        assert!(
-            self.pre_state.is_authorized,
-            "Pre-state not authorized for authenticated private account"
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            self.pre_state.account,
-            Account::default(),
-            "Found new private account with non default values"
-        );
-
-        let (new_nullifier, new_nonce) = init_nullifier_and_nonce(&account_id, commitment_root);
-        let kind = PrivateAccountKind::Regular(self.identifier);
-
-        self.emit_private_output(&account_id, &kind, new_nullifier, new_nonce);
-    }
-
-    fn authorized_update(self, nsk: &NullifierSecretKey, membership_proof: &MembershipProof) {
-        let npk = NullifierPublicKey::from(nsk);
-        let account_id =
-            derive_and_verify_account_id(&npk, self.identifier, self.pre_state.account_id);
-
-        assert!(
-            self.pre_state.is_authorized,
-            "Pre-state not authorized for authenticated private account"
-        );
-
-        let new_nullifier = compute_update_nullifier_and_set_digest(
-            membership_proof,
-            &self.pre_state.account,
-            &account_id,
-            nsk,
-        );
-        let new_nonce = self
-            .pre_state
-            .account
-            .nonce
-            .private_account_nonce_increment(nsk);
-        let kind = PrivateAccountKind::Regular(self.identifier);
-
-        self.emit_private_output(&account_id, &kind, new_nullifier, new_nonce);
-    }
-
-    fn unauthorized(self, npk: &NullifierPublicKey, commitment_root: &CommitmentSetDigest) {
-        let account_id =
-            derive_and_verify_account_id(npk, self.identifier, self.pre_state.account_id);
-
-        assert_eq!(
-            self.pre_state.account,
-            Account::default(),
-            "Found new private account with non default values",
-        );
-        assert!(
-            !self.pre_state.is_authorized,
-            "Found new private account marked as authorized."
-        );
-
-        let (new_nullifier, new_nonce) = init_nullifier_and_nonce(&account_id, commitment_root);
-        let kind = PrivateAccountKind::Regular(self.identifier);
-
-        self.emit_private_output(&account_id, &kind, new_nullifier, new_nonce);
-    }
-
-    fn pda_init(
-        self,
-        commitment_root: &CommitmentSetDigest,
-        pos: usize,
-        pda_seed_by_position: &std::collections::HashMap<
-            usize,
-            (lee_core::program::ProgramId, lee_core::program::PdaSeed),
-        >,
-    ) {
-        // The npk-to-account_id binding is established upstream in
-        // `validate_and_sync_states` via `Claim::Pda(seed)` or a caller `pda_seeds`
-        // match. Here we only enforce the init pre-conditions.
-        assert!(
-            !self.pre_state.is_authorized,
-            "PrivatePdaInit requires unauthorized pre_state"
-        );
-        assert_eq!(
-            self.pre_state.account,
-            Account::default(),
-            "New private PDA must be default"
-        );
-
-        let (new_nullifier, new_nonce) =
-            init_nullifier_and_nonce(&self.pre_state.account_id, commitment_root);
-
-        let account_id = self.pre_state.account_id;
-        let (authority_program_id, seed) = pda_seed_by_position
-            .get(&pos)
-            .expect("PrivatePdaInit position must be in pda_seed_by_position");
-        let kind = PrivateAccountKind::Pda {
-            program_id: *authority_program_id,
-            seed: *seed,
-            identifier: self.identifier,
-        };
-
-        self.emit_private_output(&account_id, &kind, new_nullifier, new_nonce);
-    }
-
-    fn pda_update(
-        self,
-        nsk: &NullifierSecretKey,
-        membership_proof: &MembershipProof,
-        external_seed: Option<&(lee_core::program::PdaSeed, lee_core::program::ProgramId)>,
-        pos: usize,
-        pda_seed_by_position: &std::collections::HashMap<
-            usize,
-            (lee_core::program::ProgramId, lee_core::program::PdaSeed),
-        >,
-    ) {
-        // With an external seed the binding comes from the circuit input and the
-        // pre_state is intentionally unauthorized; without one the binding comes from
-        // a Claim or caller pda_seeds, so the pre_state must already be authorized.
-        assert!(
-            self.pre_state.is_authorized ^ external_seed.is_some(),
-            "PrivatePdaUpdate requires authorized pre_state or external seed"
-        );
-
-        let new_nullifier = compute_update_nullifier_and_set_digest(
-            membership_proof,
-            &self.pre_state.account,
-            &self.pre_state.account_id,
-            nsk,
-        );
-        let new_nonce = self
-            .pre_state
-            .account
-            .nonce
-            .private_account_nonce_increment(nsk);
-
-        let account_id = self.pre_state.account_id;
-        let (authority_program_id, seed) = pda_seed_by_position
-            .get(&pos)
-            .expect("PrivatePdaUpdate position must be in pda_seed_by_position");
-        let kind = PrivateAccountKind::Pda {
-            program_id: *authority_program_id,
-            seed: *seed,
-            identifier: self.identifier,
-        };
-
-        self.emit_private_output(&account_id, &kind, new_nullifier, new_nonce);
-    }
-
-    fn emit_private_output(
-        self,
-        account_id: &AccountId,
-        kind: &PrivateAccountKind,
-        new_nullifier: (Nullifier, CommitmentSetDigest),
-        new_nonce: Nonce,
-    ) {
-        self.output.new_nullifiers.push(new_nullifier);
-
-        let mut post_with_updated_nonce = self.post_state;
-        post_with_updated_nonce.nonce = new_nonce;
-
-        let commitment_post = Commitment::new(account_id, &post_with_updated_nonce);
-        let encrypted_account = EncryptionScheme::encrypt(
-            &post_with_updated_nonce,
-            kind,
-            self.ssk,
-            &commitment_post,
-            *self.output_index,
-        );
-
-        self.output.new_commitments.push(commitment_post);
-        self.output
-            .encrypted_private_post_states
-            .push(EncryptedAccountData {
-                ciphertext: encrypted_account,
-                epk: self.epk.clone(),
-                view_tag: self.view_tag,
-            });
-        *self.output_index = self
-            .output_index
-            .checked_add(1)
-            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Too many private accounts, output index overflow"));
-    }
-}
-
-fn init_nullifier_and_nonce(
-    account_id: &AccountId,
-    commitment_root: &CommitmentSetDigest,
-) -> ((Nullifier, CommitmentSetDigest), Nonce) {
-    let nullifier = (
-        Nullifier::for_account_initialization(account_id),
-        *commitment_root,
-    );
-    let nonce = Nonce::private_account_nonce_init(account_id);
-    (nullifier, nonce)
-}
-
-fn derive_and_verify_account_id(
-    npk: &NullifierPublicKey,
-    identifier: u128,
-    pre_state_account_id: AccountId,
-) -> AccountId {
-    let account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(npk, identifier);
-    assert_eq!(account_id, pre_state_account_id, "AccountId mismatch");
-    account_id
-}
-
-fn compute_update_nullifier_and_set_digest(
-    membership_proof: &MembershipProof,
-    pre_account: &Account,
-    account_id: &AccountId,
-    nsk: &NullifierSecretKey,
-) -> (Nullifier, CommitmentSetDigest) {
-    let commitment_pre = Commitment::new(account_id, pre_account);
-    let set_digest = compute_digest_for_path(&commitment_pre, membership_proof);
-    let nullifier = Nullifier::for_account_update(&commitment_pre, nsk);
-    (nullifier, set_digest)
-}
-
 pub fn compute_circuit_output(
     execution_state: ExecutionState,
     account_identities: &[InputAccountIdentity],
@@ -271,105 +41,285 @@ pub fn compute_circuit_output(
                 output.public_post_states.push(post_state);
             }
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedInit {
-                epk,
-                view_tag,
-                ssk,
+                vpk,
+                random_seed,
                 nsk,
                 identifier,
                 commitment_root,
-            } => PrivateOutputHandler {
-                output: &mut output,
-                output_index: &mut output_index,
-                pre_state: &pre_state,
-                post_state,
-                epk,
-                view_tag: *view_tag,
-                ssk,
-                identifier: *identifier,
+            } => {
+                let npk = NullifierPublicKey::from(nsk);
+                let account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, vpk, *identifier);
+
+                assert_eq!(account_id, pre_state.account_id, "AccountId mismatch");
+                assert!(
+                    pre_state.is_authorized,
+                    "Pre-state not authorized for authenticated private account"
+                );
+                assert_eq!(
+                    pre_state.account,
+                    Account::default(),
+                    "Found new private account with non default values"
+                );
+
+                let new_nullifier = (
+                    Nullifier::for_account_initialization(&account_id),
+                    *commitment_root,
+                );
+                let new_nonce = Nonce::private_account_nonce_init(&account_id);
+                let view_tag = EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&npk, vpk);
+
+                emit_private_output(
+                    &mut output,
+                    &mut output_index,
+                    post_state,
+                    &account_id,
+                    &PrivateAccountKind::Regular(*identifier),
+                    view_tag,
+                    vpk,
+                    random_seed,
+                    new_nullifier,
+                    new_nonce,
+                );
             }
-            .authorized_init(nsk, commitment_root),
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-                epk,
+                vpk,
+                random_seed,
                 view_tag,
-                ssk,
                 nsk,
                 membership_proof,
                 identifier,
-            } => PrivateOutputHandler {
-                output: &mut output,
-                output_index: &mut output_index,
-                pre_state: &pre_state,
-                post_state,
-                epk,
-                view_tag: *view_tag,
-                ssk,
-                identifier: *identifier,
+            } => {
+                let npk = NullifierPublicKey::from(nsk);
+                let account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, vpk, *identifier);
+
+                assert_eq!(account_id, pre_state.account_id, "AccountId mismatch");
+                assert!(
+                    pre_state.is_authorized,
+                    "Pre-state not authorized for authenticated private account"
+                );
+
+                let new_nullifier = compute_update_nullifier_and_set_digest(
+                    membership_proof,
+                    &pre_state.account,
+                    &account_id,
+                    nsk,
+                );
+                let new_nonce = pre_state.account.nonce.private_account_nonce_increment(nsk);
+
+                emit_private_output(
+                    &mut output,
+                    &mut output_index,
+                    post_state,
+                    &account_id,
+                    &PrivateAccountKind::Regular(*identifier),
+                    *view_tag,
+                    vpk,
+                    random_seed,
+                    new_nullifier,
+                    new_nonce,
+                );
             }
-            .authorized_update(nsk, membership_proof),
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateUnauthorized {
-                epk,
-                view_tag,
+                vpk,
+                random_seed,
                 npk,
-                ssk,
                 identifier,
                 commitment_root,
-            } => PrivateOutputHandler {
-                output: &mut output,
-                output_index: &mut output_index,
-                pre_state: &pre_state,
-                post_state,
-                epk,
-                view_tag: *view_tag,
-                ssk,
-                identifier: *identifier,
+            } => {
+                let account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(npk, vpk, *identifier);
+
+                assert_eq!(account_id, pre_state.account_id, "AccountId mismatch");
+                assert_eq!(
+                    pre_state.account,
+                    Account::default(),
+                    "Found new private account with non default values",
+                );
+                assert!(
+                    !pre_state.is_authorized,
+                    "Found new private account marked as authorized."
+                );
+
+                let new_nullifier = (
+                    Nullifier::for_account_initialization(&account_id),
+                    *commitment_root,
+                );
+                let new_nonce = Nonce::private_account_nonce_init(&account_id);
+                let view_tag = EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(npk, vpk);
+
+                emit_private_output(
+                    &mut output,
+                    &mut output_index,
+                    post_state,
+                    &account_id,
+                    &PrivateAccountKind::Regular(*identifier),
+                    view_tag,
+                    vpk,
+                    random_seed,
+                    new_nullifier,
+                    new_nonce,
+                );
             }
-            .unauthorized(npk, commitment_root),
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaInit {
-                epk,
-                view_tag,
-                npk: _,
-                ssk,
+                vpk,
+                random_seed,
+                npk,
                 identifier,
                 commitment_root,
                 seed: _,
-            } => PrivateOutputHandler {
-                output: &mut output,
-                output_index: &mut output_index,
-                pre_state: &pre_state,
-                post_state,
-                epk,
-                view_tag: *view_tag,
-                ssk,
-                identifier: *identifier,
+            } => {
+                // The npk-to-account_id binding is established upstream in
+                // `validate_and_sync_states` via `Claim::Pda(seed)` or a caller `pda_seeds`
+                // match. Here we only enforce the init pre-conditions. The supplied npk on
+                // the variant has been recorded into `private_pda_by_position` and used
+                // for the binding check; we use `pre_state.account_id` directly for nullifier
+                // and commitment derivation.
+                assert!(
+                    !pre_state.is_authorized,
+                    "PrivatePdaInit requires unauthorized pre_state"
+                );
+                assert_eq!(
+                    pre_state.account,
+                    Account::default(),
+                    "New private PDA must be default"
+                );
+
+                let new_nullifier = (
+                    Nullifier::for_account_initialization(&pre_state.account_id),
+                    *commitment_root,
+                );
+                let new_nonce = Nonce::private_account_nonce_init(&pre_state.account_id);
+
+                let account_id = pre_state.account_id;
+                let (authority_program_id, seed) = pda_seed_by_position
+                    .get(&pos)
+                    .expect("PrivatePdaInit position must be in pda_seed_by_position");
+                let view_tag = EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(npk, vpk);
+                emit_private_output(
+                    &mut output,
+                    &mut output_index,
+                    post_state,
+                    &account_id,
+                    &PrivateAccountKind::Pda {
+                        program_id: *authority_program_id,
+                        seed: *seed,
+                        identifier: *identifier,
+                    },
+                    view_tag,
+                    vpk,
+                    random_seed,
+                    new_nullifier,
+                    new_nonce,
+                );
             }
-            .pda_init(commitment_root, pos, &pda_seed_by_position),
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaUpdate {
-                epk,
+                vpk,
+                random_seed,
                 view_tag,
-                ssk,
                 nsk,
                 membership_proof,
                 identifier,
                 seed: external_seed,
-            } => PrivateOutputHandler {
-                output: &mut output,
-                output_index: &mut output_index,
-                pre_state: &pre_state,
-                post_state,
-                epk,
-                view_tag: *view_tag,
-                ssk,
-                identifier: *identifier,
+            } => {
+                // With an external seed the binding comes from the circuit input and the
+                // pre_state is intentionally unauthorized; without one the binding comes from
+                // a Claim or caller pda_seeds, so the pre_state must already be authorized.
+                // When `external_seed` is `Some`, execution_state already asserted
+                // `!pre_state.is_authorized`.
+                assert!(
+                    pre_state.is_authorized ^ external_seed.is_some(),
+                    "PrivatePdaUpdate requires authorized pre_state or external seed"
+                );
+
+                let new_nullifier = compute_update_nullifier_and_set_digest(
+                    membership_proof,
+                    &pre_state.account,
+                    &pre_state.account_id,
+                    nsk,
+                );
+                let new_nonce = pre_state.account.nonce.private_account_nonce_increment(nsk);
+
+                let account_id = pre_state.account_id;
+                let (authority_program_id, seed) = pda_seed_by_position
+                    .get(&pos)
+                    .expect("PrivatePdaUpdate position must be in pda_seed_by_position");
+                emit_private_output(
+                    &mut output,
+                    &mut output_index,
+                    post_state,
+                    &account_id,
+                    &PrivateAccountKind::Pda {
+                        program_id: *authority_program_id,
+                        seed: *seed,
+                        identifier: *identifier,
+                    },
+                    *view_tag,
+                    vpk,
+                    random_seed,
+                    new_nullifier,
+                    new_nonce,
+                );
             }
-            .pda_update(
-                nsk,
-                membership_proof,
-                external_seed.as_ref(),
-                pos,
-                &pda_seed_by_position,
-            ),
         }
     }
 
     output
 }
+
+#[expect(
+    clippy::too_many_arguments,
+    reason = "Inputs are distinct concerns from the variant arms; bundling would be artificial"
+)]
+fn emit_private_output(
+    output: &mut PrivacyPreservingCircuitOutput,
+    output_index: &mut u32,
+    post_state: Account,
+    account_id: &AccountId,
+    kind: &PrivateAccountKind,
+    view_tag: ViewTag,
+    vpk: &ViewingPublicKey,
+    random_seed: &[u8; 32],
+    new_nullifier: (Nullifier, CommitmentSetDigest),
+    new_nonce: Nonce,
+) {
+    output.new_nullifiers.push(new_nullifier);
+
+    let mut post_with_updated_nonce = post_state;
+    post_with_updated_nonce.nonce = new_nonce;
+
+    let commitment_post = Commitment::new(account_id, &post_with_updated_nonce);
+
+    let esk = EphemeralSecretKey::new(account_id, random_seed, &new_nonce);
+    let (shared_secret, epk) = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(vpk, &esk);
+
+    let encrypted_account = EncryptionScheme::encrypt(
+        &post_with_updated_nonce,
+        kind,
+        &shared_secret,
+        &commitment_post,
+        *output_index,
+    );
+
+    output.new_commitments.push(commitment_post);
+    output
+        .encrypted_private_post_states
+        .push(EncryptedAccountData {
+            ciphertext: encrypted_account,
+            epk,
+            view_tag,
+        });
+    *output_index = output_index
+        .checked_add(1)
+        .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Too many private accounts, output index overflow"));
+}
+
+fn compute_update_nullifier_and_set_digest(
+    membership_proof: &MembershipProof,
+    pre_account: &Account,
+    account_id: &AccountId,
+    nsk: &NullifierSecretKey,
+) -> (Nullifier, CommitmentSetDigest) {
+    let commitment_pre = Commitment::new(account_id, pre_account);
+    let set_digest = compute_digest_for_path(&commitment_pre, membership_proof);
+    let nullifier = Nullifier::for_account_update(&commitment_pre, nsk);
+    (nullifier, set_digest)
+}

lee/state_machine/Cargo.toml

@@ -28,10 +28,8 @@ build_utils.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 lee_core = { workspace = true, features = ["test_utils"] }
-token_core.workspace = true
 test_methods = { path = "test_methods" }
 
-env_logger.workspace = true
 hex-literal = "1.0.0"
 test-case = "3.3.1"
 

lee/state_machine/core/Cargo.toml

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ thiserror.workspace = true
 bytemuck.workspace = true
 bytesize.workspace = true
 base58.workspace = true
-ml-kem = { workspace = true, optional = true, features = ["getrandom"] }
+ml-kem = { workspace = true }
 chacha20 = { version = "0.10" }
 
 [dev-dependencies]
@@ -24,5 +24,5 @@ serde_json.workspace = true
 
 [features]
 default = []
-host = ["dep:ml-kem"]
+host = ["ml-kem/getrandom"]
 test_utils = ["host"]

lee/state_machine/core/src/circuit_io.rs

@@ -2,9 +2,9 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::{
     Commitment, CommitmentSetDigest, Identifier, MembershipProof, Nullifier, NullifierPublicKey,
-    NullifierSecretKey, SharedSecretKey,
+    NullifierSecretKey,
     account::{Account, AccountWithMetadata},
-    encryption::{EncryptedAccountData, EphemeralPublicKey, ViewTag},
+    encryption::{EncryptedAccountData, ViewTag, ViewingPublicKey},
     program::{BlockValidityWindow, PdaSeed, ProgramId, ProgramOutput, TimestampValidityWindow},
 };
 
@@ -14,15 +14,13 @@ pub struct PrivacyPreservingCircuitInput {
     pub program_outputs: Vec<ProgramOutput>,
     /// One entry per `pre_state`, in the same order as the program's `pre_states`.
     /// Length must equal the number of `pre_states` derived from `program_outputs`.
-    /// The guest's `private_pda_npk_by_position` and `private_pda_bound_positions`
+    /// The guest's `private_pda_by_position` and `private_pda_bound_positions`
     /// rely on this position alignment.
     pub account_identities: Vec<InputAccountIdentity>,
     /// Program ID.
     pub program_id: ProgramId,
 }
 
-/// Per-account input to the privacy-preserving circuit. Each variant carries exactly the fields
-/// the guest needs for that account's code path.
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
 pub enum InputAccountIdentity {
     /// Public account. The guest reads pre/post state from `program_outputs` and emits no
@@ -30,12 +28,11 @@ pub enum InputAccountIdentity {
     Public,
     /// Init of an authorized standalone private account: no membership proof. The `pre_state`
     /// must be `Account::default()`. The `account_id` is derived as
-    /// `AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&NullifierPublicKey::from(nsk), identifier)` and
-    /// matched against `pre_state.account_id`.
+    /// `AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&NullifierPublicKey::from(nsk), vpk, identifier)`
+    /// and matched against `pre_state.account_id`.
     PrivateAuthorizedInit {
-        epk: EphemeralPublicKey,
-        view_tag: ViewTag,
-        ssk: SharedSecretKey,
+        vpk: ViewingPublicKey,
+        random_seed: [u8; 32],
         nsk: NullifierSecretKey,
         identifier: Identifier,
         commitment_root: CommitmentSetDigest,
@@ -43,9 +40,9 @@ pub enum InputAccountIdentity {
     /// Update of an authorized standalone private account: existing on-chain commitment, with
     /// membership proof.
     PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-        epk: EphemeralPublicKey,
+        vpk: ViewingPublicKey,
+        random_seed: [u8; 32],
         view_tag: ViewTag,
-        ssk: SharedSecretKey,
         nsk: NullifierSecretKey,
         membership_proof: MembershipProof,
         identifier: Identifier,
@@ -53,10 +50,9 @@ pub enum InputAccountIdentity {
     /// Init of a standalone private account the caller does not own (e.g. a recipient who
     /// doesn't yet exist on chain). No `nsk`, no membership proof.
     PrivateUnauthorized {
-        epk: EphemeralPublicKey,
-        view_tag: ViewTag,
+        vpk: ViewingPublicKey,
+        random_seed: [u8; 32],
         npk: NullifierPublicKey,
-        ssk: SharedSecretKey,
         identifier: Identifier,
         commitment_root: CommitmentSetDigest,
     },
@@ -65,15 +61,14 @@ pub enum InputAccountIdentity {
     /// PDA within the `(program_id, seed, npk)` family: `AccountId::for_private_pda` uses it
     /// as the 4th input.
     PrivatePdaInit {
-        epk: EphemeralPublicKey,
-        view_tag: ViewTag,
+        vpk: ViewingPublicKey,
+        random_seed: [u8; 32],
         npk: NullifierPublicKey,
-        ssk: SharedSecretKey,
         identifier: Identifier,
         commitment_root: CommitmentSetDigest,
         /// When `Some((seed, authority_program_id))`, the circuit binds this position via the
         /// external derivation check
-        /// `AccountId::for_private_pda(authority_program_id, seed, npk, identifier) ==
+        /// `AccountId::for_private_pda(authority_program_id, seed, npk, vpk, identifier) ==
         /// pre_state.account_id` rather than requiring a `Claim::Pda` or caller
         /// `pda_seeds` to establish the binding. The `pre_state` must have `is_authorized
         /// == false`.
@@ -83,15 +78,15 @@ pub enum InputAccountIdentity {
     /// from `nsk`. Authorization may be established upstream by a caller `pda_seeds` match or a
     /// previously-seen authorization in a chained call.
     PrivatePdaUpdate {
-        epk: EphemeralPublicKey,
+        vpk: ViewingPublicKey,
+        random_seed: [u8; 32],
         view_tag: ViewTag,
-        ssk: SharedSecretKey,
         nsk: NullifierSecretKey,
         membership_proof: MembershipProof,
         identifier: Identifier,
         /// When `Some((seed, authority_program_id))`, the circuit binds this position via the
         /// external derivation check
-        /// `AccountId::for_private_pda(authority_program_id, seed, npk, identifier) ==
+        /// `AccountId::for_private_pda(authority_program_id, seed, npk, vpk, identifier) ==
         /// pre_state.account_id` rather than requiring a caller `pda_seeds` to establish
         /// the binding. The `pre_state` must have `is_authorized == false`.
         seed: Option<(PdaSeed, ProgramId)>,
@@ -112,17 +107,23 @@ impl InputAccountIdentity {
         )
     }
 
-    /// For private PDA variants, return the `(npk, identifier)` pair. `Init` carries both
-    /// directly; `Update` derives `npk` from `nsk`. For non-PDA variants returns `None`.
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn npk_if_private_pda(&self) -> Option<(NullifierPublicKey, Identifier)> {
+    pub fn npk_vpk_if_private_pda(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Option<(NullifierPublicKey, ViewingPublicKey, Identifier)> {
         match self {
             Self::PrivatePdaInit {
-                npk, identifier, ..
-            } => Some((*npk, *identifier)),
+                npk,
+                vpk,
+                identifier,
+                ..
+            } => Some((*npk, vpk.clone(), *identifier)),
             Self::PrivatePdaUpdate {
-                nsk, identifier, ..
-            } => Some((NullifierPublicKey::from(nsk), *identifier)),
+                nsk,
+                vpk,
+                identifier,
+                ..
+            } => Some((NullifierPublicKey::from(nsk), vpk.clone(), *identifier)),
             Self::Public
             | Self::PrivateAuthorizedInit { .. }
             | Self::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate { .. }
@@ -161,7 +162,7 @@ mod tests {
     use crate::{
         Commitment, Nullifier,
         account::{Account, AccountId, AccountWithMetadata, Nonce},
-        encryption::Ciphertext,
+        encryption::{Ciphertext, EphemeralPublicKey},
     };
 
     #[test]

lee/state_machine/core/src/encryption/mod.rs

@@ -5,11 +5,9 @@ use chacha20::{
 };
 use risc0_zkvm::sha::{Impl, Sha256 as _};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
-#[cfg(feature = "host")]
 pub use shared_key_derivation::{MlKem768EncapsulationKey, ViewingPublicKey};
 
 use crate::{Commitment, account::Account, program::PrivateAccountKind};
-#[cfg(feature = "host")]
 pub mod shared_key_derivation;
 
 /// Length in bytes of an ML-KEM-768 ciphertext (the `EphemeralPublicKey` payload).
@@ -17,6 +15,31 @@ pub const ML_KEM_768_CIPHERTEXT_LEN: usize = 1088;
 
 pub type Scalar = [u8; 32];
 
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Copy)]
+pub struct EphemeralSecretKey(pub [u8; 32]);
+
+impl EphemeralSecretKey {
+    /// Derives an ephemeral secret key from OS randomness and account-specific values.
+    ///
+    /// For updates, `nonce` carries `nsk`-derived entropy, making `esk` strong even
+    /// with a compromised RNG. For inits, `nonce` is deterministic, so `random_seed`
+    /// is the sole entropy source.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn new(
+        account_id: &crate::account::AccountId,
+        random_seed: &[u8; 32],
+        nonce: &crate::account::Nonce,
+    ) -> Self {
+        const PREFIX: &[u8; 14] = b"/LEE/v0.3/esk/";
+        let mut input = [0_u8; 14 + 32 + 32 + 16];
+        input[0..14].copy_from_slice(PREFIX);
+        input[14..46].copy_from_slice(account_id.value());
+        input[46..78].copy_from_slice(random_seed);
+        input[78..94].copy_from_slice(&nonce.0.to_le_bytes());
+        Self(Impl::hash_bytes(&input).as_bytes().try_into().unwrap())
+    }
+}
+
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Copy)]
 pub struct SharedSecretKey(pub [u8; 32]);
 
@@ -55,6 +78,18 @@ pub struct EncryptedAccountData {
     pub view_tag: ViewTag,
 }
 
+impl EncryptedAccountData {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn compute_view_tag(npk: &crate::NullifierPublicKey, vpk: &ViewingPublicKey) -> ViewTag {
+        const PREFIX: &[u8; 18] = b"/LEE/v0.3/ViewTag/";
+        let mut bytes = [0_u8; 18 + 32 + ViewingPublicKey::LEN];
+        bytes[0..18].copy_from_slice(PREFIX);
+        bytes[18..50].copy_from_slice(&npk.to_byte_array());
+        bytes[50..].copy_from_slice(vpk.to_bytes());
+        Impl::hash_bytes(&bytes).as_bytes()[0]
+    }
+}
+
 #[cfg(feature = "host")]
 impl EncryptedAccountData {
     #[must_use]
@@ -71,16 +106,6 @@ impl EncryptedAccountData {
             view_tag,
         }
     }
-
-    /// Computes the tag as the first byte of SHA256("/LEE/v0.3/ViewTag/" || npk || vpk).
-    #[must_use]
-    pub fn compute_view_tag(npk: &crate::NullifierPublicKey, vpk: &ViewingPublicKey) -> ViewTag {
-        let mut bytes = Vec::new();
-        bytes.extend_from_slice(b"/LEE/v0.3/ViewTag/");
-        bytes.extend_from_slice(&npk.to_byte_array());
-        bytes.extend_from_slice(vpk.to_bytes());
-        Impl::hash_bytes(&bytes).as_bytes()[0]
-    }
 }
 
 impl EncryptionScheme {
@@ -116,12 +141,12 @@ impl EncryptionScheme {
         commitment: &Commitment,
         output_index: u32,
     ) -> [u8; 32] {
-        let mut bytes = Vec::new();
-
-        bytes.extend_from_slice(b"LEE/v0.2/KDF-SHA256/");
-        bytes.extend_from_slice(&shared_secret.0);
-        bytes.extend_from_slice(&commitment.to_byte_array());
-        bytes.extend_from_slice(&output_index.to_le_bytes());
+        const PREFIX: &[u8; 20] = b"LEE/v0.2/KDF-SHA256/";
+        let mut bytes = [0_u8; 20 + 32 + 32 + 4];
+        bytes[0..20].copy_from_slice(PREFIX);
+        bytes[20..52].copy_from_slice(&shared_secret.0);
+        bytes[52..84].copy_from_slice(&commitment.to_byte_array());
+        bytes[84..88].copy_from_slice(&output_index.to_le_bytes());
 
         Impl::hash_bytes(&bytes).as_bytes().try_into().unwrap()
     }
@@ -238,4 +263,41 @@ mod tests {
             "wrong shared secret must not produce the correct plaintext"
         );
     }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn esk_is_deterministic() {
+        let account_id = AccountId::new([1_u8; 32]);
+        let random_seed = [2_u8; 32];
+        let nonce = crate::account::Nonce(42);
+        let esk1 = EphemeralSecretKey::new(&account_id, &random_seed, &nonce);
+        let esk2 = EphemeralSecretKey::new(&account_id, &random_seed, &nonce);
+        assert_eq!(esk1.0, esk2.0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn esk_differs_for_different_account_id() {
+        let random_seed = [2_u8; 32];
+        let nonce = crate::account::Nonce(42);
+        let esk_a = EphemeralSecretKey::new(&AccountId::new([0_u8; 32]), &random_seed, &nonce);
+        let esk_b = EphemeralSecretKey::new(&AccountId::new([1_u8; 32]), &random_seed, &nonce);
+        assert_ne!(esk_a.0, esk_b.0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn esk_differs_for_different_random_seed() {
+        let account_id = AccountId::new([1_u8; 32]);
+        let nonce = crate::account::Nonce(42);
+        let esk_a = EphemeralSecretKey::new(&account_id, &[0_u8; 32], &nonce);
+        let esk_b = EphemeralSecretKey::new(&account_id, &[1_u8; 32], &nonce);
+        assert_ne!(esk_a.0, esk_b.0);
+    }
+
+    #[test]
+    fn esk_differs_for_different_nonce() {
+        let account_id = AccountId::new([1_u8; 32]);
+        let random_seed = [2_u8; 32];
+        let esk_a = EphemeralSecretKey::new(&account_id, &random_seed, &crate::account::Nonce(0));
+        let esk_b = EphemeralSecretKey::new(&account_id, &random_seed, &crate::account::Nonce(1));
+        assert_ne!(esk_a.0, esk_b.0);
+    }
 }

lee/state_machine/core/src/encryption/shared_key_derivation.rs

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use borsh::{BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize};
-use ml_kem::{Decapsulate as _, Encapsulate as _, KeyExport as _, Seed};
+#[cfg(feature = "host")]
+use ml_kem::Encapsulate as _;
+use ml_kem::{Decapsulate as _, KeyExport as _, Seed};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
 use crate::{EphemeralPublicKey, SharedSecretKey};
@@ -26,6 +28,7 @@ impl MlKem768EncapsulationKey {
     pub const LEN: usize = 1184;
 
     /// Construct from raw bytes, returning an error if the length is not [`Self::LEN`].
+    #[cfg(feature = "host")]
     pub fn from_bytes(bytes: Vec<u8>) -> Result<Self, crate::error::LeeCoreError> {
         if bytes.len() != Self::LEN {
             return Err(crate::error::LeeCoreError::DeserializationError(format!(
@@ -59,6 +62,7 @@ impl SharedSecretKey {
     /// Returns `(shared_secret, ciphertext)`.  The ciphertext must be included in the transaction
     /// as the `EphemeralPublicKey`; the receiver recovers the same shared secret via
     /// [`Self::decapsulate`].
+    #[cfg(feature = "host")]
     #[must_use]
     pub fn encapsulate(ek: &MlKem768EncapsulationKey) -> (Self, EphemeralPublicKey) {
         let ek_bytes: ml_kem::kem::Key<ml_kem::EncapsulationKey768> =
@@ -76,30 +80,18 @@ impl SharedSecretKey {
         (Self(ss_bytes), EphemeralPublicKey(ct.to_vec()))
     }
 
-    /// Deterministically encapsulate a shared secret toward `ek` for use in tests.
+    /// Deterministically encapsulate a shared secret toward `ek` using a
+    /// pre-derived `esk` as the ML-KEM encapsulation randomness.
     ///
-    /// The shared secret has no secret entropy — it is fully determined by `ek`,
-    /// `message_hash`, and `output_index`, all of which are public. This makes it
-    /// unsuitable for real encryption but useful for producing stable, reproducible
-    /// shared secrets in unit tests. Use a distinct `output_index` per output to
-    /// avoid EPK collisions across multiple outputs in the same test.
-    ///
-    /// For production use [`Self::encapsulate`], which draws randomness from the OS.
-    #[cfg(any(test, feature = "test_utils"))]
+    /// The `esk` must be derived via `derive_esk(account_id, random_seed, nonce)`
+    /// which binds it to the account and incorporates OS entropy.
     #[must_use]
     pub fn encapsulate_deterministic(
         ek: &MlKem768EncapsulationKey,
-        message_hash: &[u8; 32],
-        output_index: u32,
+        esk: &crate::encryption::EphemeralSecretKey,
     ) -> (Self, EphemeralPublicKey) {
-        use risc0_zkvm::sha::{Impl, Sha256 as _};
-
-        let mut input = Vec::with_capacity(36);
-        input.extend_from_slice(message_hash);
-        input.extend_from_slice(&output_index.to_le_bytes());
-        let hash = Impl::hash_bytes(&input);
-        let m: ml_kem::B32 =
-            ml_kem::array::Array::try_from(hash.as_bytes()).expect("SHA-256 output is 32 bytes");
+        let m: ml_kem::B32 = ml_kem::array::Array::try_from(esk.0.as_slice())
+            .expect("EphemeralSecretKey is 32 bytes");
 
         let ek_bytes: ml_kem::kem::Key<ml_kem::EncapsulationKey768> =
             ek.0.as_slice()

lee/state_machine/core/src/lib.rs

@@ -11,8 +11,8 @@ pub use commitment::{
     compute_digest_for_path,
 };
 pub use encryption::{
-    EncryptedAccountData, EncryptionScheme, EphemeralPublicKey, ML_KEM_768_CIPHERTEXT_LEN,
-    SharedSecretKey, ViewTag,
+    EncryptedAccountData, EncryptionScheme, EphemeralPublicKey, EphemeralSecretKey,
+    ML_KEM_768_CIPHERTEXT_LEN, SharedSecretKey, ViewTag,
 };
 pub use nullifier::{Identifier, Nullifier, NullifierPublicKey, NullifierSecretKey};
 pub use program::PrivateAccountKind;

lee/state_machine/core/src/nullifier.rs

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ use borsh::{BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize};
 use risc0_zkvm::sha::{Impl, Sha256 as _};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::{Commitment, account::AccountId};
+use crate::{Commitment, account::AccountId, encryption::ViewingPublicKey};
 
 const PRIVATE_ACCOUNT_ID_PREFIX: &[u8; 32] = b"/LEE/v0.3/AccountId/Private/\x00\x00\x00\x00";
 
@@ -16,12 +16,16 @@ impl AccountId {
     /// Derives an [`AccountId`] for a regular (non-PDA) private account from the nullifier public
     /// key and identifier.
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn for_regular_private_account(npk: &NullifierPublicKey, identifier: Identifier) -> Self {
-        // 32 bytes prefix || 32 bytes npk || 16 bytes identifier
-        let mut bytes = [0; 80];
+    pub fn for_regular_private_account(
+        npk: &NullifierPublicKey,
+        vpk: &ViewingPublicKey,
+        identifier: Identifier,
+    ) -> Self {
+        let mut bytes = [0_u8; 32 + 32 + ViewingPublicKey::LEN + 16];
         bytes[0..32].copy_from_slice(PRIVATE_ACCOUNT_ID_PREFIX);
         bytes[32..64].copy_from_slice(&npk.0);
-        bytes[64..80].copy_from_slice(&identifier.to_le_bytes());
+        bytes[64..64 + ViewingPublicKey::LEN].copy_from_slice(vpk.to_bytes());
+        bytes[64 + ViewingPublicKey::LEN..].copy_from_slice(&identifier.to_le_bytes());
 
         Self::new(
             Impl::hash_bytes(&bytes)
@@ -32,9 +36,9 @@ impl AccountId {
     }
 }
 
-impl From<(&NullifierPublicKey, Identifier)> for AccountId {
-    fn from((npk, identifier): (&NullifierPublicKey, Identifier)) -> Self {
-        Self::for_regular_private_account(npk, identifier)
+impl From<(&NullifierPublicKey, &ViewingPublicKey, Identifier)> for AccountId {
+    fn from((npk, vpk, identifier): (&NullifierPublicKey, &ViewingPublicKey, Identifier)) -> Self {
+        Self::for_regular_private_account(npk, vpk, identifier)
     }
 }
 
@@ -158,12 +162,13 @@ mod tests {
             196, 134, 22, 224, 211, 237, 120, 136, 225, 188, 220, 249, 28,
         ];
         let npk = NullifierPublicKey::from(&nsk);
+        let vpk = ViewingPublicKey::from_seed(&[1_u8; 32], &[2_u8; 32]);
         let expected_account_id = AccountId::new([
-            165, 52, 40, 32, 231, 171, 113, 10, 65, 241, 156, 72, 154, 207, 122, 192, 15, 46, 50,
-            253, 105, 164, 89, 84, 40, 191, 182, 119, 64, 255, 67, 142,
+            242, 239, 57, 244, 89, 109, 65, 201, 223, 100, 43, 87, 205, 83, 148, 161, 176, 22, 208,
+            220, 68, 135, 10, 171, 182, 80, 54, 74, 228, 244, 236, 7,
         ]);
 
-        let account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, 0);
+        let account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, &vpk, 0);
 
         assert_eq!(account_id, expected_account_id);
     }
@@ -175,12 +180,13 @@ mod tests {
             196, 134, 22, 224, 211, 237, 120, 136, 225, 188, 220, 249, 28,
         ];
         let npk = NullifierPublicKey::from(&nsk);
+        let vpk = ViewingPublicKey::from_seed(&[1_u8; 32], &[2_u8; 32]);
         let expected_account_id = AccountId::new([
-            203, 201, 109, 245, 40, 54, 195, 12, 55, 33, 0, 86, 245, 65, 70, 156, 24, 249, 26, 95,
-            56, 247, 99, 121, 165, 182, 234, 255, 19, 127, 191, 72,
+            149, 125, 157, 109, 119, 81, 9, 163, 231, 181, 214, 43, 57, 113, 221, 72, 180, 149,
+            189, 170, 32, 181, 255, 231, 19, 92, 235, 59, 153, 185, 172, 206,
         ]);
 
-        let account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, 1);
+        let account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, &vpk, 1);
 
         assert_eq!(account_id, expected_account_id);
     }
@@ -193,12 +199,13 @@ mod tests {
             196, 134, 22, 224, 211, 237, 120, 136, 225, 188, 220, 249, 28,
         ];
         let npk = NullifierPublicKey::from(&nsk);
+        let vpk = ViewingPublicKey::from_seed(&[1_u8; 32], &[2_u8; 32]);
         let expected_account_id = AccountId::new([
-            178, 16, 226, 206, 217, 38, 38, 45, 155, 240, 226, 253, 168, 87, 146, 70, 72, 32, 174,
-            19, 245, 25, 214, 162, 209, 135, 252, 82, 27, 2, 174, 196,
+            30, 232, 222, 201, 233, 125, 124, 194, 58, 39, 121, 96, 185, 84, 168, 109, 80, 111,
+            159, 112, 84, 100, 133, 244, 16, 34, 221, 35, 128, 131, 98, 159,
         ]);
 
-        let account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, identifier);
+        let account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, &vpk, identifier);
 
         assert_eq!(account_id, expected_account_id);
     }

lee/state_machine/core/src/program/mod.rs

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 use crate::{
     BlockId, Identifier, NullifierPublicKey, Timestamp,
     account::{Account, AccountId, AccountWithMetadata},
+    encryption::ViewingPublicKey,
 };
 
 pub const DEFAULT_PROGRAM_ID: ProgramId = [0; 8];
@@ -154,19 +155,21 @@ impl AccountId {
         program_id: &ProgramId,
         seed: &PdaSeed,
         npk: &NullifierPublicKey,
+        vpk: &ViewingPublicKey,
         identifier: Identifier,
     ) -> Self {
         use risc0_zkvm::sha::{Impl, Sha256 as _};
         const PRIVATE_PDA_PREFIX: &[u8; 32] = b"/LEE/v0.3/AccountId/PrivatePDA/\x00";
 
-        let mut bytes = [0_u8; 144];
+        let mut bytes = [0_u8; 32 + 32 + 32 + 32 + ViewingPublicKey::LEN + 16];
         bytes[0..32].copy_from_slice(PRIVATE_PDA_PREFIX);
         let program_id_bytes: &[u8] =
             bytemuck::try_cast_slice(program_id).expect("ProgramId should be castable to &[u8]");
         bytes[32..64].copy_from_slice(program_id_bytes);
         bytes[64..96].copy_from_slice(&seed.0);
         bytes[96..128].copy_from_slice(&npk.to_byte_array());
-        bytes[128..144].copy_from_slice(&identifier.to_le_bytes());
+        bytes[128..128 + ViewingPublicKey::LEN].copy_from_slice(vpk.to_bytes());
+        bytes[128 + ViewingPublicKey::LEN..].copy_from_slice(&identifier.to_le_bytes());
         Self::new(
             Impl::hash_bytes(&bytes)
                 .as_bytes()
@@ -177,16 +180,20 @@ impl AccountId {
 
     /// Derives the [`AccountId`] for a private account from the nullifier public key and kind.
     #[must_use]
-    pub fn for_private_account(npk: &NullifierPublicKey, kind: &PrivateAccountKind) -> Self {
+    pub fn for_private_account(
+        npk: &NullifierPublicKey,
+        vpk: &ViewingPublicKey,
+        kind: &PrivateAccountKind,
+    ) -> Self {
         match kind {
             PrivateAccountKind::Regular(identifier) => {
-                Self::for_regular_private_account(npk, *identifier)
+                Self::for_regular_private_account(npk, vpk, *identifier)
             }
             PrivateAccountKind::Pda {
                 program_id,
                 seed,
                 identifier,
-            } => Self::for_private_pda(program_id, seed, npk, *identifier),
+            } => Self::for_private_pda(program_id, seed, npk, vpk, *identifier),
         }
     }
 }

lee/state_machine/core/src/program/tests.rs

@@ -184,13 +184,14 @@ fn for_private_pda_matches_pinned_value() {
     let program_id: ProgramId = [1; 8];
     let seed = PdaSeed::new([2; 32]);
     let npk = NullifierPublicKey([3; 32]);
+    let vpk = ViewingPublicKey::from_seed(&[1_u8; 32], &[2_u8; 32]);
     let identifier: Identifier = u128::MAX;
     let expected = AccountId::new([
-        59, 239, 182, 97, 14, 220, 96, 115, 238, 133, 143, 33, 234, 82, 237, 255, 148, 110, 54,
-        124, 98, 159, 245, 101, 146, 182, 150, 54, 37, 62, 25, 17,
+        5, 87, 128, 244, 206, 244, 65, 130, 178, 88, 225, 183, 0, 159, 201, 201, 212, 206, 6, 156,
+        13, 55, 32, 139, 91, 222, 209, 83, 172, 148, 123, 179,
     ]);
     assert_eq!(
-        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &npk, identifier),
+        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &npk, &vpk, identifier),
         expected
     );
 }
@@ -202,9 +203,10 @@ fn for_private_pda_differs_for_different_npk() {
     let seed = PdaSeed::new([2; 32]);
     let npk_a = NullifierPublicKey([3; 32]);
     let npk_b = NullifierPublicKey([4; 32]);
+    let vpk = ViewingPublicKey::from_seed(&[1_u8; 32], &[2_u8; 32]);
     assert_ne!(
-        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &npk_a, u128::MAX),
-        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &npk_b, u128::MAX),
+        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &npk_a, &vpk, u128::MAX),
+        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &npk_b, &vpk, u128::MAX),
     );
 }
 
@@ -215,9 +217,10 @@ fn for_private_pda_differs_for_different_seed() {
     let seed_a = PdaSeed::new([2; 32]);
     let seed_b = PdaSeed::new([5; 32]);
     let npk = NullifierPublicKey([3; 32]);
+    let vpk = ViewingPublicKey::from_seed(&[1_u8; 32], &[2_u8; 32]);
     assert_ne!(
-        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed_a, &npk, u128::MAX),
-        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed_b, &npk, u128::MAX),
+        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed_a, &npk, &vpk, u128::MAX),
+        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed_b, &npk, &vpk, u128::MAX),
     );
 }
 
@@ -228,9 +231,10 @@ fn for_private_pda_differs_for_different_program_id() {
     let program_id_b: ProgramId = [9; 8];
     let seed = PdaSeed::new([2; 32]);
     let npk = NullifierPublicKey([3; 32]);
+    let vpk = ViewingPublicKey::from_seed(&[1_u8; 32], &[2_u8; 32]);
     assert_ne!(
-        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id_a, &seed, &npk, u128::MAX),
-        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id_b, &seed, &npk, u128::MAX),
+        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id_a, &seed, &npk, &vpk, u128::MAX),
+        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id_b, &seed, &npk, &vpk, u128::MAX),
     );
 }
 
@@ -241,13 +245,14 @@ fn for_private_pda_differs_for_different_identifier() {
     let program_id: ProgramId = [1; 8];
     let seed = PdaSeed::new([2; 32]);
     let npk = NullifierPublicKey([3; 32]);
+    let vpk = ViewingPublicKey::from_seed(&[1_u8; 32], &[2_u8; 32]);
     assert_ne!(
-        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &npk, 0),
-        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &npk, 1),
+        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &npk, &vpk, 0),
+        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &npk, &vpk, 1),
     );
     assert_ne!(
-        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &npk, 0),
-        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &npk, u128::MAX),
+        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &npk, &vpk, 0),
+        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &npk, &vpk, u128::MAX),
     );
 }
 
@@ -258,7 +263,8 @@ fn for_private_pda_differs_from_public_pda() {
     let program_id: ProgramId = [1; 8];
     let seed = PdaSeed::new([2; 32]);
     let npk = NullifierPublicKey([3; 32]);
-    let private_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &npk, u128::MAX);
+    let vpk = ViewingPublicKey::from_seed(&[1_u8; 32], &[2_u8; 32]);
+    let private_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &npk, &vpk, u128::MAX);
     let public_id = AccountId::for_public_pda(&program_id, &seed);
     assert_ne!(private_id, public_id);
 }
@@ -295,22 +301,24 @@ fn for_private_account_dispatches_correctly() {
     let program_id: ProgramId = [1; 8];
     let seed = PdaSeed::new([2; 32]);
     let npk = NullifierPublicKey([3; 32]);
+    let vpk = ViewingPublicKey::from_seed(&[1_u8; 32], &[2_u8; 32]);
     let identifier: Identifier = 77;
 
     assert_eq!(
-        AccountId::for_private_account(&npk, &PrivateAccountKind::Regular(identifier)),
-        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, identifier),
+        AccountId::for_private_account(&npk, &vpk, &PrivateAccountKind::Regular(identifier)),
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, &vpk, identifier),
     );
     assert_eq!(
         AccountId::for_private_account(
             &npk,
+            &vpk,
             &PrivateAccountKind::Pda {
                 program_id,
                 seed,
                 identifier
             }
         ),
-        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &npk, identifier),
+        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &seed, &npk, &vpk, identifier),
     );
 }
 

lee/state_machine/src/privacy_preserving_transaction/circuit/tests.rs

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 #![expect(clippy::shadow_unrelated, reason = "We don't care about it in tests")]
 
 use lee_core::{
-    Commitment, DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH, EncryptedAccountData, EncryptionScheme, EphemeralPublicKey,
-    Nullifier, PrivacyPreservingCircuitOutput, SharedSecretKey,
+    Commitment, DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH, EncryptionScheme, EphemeralSecretKey, Nullifier,
+    PrivacyPreservingCircuitOutput, SharedSecretKey,
     account::{Account, AccountId, AccountWithMetadata, Nonce, data::Data},
     program::{PdaSeed, PrivateAccountKind},
 };
@@ -58,7 +58,8 @@ fn prove_privacy_preserving_execution_circuit_public_and_private_pre_accounts()
         AccountId::new([0; 32]),
     );
 
-    let recipient_account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&recipient_keys.npk(), 0);
+    let recipient_account_id =
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&recipient_keys.npk(), &recipient_keys.vpk(), 0);
     let recipient = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, recipient_account_id);
 
     let balance_to_move: u128 = 37;
@@ -79,8 +80,9 @@ fn prove_privacy_preserving_execution_circuit_public_and_private_pre_accounts()
 
     let expected_sender_pre = sender.clone();
 
-    let shared_secret =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&recipient_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
+    let init_nonce = Nonce::private_account_nonce_init(&recipient_account_id);
+    let esk = EphemeralSecretKey::new(&recipient_account_id, &[0; 32], &init_nonce);
+    let shared_secret = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&recipient_keys.vpk(), &esk).0;
 
     let (output, proof) = execute_and_prove(
         vec![sender, recipient],
@@ -88,13 +90,9 @@ fn prove_privacy_preserving_execution_circuit_public_and_private_pre_accounts()
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::Public,
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateUnauthorized {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &recipient_keys.npk(),
-                    &recipient_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
+                vpk: recipient_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
                 npk: recipient_keys.npk(),
-                ssk: shared_secret,
                 identifier: 0,
                 commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             },
@@ -138,12 +136,14 @@ fn prove_privacy_preserving_execution_circuit_fully_private() {
             data: Data::default(),
         },
         true,
-        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&sender_keys.npk(), 0),
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&sender_keys.npk(), &sender_keys.vpk(), 0),
     );
-    let sender_account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&sender_keys.npk(), 0);
+    let sender_account_id =
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&sender_keys.npk(), &sender_keys.vpk(), 0);
     let commitment_sender = Commitment::new(&sender_account_id, &sender_pre.account);
 
-    let recipient_account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&recipient_keys.npk(), 0);
+    let recipient_account_id =
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&recipient_keys.npk(), &recipient_keys.vpk(), 0);
     let recipient = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, recipient_account_id);
     let balance_to_move: u128 = 37;
 
@@ -179,23 +179,26 @@ fn prove_privacy_preserving_execution_circuit_fully_private() {
         Commitment::new(&recipient_account_id, &expected_private_account_2),
     ];
 
-    let shared_secret_1 =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&sender_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
+    let esk_1 = EphemeralSecretKey::new(
+        &sender_account_id,
+        &[0; 32],
+        &sender_nonce.private_account_nonce_increment(&sender_keys.nsk),
+    );
+    let shared_secret_1 = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&sender_keys.vpk(), &esk_1).0;
 
+    let init_nonce_2 = Nonce::private_account_nonce_init(&recipient_account_id);
+    let esk_2 = EphemeralSecretKey::new(&recipient_account_id, &[0; 32], &init_nonce_2);
     let shared_secret_2 =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&recipient_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 1).0;
+        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&recipient_keys.vpk(), &esk_2).0;
 
     let (output, proof) = execute_and_prove(
         vec![sender_pre, recipient],
         Program::serialize_instruction(balance_to_move).unwrap(),
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &sender_keys.npk(),
-                    &sender_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
-                ssk: shared_secret_1,
+                vpk: sender_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
+                view_tag: 0,
                 nsk: sender_keys.nsk,
                 membership_proof: commitment_set
                     .get_proof_for(&commitment_sender)
@@ -203,13 +206,9 @@ fn prove_privacy_preserving_execution_circuit_fully_private() {
                 identifier: 0,
             },
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateUnauthorized {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &recipient_keys.npk(),
-                    &recipient_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
+                vpk: recipient_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
                 npk: recipient_keys.npk(),
-                ssk: shared_secret_2,
                 identifier: 0,
                 commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             },
@@ -250,7 +249,7 @@ fn circuit_fails_when_chained_validity_windows_have_empty_intersection() {
     let pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(
         Account::default(),
         false,
-        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&account_keys.npk(), 0),
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&account_keys.npk(), &account_keys.vpk(), 0),
     );
 
     let validity_window_chain_caller = crate::test_methods::validity_window_chain_caller();
@@ -265,9 +264,6 @@ fn circuit_fails_when_chained_validity_windows_have_empty_intersection() {
     ))
     .unwrap();
 
-    let shared_secret =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&account_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
-
     let program_with_deps = ProgramWithDependencies::new(
         validity_window_chain_caller,
         [(validity_window.id(), validity_window)].into(),
@@ -277,13 +273,9 @@ fn circuit_fails_when_chained_validity_windows_have_empty_intersection() {
         vec![pre],
         instruction,
         vec![InputAccountIdentity::PrivateUnauthorized {
-            epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                &account_keys.npk(),
-                &account_keys.vpk(),
-            ),
+            vpk: account_keys.vpk(),
+            random_seed: [0; 32],
             npk: account_keys.npk(),
-            ssk: shared_secret,
             identifier: 0,
             commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
         }],
@@ -302,19 +294,21 @@ fn private_pda_claim_with_custom_identifier_encrypts_correct_kind() {
     let npk = keys.npk();
     let seed = PdaSeed::new([42; 32]);
     let identifier: u128 = 99;
-    let shared_secret = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
+    let account_id =
+        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program.id(), &seed, &npk, &keys.vpk(), identifier);
+    let init_nonce = Nonce::private_account_nonce_init(&account_id);
+    let esk = EphemeralSecretKey::new(&account_id, &[0; 32], &init_nonce);
+    let shared_secret = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys.vpk(), &esk).0;
 
-    let account_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program.id(), &seed, &npk, identifier);
     let pre_state = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, account_id);
 
     let (output, _proof) = execute_and_prove(
         vec![pre_state],
         Program::serialize_instruction(seed).unwrap(),
         vec![InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaInit {
-            epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&npk, &keys.vpk()),
+            vpk: keys.vpk(),
+            random_seed: [0; 32],
             npk,
-            ssk: shared_secret,
             identifier,
             commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             seed: None,
@@ -343,11 +337,8 @@ fn private_pda_init() {
     let keys = test_private_account_keys_1();
     let npk = keys.npk();
     let seed = PdaSeed::new([42; 32]);
-    let shared_secret_pda =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
-
     // PDA (new, private PDA)
-    let pda_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program.id(), &seed, &npk, 0);
+    let pda_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program.id(), &seed, &npk, &keys.vpk(), 0);
     let pda_pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, pda_id);
 
     let auth_id = simple_transfer.id();
@@ -361,10 +352,9 @@ fn private_pda_init() {
         vec![pda_pre],
         instruction,
         vec![InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaInit {
-            epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&npk, &keys.vpk()),
+            vpk: keys.vpk(),
+            random_seed: [0; 32],
             npk,
-            ssk: shared_secret_pda,
             identifier: 0,
             commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             seed: None,
@@ -386,11 +376,8 @@ fn private_pda_withdraw() {
     let keys = test_private_account_keys_1();
     let npk = keys.npk();
     let seed = PdaSeed::new([42; 32]);
-    let shared_secret_pda =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
-
     // PDA (new, private PDA)
-    let pda_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program.id(), &seed, &npk, 0);
+    let pda_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program.id(), &seed, &npk, &keys.vpk(), 0);
     let pda_pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, pda_id);
 
     // Recipient (public)
@@ -417,10 +404,9 @@ fn private_pda_withdraw() {
         instruction,
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaInit {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&npk, &keys.vpk()),
+                vpk: keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
                 npk,
-                ssk: shared_secret_pda,
                 identifier: 0,
                 commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
                 seed: None,
@@ -445,8 +431,6 @@ fn shared_account_receives_via_simple_transfer() {
     let shared_keys = test_private_account_keys_1();
     let shared_npk = shared_keys.npk();
     let shared_identifier: u128 = 42;
-    let shared_secret =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&shared_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
 
     // Sender: public account with balance, owned by auth-transfer
     let sender_id = AccountId::new([99; 32]);
@@ -461,7 +445,7 @@ fn shared_account_receives_via_simple_transfer() {
     );
 
     // Recipient: shared private account (new, unauthorized)
-    let shared_account_id = AccountId::from((&shared_npk, shared_identifier));
+    let shared_account_id = AccountId::from((&shared_npk, &shared_keys.vpk(), shared_identifier));
     let recipient = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, shared_account_id);
 
     let balance_to_move: u128 = 100;
@@ -473,10 +457,9 @@ fn shared_account_receives_via_simple_transfer() {
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::Public,
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateUnauthorized {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&shared_npk, &shared_keys.vpk()),
+                vpk: shared_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
                 npk: shared_npk,
-                ssk: shared_secret,
                 identifier: shared_identifier,
                 commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             },
@@ -496,17 +479,21 @@ fn private_authorized_init_encrypts_regular_kind_with_identifier() {
     let program = crate::test_methods::claimer();
     let keys = test_private_account_keys_1();
     let identifier: u128 = 99;
-    let ssk = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
-    let account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&keys.npk(), identifier);
+    let account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&keys.npk(), &keys.vpk(), identifier);
+    let esk = EphemeralSecretKey::new(
+        &account_id,
+        &[0; 32],
+        &Nonce::private_account_nonce_init(&account_id),
+    );
+    let ssk = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys.vpk(), &esk).0;
     let pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), true, account_id);
 
     let (output, _) = execute_and_prove(
         vec![pre],
         Program::serialize_instruction(()).unwrap(),
         vec![InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedInit {
-            epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&keys.npk(), &keys.vpk()),
-            ssk,
+            vpk: keys.vpk(),
+            random_seed: [0; 32],
             nsk: keys.nsk,
             identifier,
             commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
@@ -528,18 +515,22 @@ fn private_unauthorized_init_encrypts_regular_kind_with_identifier() {
     let program = crate::test_methods::claimer();
     let keys = test_private_account_keys_1();
     let identifier: u128 = 99;
-    let ssk = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
-    let recipient_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&keys.npk(), identifier);
+    let recipient_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&keys.npk(), &keys.vpk(), identifier);
+    let esk = EphemeralSecretKey::new(
+        &recipient_id,
+        &[0; 32],
+        &Nonce::private_account_nonce_init(&recipient_id),
+    );
+    let ssk = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys.vpk(), &esk).0;
     let recipient = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, recipient_id);
 
     let (output, _) = execute_and_prove(
         vec![recipient],
         Program::serialize_instruction(()).unwrap(),
         vec![InputAccountIdentity::PrivateUnauthorized {
-            epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&keys.npk(), &keys.vpk()),
+            vpk: keys.vpk(),
+            random_seed: [0; 32],
             npk: keys.npk(),
-            ssk,
             identifier,
             commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
         }],
@@ -560,8 +551,13 @@ fn private_authorized_update_encrypts_regular_kind_with_identifier() {
     let program = crate::test_methods::noop();
     let keys = test_private_account_keys_1();
     let identifier: u128 = 99;
-    let ssk = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
-    let account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&keys.npk(), identifier);
+    let account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&keys.npk(), &keys.vpk(), identifier);
+    let esk = EphemeralSecretKey::new(
+        &account_id,
+        &[0; 32],
+        &Nonce::default().private_account_nonce_increment(&keys.nsk),
+    );
+    let ssk = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys.vpk(), &esk).0;
     let account = Account {
         program_owner: program.id(),
         balance: 1,
@@ -577,9 +573,9 @@ fn private_authorized_update_encrypts_regular_kind_with_identifier() {
         vec![sender],
         Program::serialize_instruction(()).unwrap(),
         vec![InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-            epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&keys.npk(), &keys.vpk()),
-            ssk,
+            vpk: keys.vpk(),
+            random_seed: [0; 32],
+            view_tag: 0,
             nsk: keys.nsk,
             membership_proof: commitment_set.get_proof_for(&commitment).unwrap(),
             identifier,
@@ -604,10 +600,14 @@ fn private_pda_update_encrypts_pda_kind_with_identifier() {
     let npk = keys.npk();
     let seed = PdaSeed::new([42; 32]);
     let identifier: u128 = 99;
-    let ssk = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
-
     let simple_transfer_id = simple_transfer.id();
-    let pda_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program.id(), &seed, &npk, identifier);
+    let pda_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program.id(), &seed, &npk, &keys.vpk(), identifier);
+    let esk = EphemeralSecretKey::new(
+        &pda_id,
+        &[0; 32],
+        &Nonce::default().private_account_nonce_increment(&keys.nsk),
+    );
+    let ssk = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys.vpk(), &esk).0;
     let pda_account = Account {
         program_owner: simple_transfer_id,
         balance: 1,
@@ -630,9 +630,9 @@ fn private_pda_update_encrypts_pda_kind_with_identifier() {
         Program::serialize_instruction((seed, 1_u128, simple_transfer_id, false)).unwrap(),
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaUpdate {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&npk, &keys.vpk()),
-                ssk,
+                vpk: keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
+                view_tag: 0,
                 nsk: keys.nsk,
                 membership_proof: commitment_set.get_proof_for(&pda_commitment).unwrap(),
                 identifier,
@@ -660,19 +660,16 @@ fn private_pda_init_identifier_mismatch_fails() {
     let keys = test_private_account_keys_1();
     let npk = keys.npk();
     let seed = PdaSeed::new([42; 32]);
-    let shared_secret = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
-
-    let account_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program.id(), &seed, &npk, 5);
+    let account_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program.id(), &seed, &npk, &keys.vpk(), 5);
     let pre_state = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, account_id);
 
     let result = execute_and_prove(
         vec![pre_state],
         Program::serialize_instruction(seed).unwrap(),
         vec![InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaInit {
-            epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&npk, &keys.vpk()),
+            vpk: keys.vpk(),
+            random_seed: [0; 32],
             npk,
-            ssk: shared_secret,
             identifier: 99,
             commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             seed: None,
@@ -690,10 +687,8 @@ fn private_pda_update_identifier_mismatch_fails() {
     let keys = test_private_account_keys_1();
     let npk = keys.npk();
     let seed = PdaSeed::new([42; 32]);
-    let ssk = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
-
     let simple_transfer_id = simple_transfer.id();
-    let pda_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program.id(), &seed, &npk, 5);
+    let pda_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program.id(), &seed, &npk, &keys.vpk(), 5);
     let pda_account = Account {
         program_owner: simple_transfer_id,
         balance: 1,
@@ -714,9 +709,9 @@ fn private_pda_update_identifier_mismatch_fails() {
         Program::serialize_instruction((seed, 1_u128, simple_transfer_id, false)).unwrap(),
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaUpdate {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&npk, &keys.vpk()),
-                ssk,
+                vpk: keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
+                view_tag: 0,
                 nsk: keys.nsk,
                 membership_proof: commitment_set.get_proof_for(&pda_commitment).unwrap(),
                 identifier: 99,

lee/state_machine/src/privacy_preserving_transaction/message.rs

@@ -103,8 +103,8 @@ impl Message {
 #[cfg(test)]
 pub mod tests {
     use lee_core::{
-        Commitment, EncryptionScheme, Nullifier, NullifierPublicKey, PrivateAccountKind,
-        SharedSecretKey,
+        Commitment, EncryptionScheme, EphemeralSecretKey, Nullifier, NullifierPublicKey,
+        PrivateAccountKind, SharedSecretKey,
         account::{Account, AccountId, Nonce},
         encryption::ViewingPublicKey,
         program::{BlockValidityWindow, TimestampValidityWindow},
@@ -123,6 +123,7 @@ pub mod tests {
 
         let npk1 = NullifierPublicKey::from(&nsk1);
         let npk2 = NullifierPublicKey::from(&nsk2);
+        let vpk = ViewingPublicKey::from_seed(&[7; 32], &[8; 32]);
 
         let public_account_ids = vec![AccountId::new([1; 32])];
 
@@ -132,10 +133,10 @@ pub mod tests {
 
         let encrypted_private_post_states = Vec::new();
 
-        let account_id2 = lee_core::account::AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk2, 0);
+        let account_id2 = lee_core::account::AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk2, &vpk, 0);
         let new_commitments = vec![Commitment::new(&account_id2, &account2)];
 
-        let account_id1 = lee_core::account::AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk1, 0);
+        let account_id1 = lee_core::account::AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk1, &vpk, 0);
         let old_commitment = Commitment::new(&account_id1, &account1);
         let new_nullifiers = vec![(
             Nullifier::for_account_update(&old_commitment, &nsk1),
@@ -225,9 +226,10 @@ pub mod tests {
         let npk = NullifierPublicKey::from(&[1; 32]);
         let vpk = ViewingPublicKey::from_seed(&[2_u8; 32], &[3_u8; 32]);
         let account = Account::default();
-        let account_id = lee_core::account::AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, 0);
+        let account_id = lee_core::account::AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, &vpk, 0);
         let commitment = Commitment::new(&account_id, &account);
-        let (shared_secret, epk) = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&vpk, &[0_u8; 32], 0);
+        let (shared_secret, epk) =
+            SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&vpk, &EphemeralSecretKey([0_u8; 32]));
         let ciphertext = EncryptionScheme::encrypt(
             &account,
             &PrivateAccountKind::Regular(0),

lee/state_machine/src/state/tests/changer_claimer.rs

@@ -60,8 +60,11 @@ fn public_changer_claimer_data_change_no_claim_fails() {
 fn private_changer_claimer_no_data_change_no_claim_succeeds() {
     let program = crate::test_methods::changer_claimer();
     let sender_keys = test_private_account_keys_1();
-    let private_account =
-        AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), true, (&sender_keys.npk(), 0));
+    let private_account = AccountWithMetadata::new(
+        Account::default(),
+        true,
+        (&sender_keys.npk(), &sender_keys.vpk(), 0),
+    );
     // Don't change data (None) and don't claim (false)
     let instruction: (Option<Vec<u8>>, bool) = (None, false);
 
@@ -69,12 +72,9 @@ fn private_changer_claimer_no_data_change_no_claim_succeeds() {
         vec![private_account],
         Program::serialize_instruction(instruction).unwrap(),
         vec![InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-            epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                &sender_keys.npk(),
-                &sender_keys.vpk(),
-            ),
-            ssk: SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&sender_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0,
+            vpk: sender_keys.vpk(),
+            random_seed: [0; 32],
+            view_tag: 0,
             nsk: sender_keys.nsk,
             membership_proof: (0, vec![]),
             identifier: 0,
@@ -90,8 +90,11 @@ fn private_changer_claimer_no_data_change_no_claim_succeeds() {
 fn private_changer_claimer_data_change_no_claim_fails() {
     let program = crate::test_methods::changer_claimer();
     let sender_keys = test_private_account_keys_1();
-    let private_account =
-        AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), true, (&sender_keys.npk(), 0));
+    let private_account = AccountWithMetadata::new(
+        Account::default(),
+        true,
+        (&sender_keys.npk(), &sender_keys.vpk(), 0),
+    );
     // Change data but don't claim (false) - should fail
     let new_data = vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
     let instruction: (Option<Vec<u8>>, bool) = (Some(new_data), false);
@@ -100,12 +103,9 @@ fn private_changer_claimer_data_change_no_claim_fails() {
         vec![private_account],
         Program::serialize_instruction(instruction).unwrap(),
         vec![InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-            epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                &sender_keys.npk(),
-                &sender_keys.vpk(),
-            ),
-            ssk: SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&sender_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0,
+            vpk: sender_keys.vpk(),
+            random_seed: [0; 32],
+            view_tag: 0,
             nsk: sender_keys.nsk,
             membership_proof: (0, vec![]),
             identifier: 0,

lee/state_machine/src/state/tests/circuit.rs

@@ -45,10 +45,13 @@ fn circuit_fails_if_invalid_auth_keys_are_provided() {
             ..Account::default()
         },
         true,
-        (&sender_keys.npk(), 0),
+        (&sender_keys.npk(), &sender_keys.vpk(), 0),
+    );
+    let private_account_2 = AccountWithMetadata::new(
+        Account::default(),
+        false,
+        (&recipient_keys.npk(), &recipient_keys.vpk(), 0),
     );
-    let private_account_2 =
-        AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, (&recipient_keys.npk(), 0));
 
     // Setting the recipient nsk to authorize the sender.
     // This should be set to the sender private account in a normal circumstance.
@@ -59,32 +62,19 @@ fn circuit_fails_if_invalid_auth_keys_are_provided() {
         Program::serialize_instruction(10_u128).unwrap(),
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &sender_keys.npk(),
-                    &sender_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
-                ssk: SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&sender_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0)
-                    .0,
+                vpk: sender_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
+                view_tag: 0,
                 nsk: recipient_keys.nsk,
                 membership_proof: (0, vec![]),
                 identifier: 0,
             },
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateUnauthorized {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &recipient_keys.npk(),
-                    &recipient_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
+                vpk: recipient_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
                 npk: recipient_keys.npk(),
-                ssk: SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(
-                    &recipient_keys.vpk(),
-                    &[0_u8; 32],
-                    0,
-                )
-                .0,
-                commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
                 identifier: 0,
+                commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             },
         ],
         &program.into(),
@@ -105,7 +95,7 @@ fn circuit_should_fail_if_new_private_account_with_non_default_balance_is_provid
             ..Account::default()
         },
         true,
-        (&sender_keys.npk(), 0),
+        (&sender_keys.npk(), &sender_keys.vpk(), 0),
     );
     let private_account_2 = AccountWithMetadata::new(
         Account {
@@ -114,7 +104,7 @@ fn circuit_should_fail_if_new_private_account_with_non_default_balance_is_provid
             ..Account::default()
         },
         false,
-        (&recipient_keys.npk(), 0),
+        (&recipient_keys.npk(), &recipient_keys.vpk(), 0),
     );
 
     let result = execute_and_prove(
@@ -122,32 +112,19 @@ fn circuit_should_fail_if_new_private_account_with_non_default_balance_is_provid
         Program::serialize_instruction(10_u128).unwrap(),
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &sender_keys.npk(),
-                    &sender_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
-                ssk: SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&sender_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0)
-                    .0,
+                vpk: sender_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
+                view_tag: 0,
                 nsk: sender_keys.nsk,
                 membership_proof: (0, vec![]),
                 identifier: 0,
             },
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateUnauthorized {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &recipient_keys.npk(),
-                    &recipient_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
+                vpk: recipient_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
                 npk: recipient_keys.npk(),
-                ssk: SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(
-                    &recipient_keys.vpk(),
-                    &[0_u8; 32],
-                    0,
-                )
-                .0,
-                commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
                 identifier: 0,
+                commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             },
         ],
         &program.into(),
@@ -168,7 +145,7 @@ fn circuit_should_fail_if_new_private_account_with_non_default_program_owner_is_
             ..Account::default()
         },
         true,
-        (&sender_keys.npk(), 0),
+        (&sender_keys.npk(), &sender_keys.vpk(), 0),
     );
     let private_account_2 = AccountWithMetadata::new(
         Account {
@@ -177,7 +154,7 @@ fn circuit_should_fail_if_new_private_account_with_non_default_program_owner_is_
             ..Account::default()
         },
         false,
-        (&recipient_keys.npk(), 0),
+        (&recipient_keys.npk(), &recipient_keys.vpk(), 0),
     );
 
     let result = execute_and_prove(
@@ -185,32 +162,19 @@ fn circuit_should_fail_if_new_private_account_with_non_default_program_owner_is_
         Program::serialize_instruction(10_u128).unwrap(),
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &sender_keys.npk(),
-                    &sender_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
-                ssk: SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&sender_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0)
-                    .0,
+                vpk: sender_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
+                view_tag: 0,
                 nsk: sender_keys.nsk,
                 membership_proof: (0, vec![]),
                 identifier: 0,
             },
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateUnauthorized {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &recipient_keys.npk(),
-                    &recipient_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
+                vpk: recipient_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
                 npk: recipient_keys.npk(),
-                ssk: SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(
-                    &recipient_keys.vpk(),
-                    &[0_u8; 32],
-                    0,
-                )
-                .0,
-                commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
                 identifier: 0,
+                commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             },
         ],
         &program.into(),
@@ -231,7 +195,7 @@ fn circuit_should_fail_if_new_private_account_with_non_default_data_is_provided(
             ..Account::default()
         },
         true,
-        (&sender_keys.npk(), 0),
+        (&sender_keys.npk(), &sender_keys.vpk(), 0),
     );
     let private_account_2 = AccountWithMetadata::new(
         Account {
@@ -240,7 +204,7 @@ fn circuit_should_fail_if_new_private_account_with_non_default_data_is_provided(
             ..Account::default()
         },
         false,
-        (&recipient_keys.npk(), 0),
+        (&recipient_keys.npk(), &recipient_keys.vpk(), 0),
     );
 
     let result = execute_and_prove(
@@ -248,32 +212,19 @@ fn circuit_should_fail_if_new_private_account_with_non_default_data_is_provided(
         Program::serialize_instruction(10_u128).unwrap(),
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &sender_keys.npk(),
-                    &sender_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
-                ssk: SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&sender_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0)
-                    .0,
+                vpk: sender_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
+                view_tag: 0,
                 nsk: sender_keys.nsk,
                 membership_proof: (0, vec![]),
                 identifier: 0,
             },
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateUnauthorized {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &recipient_keys.npk(),
-                    &recipient_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
+                vpk: recipient_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
                 npk: recipient_keys.npk(),
-                ssk: SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(
-                    &recipient_keys.vpk(),
-                    &[0_u8; 32],
-                    0,
-                )
-                .0,
-                commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
                 identifier: 0,
+                commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             },
         ],
         &program.into(),
@@ -294,7 +245,7 @@ fn circuit_should_fail_if_new_private_account_with_non_default_nonce_is_provided
             ..Account::default()
         },
         true,
-        (&sender_keys.npk(), 0),
+        (&sender_keys.npk(), &sender_keys.vpk(), 0),
     );
     let private_account_2 = AccountWithMetadata::new(
         Account {
@@ -303,7 +254,7 @@ fn circuit_should_fail_if_new_private_account_with_non_default_nonce_is_provided
             ..Account::default()
         },
         false,
-        (&recipient_keys.npk(), 0),
+        (&recipient_keys.npk(), &recipient_keys.vpk(), 0),
     );
 
     let result = execute_and_prove(
@@ -311,32 +262,19 @@ fn circuit_should_fail_if_new_private_account_with_non_default_nonce_is_provided
         Program::serialize_instruction(10_u128).unwrap(),
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &sender_keys.npk(),
-                    &sender_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
-                ssk: SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&sender_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0)
-                    .0,
+                vpk: sender_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
+                view_tag: 0,
                 nsk: sender_keys.nsk,
                 membership_proof: (0, vec![]),
                 identifier: 0,
             },
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateUnauthorized {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &recipient_keys.npk(),
-                    &recipient_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
+                vpk: recipient_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
                 npk: recipient_keys.npk(),
-                ssk: SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(
-                    &recipient_keys.vpk(),
-                    &[0_u8; 32],
-                    0,
-                )
-                .0,
-                commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
                 identifier: 0,
+                commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             },
         ],
         &program.into(),
@@ -358,13 +296,13 @@ fn circuit_should_fail_if_new_private_account_is_provided_with_default_values_bu
             ..Account::default()
         },
         true,
-        (&sender_keys.npk(), 0),
+        (&sender_keys.npk(), &sender_keys.vpk(), 0),
     );
     let private_account_2 = AccountWithMetadata::new(
         Account::default(),
         // This should be set to false in normal circumstances
         true,
-        (&recipient_keys.npk(), 0),
+        (&recipient_keys.npk(), &recipient_keys.vpk(), 0),
     );
 
     let result = execute_and_prove(
@@ -372,32 +310,19 @@ fn circuit_should_fail_if_new_private_account_is_provided_with_default_values_bu
         Program::serialize_instruction(10_u128).unwrap(),
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &sender_keys.npk(),
-                    &sender_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
-                ssk: SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&sender_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0)
-                    .0,
+                vpk: sender_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
+                view_tag: 0,
                 nsk: sender_keys.nsk,
                 membership_proof: (0, vec![]),
                 identifier: 0,
             },
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateUnauthorized {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &recipient_keys.npk(),
-                    &recipient_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
+                vpk: recipient_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
                 npk: recipient_keys.npk(),
-                ssk: SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(
-                    &recipient_keys.vpk(),
-                    &[0_u8; 32],
-                    0,
-                )
-                .0,
-                commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
                 identifier: 0,
+                commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             },
         ],
         &program.into(),
@@ -415,7 +340,6 @@ fn private_pda_without_binding_fails() {
     let program = crate::test_methods::simple_balance_transfer();
     let keys = test_private_account_keys_1();
     let npk = keys.npk();
-    let shared_secret = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
     let public_account_1 = AccountWithMetadata::new(
         Account {
             program_owner: program.id(),
@@ -434,10 +358,9 @@ fn private_pda_without_binding_fails() {
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::Public,
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaInit {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&npk, &keys.vpk()),
+                vpk: keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
                 npk,
-                ssk: shared_secret,
                 identifier: u128::MAX,
                 commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
                 seed: None,
@@ -460,19 +383,17 @@ fn private_pda_claim_succeeds() {
     let keys = test_private_account_keys_1();
     let npk = keys.npk();
     let seed = PdaSeed::new([42; 32]);
-    let shared_secret = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
 
-    let account_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program.id(), &seed, &npk, u128::MAX);
+    let account_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program.id(), &seed, &npk, &keys.vpk(), u128::MAX);
     let pre_state = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, account_id);
 
     let result = execute_and_prove(
         vec![pre_state],
         Program::serialize_instruction(seed).unwrap(),
         vec![InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaInit {
-            epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&npk, &keys.vpk()),
+            vpk: keys.vpk(),
+            random_seed: [0; 32],
             npk,
-            ssk: shared_secret,
             identifier: u128::MAX,
             commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             seed: None,
@@ -500,22 +421,21 @@ fn private_pda_npk_mismatch_fails() {
     let npk_a = keys_a.npk();
     let npk_b = keys_b.npk();
     let seed = PdaSeed::new([42; 32]);
-    let shared_secret = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys_b.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
 
     // `account_id` is derived from `npk_a`, but `npk_b` is supplied for this pre_state.
     // `AccountId::for_private_pda(program, seed, npk_b) != account_id`, so the claim check in
     // the circuit must reject.
-    let account_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program.id(), &seed, &npk_a, u128::MAX);
+    let account_id =
+        AccountId::for_private_pda(&program.id(), &seed, &npk_a, &keys_a.vpk(), u128::MAX);
     let pre_state = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, account_id);
 
     let result = execute_and_prove(
         vec![pre_state],
         Program::serialize_instruction(seed).unwrap(),
         vec![InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaInit {
-            epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&npk_b, &keys_b.vpk()),
+            vpk: keys_b.vpk(),
+            random_seed: [0; 32],
             npk: npk_b,
-            ssk: shared_secret,
             identifier: u128::MAX,
             commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             seed: None,
@@ -538,9 +458,9 @@ fn caller_pda_seeds_authorize_private_pda_for_callee() {
     let keys = test_private_account_keys_1();
     let npk = keys.npk();
     let seed = PdaSeed::new([77; 32]);
-    let shared_secret = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
 
-    let account_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&delegator.id(), &seed, &npk, u128::MAX);
+    let account_id =
+        AccountId::for_private_pda(&delegator.id(), &seed, &npk, &keys.vpk(), u128::MAX);
     let pre_state = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, account_id);
 
     let callee_id = callee.id();
@@ -550,10 +470,9 @@ fn caller_pda_seeds_authorize_private_pda_for_callee() {
         vec![pre_state],
         Program::serialize_instruction((seed, seed, callee_id)).unwrap(),
         vec![InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaInit {
-            epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&npk, &keys.vpk()),
+            vpk: keys.vpk(),
+            random_seed: [0; 32],
             npk,
-            ssk: shared_secret,
             identifier: u128::MAX,
             commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             seed: None,
@@ -579,9 +498,9 @@ fn caller_pda_seeds_with_wrong_seed_rejects_private_pda_for_callee() {
     let npk = keys.npk();
     let claim_seed = PdaSeed::new([77; 32]);
     let wrong_delegated_seed = PdaSeed::new([88; 32]);
-    let shared_secret = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
 
-    let account_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&delegator.id(), &claim_seed, &npk, u128::MAX);
+    let account_id =
+        AccountId::for_private_pda(&delegator.id(), &claim_seed, &npk, &keys.vpk(), u128::MAX);
     let pre_state = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, account_id);
 
     let callee_id = callee.id();
@@ -591,10 +510,9 @@ fn caller_pda_seeds_with_wrong_seed_rejects_private_pda_for_callee() {
         vec![pre_state],
         Program::serialize_instruction((claim_seed, wrong_delegated_seed, callee_id)).unwrap(),
         vec![InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaInit {
-            epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&npk, &keys.vpk()),
+            vpk: keys.vpk(),
+            random_seed: [0; 32],
             npk,
-            ssk: shared_secret,
             identifier: u128::MAX,
             commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             seed: None,
@@ -619,11 +537,21 @@ fn two_private_pda_claims_under_same_seed_are_rejected() {
     let keys_a = test_private_account_keys_1();
     let keys_b = test_private_account_keys_2();
     let seed = PdaSeed::new([55; 32]);
-    let shared_a = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys_a.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
-    let shared_b = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys_b.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
 
-    let account_a = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program.id(), &seed, &keys_a.npk(), u128::MAX);
-    let account_b = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program.id(), &seed, &keys_b.npk(), u128::MAX);
+    let account_a = AccountId::for_private_pda(
+        &program.id(),
+        &seed,
+        &keys_a.npk(),
+        &keys_a.vpk(),
+        u128::MAX,
+    );
+    let account_b = AccountId::for_private_pda(
+        &program.id(),
+        &seed,
+        &keys_b.npk(),
+        &keys_b.vpk(),
+        u128::MAX,
+    );
 
     let pre_a = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, account_a);
     let pre_b = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, account_b);
@@ -633,19 +561,17 @@ fn two_private_pda_claims_under_same_seed_are_rejected() {
         Program::serialize_instruction(seed).unwrap(),
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaInit {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&keys_a.npk(), &keys_a.vpk()),
+                vpk: keys_a.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
                 npk: keys_a.npk(),
-                ssk: shared_a,
                 identifier: u128::MAX,
                 commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
                 seed: None,
             },
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaInit {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&keys_b.npk(), &keys_b.vpk()),
+                vpk: keys_b.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
                 npk: keys_b.npk(),
-                ssk: shared_b,
                 identifier: u128::MAX,
                 commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
                 seed: None,
@@ -667,12 +593,11 @@ fn private_pda_top_level_reuse_rejected_by_binding_check() {
     let program = crate::test_methods::noop();
     let keys = test_private_account_keys_1();
     let npk = keys.npk();
-    let shared_secret = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
     let seed = PdaSeed::new([99; 32]);
 
     // Simulate a previously-claimed private PDA: program_owner != DEFAULT, is_authorized =
     // true, account_id derived via the private formula.
-    let account_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program.id(), &seed, &npk, u128::MAX);
+    let account_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program.id(), &seed, &npk, &keys.vpk(), u128::MAX);
     let owned_pre_state = AccountWithMetadata::new(
         Account {
             program_owner: program.id(),
@@ -686,10 +611,9 @@ fn private_pda_top_level_reuse_rejected_by_binding_check() {
         vec![owned_pre_state],
         Program::serialize_instruction(()).unwrap(),
         vec![InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaInit {
-            epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&npk, &keys.vpk()),
+            vpk: keys.vpk(),
+            random_seed: [0; 32],
             npk,
-            ssk: shared_secret,
             identifier: u128::MAX,
             commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             seed: None,
@@ -766,33 +690,25 @@ fn circuit_should_fail_if_there_are_repeated_ids() {
             ..Account::default()
         },
         true,
-        (&sender_keys.npk(), 0),
+        (&sender_keys.npk(), &sender_keys.vpk(), 0),
     );
 
-    let shared_secret =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&sender_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
     let result = execute_and_prove(
         vec![private_account_1.clone(), private_account_1],
         Program::serialize_instruction(100_u128).unwrap(),
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &sender_keys.npk(),
-                    &sender_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
-                ssk: shared_secret,
+                vpk: sender_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
+                view_tag: 0,
                 nsk: sender_keys.nsk,
                 membership_proof: (1, vec![]),
                 identifier: 0,
             },
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &sender_keys.npk(),
-                    &sender_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
-                ssk: shared_secret,
+                vpk: sender_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
+                view_tag: 0,
                 nsk: sender_keys.nsk,
                 membership_proof: (1, vec![]),
                 identifier: 0,
@@ -812,14 +728,15 @@ fn private_authorized_uninitialized_account() {
     let private_keys = test_private_account_keys_1();
 
     // Create an authorized private account with default values (new account being initialized)
-    let authorized_account =
-        AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), true, (&private_keys.npk(), 0));
+    let authorized_account = AccountWithMetadata::new(
+        Account::default(),
+        true,
+        (&private_keys.npk(), &private_keys.vpk(), 0),
+    );
 
     let program = crate::test_methods::simple_balance_transfer();
 
     // Set up parameters for the new account
-    let (shared_secret, epk) =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&private_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0);
 
     let instruction: u128 = 0;
 
@@ -828,12 +745,8 @@ fn private_authorized_uninitialized_account() {
         vec![authorized_account],
         Program::serialize_instruction(instruction).unwrap(),
         vec![InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedInit {
-            epk,
-            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                &private_keys.npk(),
-                &private_keys.vpk(),
-            ),
-            ssk: shared_secret,
+            vpk: private_keys.vpk(),
+            random_seed: [0; 32],
             nsk: private_keys.nsk,
             identifier: 0,
             commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
@@ -851,7 +764,8 @@ fn private_authorized_uninitialized_account() {
     let result = state.transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(&tx, 1, 0);
     assert!(result.is_ok());
 
-    let account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&private_keys.npk(), 0);
+    let account_id =
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&private_keys.npk(), &private_keys.vpk(), 0);
     let nullifier = Nullifier::for_account_initialization(&account_id);
     assert!(state.private_state.1.contains(&nullifier));
 }
@@ -865,24 +779,21 @@ fn private_unauthorized_uninitialized_account_can_still_be_claimed() {
     // especially PDAs. Private PDAs are not useful in practice because there is no way to
     // operate them without the corresponding private keys, so unauthorized private claiming
     // remains allowed.
-    let unauthorized_account =
-        AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, (&private_keys.npk(), 0));
+    let unauthorized_account = AccountWithMetadata::new(
+        Account::default(),
+        false,
+        (&private_keys.npk(), &private_keys.vpk(), 0),
+    );
 
     let program = crate::test_methods::claimer();
-    let (shared_secret, epk) =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&private_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0);
 
     let (output, proof) = execute_and_prove(
         vec![unauthorized_account],
         Program::serialize_instruction(()).unwrap(),
         vec![InputAccountIdentity::PrivateUnauthorized {
-            epk,
-            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                &private_keys.npk(),
-                &private_keys.vpk(),
-            ),
+            vpk: private_keys.vpk(),
+            random_seed: [0; 32],
             npk: private_keys.npk(),
-            ssk: shared_secret,
             identifier: 0,
             commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
         }],
@@ -899,7 +810,8 @@ fn private_unauthorized_uninitialized_account_can_still_be_claimed() {
         .transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(&tx, 1, 0)
         .unwrap();
 
-    let account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&private_keys.npk(), 0);
+    let account_id =
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&private_keys.npk(), &private_keys.vpk(), 0);
     let nullifier = Nullifier::for_account_initialization(&account_id);
     assert!(state.private_state.1.contains(&nullifier));
 }
@@ -912,14 +824,15 @@ fn private_account_claimed_then_used_without_init_flag_should_fail() {
     let private_keys = test_private_account_keys_1();
 
     // Step 1: Create a new private account with authorization
-    let authorized_account =
-        AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), true, (&private_keys.npk(), 0));
+    let authorized_account = AccountWithMetadata::new(
+        Account::default(),
+        true,
+        (&private_keys.npk(), &private_keys.vpk(), 0),
+    );
 
     let claimer_program = crate::test_methods::claimer();
 
     // Set up parameters for claiming the new account
-    let (shared_secret, epk) =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&private_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0);
 
     let instruction = ();
 
@@ -928,12 +841,8 @@ fn private_account_claimed_then_used_without_init_flag_should_fail() {
         vec![authorized_account.clone()],
         Program::serialize_instruction(instruction).unwrap(),
         vec![InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedInit {
-            epk,
-            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                &private_keys.npk(),
-                &private_keys.vpk(),
-            ),
-            ssk: shared_secret,
+            vpk: private_keys.vpk(),
+            random_seed: [0; 32],
             nsk: private_keys.nsk,
             identifier: 0,
             commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
@@ -955,7 +864,8 @@ fn private_account_claimed_then_used_without_init_flag_should_fail() {
     );
 
     // Verify the account is now initialized (nullifier exists)
-    let account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&private_keys.npk(), 0);
+    let account_id =
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&private_keys.npk(), &private_keys.vpk(), 0);
     let nullifier = Nullifier::for_account_initialization(&account_id);
     assert!(state.private_state.1.contains(&nullifier));
 
@@ -967,20 +877,14 @@ fn private_account_claimed_then_used_without_init_flag_should_fail() {
     };
 
     let noop_program = crate::test_methods::noop();
-    let shared_secret2 =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&private_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
 
     // Step 3: Try to execute noop program with authentication but without initialization
     let res = execute_and_prove(
         vec![account_metadata],
         Program::serialize_instruction(()).unwrap(),
         vec![InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedInit {
-            epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                &private_keys.npk(),
-                &private_keys.vpk(),
-            ),
-            ssk: shared_secret2,
+            vpk: private_keys.vpk(),
+            random_seed: [0; 32],
             nsk: private_keys.nsk,
             identifier: 0,
             commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
@@ -1010,8 +914,10 @@ fn two_private_pda_family_members_receive_and_spend() {
     );
 
     let funder_id = funder_keys.account_id();
-    let alice_pda_0_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&proxy_id, &seed, &alice_npk, 0);
-    let alice_pda_1_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&proxy_id, &seed, &alice_npk, 1);
+    let alice_pda_0_id =
+        AccountId::for_private_pda(&proxy_id, &seed, &alice_npk, &alice_keys.vpk(), 0);
+    let alice_pda_1_id =
+        AccountId::for_private_pda(&proxy_id, &seed, &alice_npk, &alice_keys.vpk(), 1);
     let recipient_id = test_public_account_keys_2().account_id();
     let recipient_signing_key = test_public_account_keys_2().signing_key;
 
@@ -1031,11 +937,6 @@ fn two_private_pda_family_members_receive_and_spend() {
         ..Account::default()
     };
 
-    let (alice_shared_0, alice_epk_0) =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&alice_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0);
-    let (alice_shared_1, alice_epk_1) =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&alice_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 1);
-
     // Fund alice_pda_0 via authenticated_transfer directly.
     {
         let funder_account = state.get_account_by_id(funder_id);
@@ -1049,10 +950,9 @@ fn two_private_pda_family_members_receive_and_spend() {
             vec![
                 InputAccountIdentity::Public,
                 InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaInit {
-                    epk: alice_epk_0.clone(),
-                    view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&alice_npk, &alice_keys.vpk()),
+                    vpk: alice_keys.vpk(),
+                    random_seed: [0; 32],
                     npk: alice_npk,
-                    ssk: alice_shared_0,
                     identifier: 0,
                     commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
                     seed: Some((seed, proxy_id)),
@@ -1086,10 +986,9 @@ fn two_private_pda_family_members_receive_and_spend() {
             vec![
                 InputAccountIdentity::Public,
                 InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaInit {
-                    epk: alice_epk_1.clone(),
-                    view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&alice_npk, &alice_keys.vpk()),
+                    vpk: alice_keys.vpk(),
+                    random_seed: [0; 32],
                     npk: alice_npk,
-                    ssk: alice_shared_1,
                     identifier: 1,
                     commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
                     seed: Some((seed, proxy_id)),
@@ -1127,9 +1026,9 @@ fn two_private_pda_family_members_receive_and_spend() {
             Program::serialize_instruction((seed, amount, simple_transfer_id)).unwrap(),
             vec![
                 InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaUpdate {
-                    epk: alice_epk_0,
-                    view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&alice_npk, &alice_keys.vpk()),
-                    ssk: alice_shared_0,
+                    vpk: alice_keys.vpk(),
+                    random_seed: [0; 32],
+                    view_tag: 0,
                     nsk: alice_keys.nsk,
                     membership_proof: state
                         .get_proof_for_commitment(&commitment_pda_0)
@@ -1165,9 +1064,9 @@ fn two_private_pda_family_members_receive_and_spend() {
             Program::serialize_instruction((seed, amount, simple_transfer_id)).unwrap(),
             vec![
                 InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaUpdate {
-                    epk: alice_epk_1,
-                    view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&alice_npk, &alice_keys.vpk()),
-                    ssk: alice_shared_1,
+                    vpk: alice_keys.vpk(),
+                    random_seed: [0; 32],
+                    view_tag: 0,
                     nsk: alice_keys.nsk,
                     membership_proof: state
                         .get_proof_for_commitment(&commitment_pda_1)
@@ -1205,7 +1104,6 @@ fn two_private_pda_family_members_receive_and_spend() {
     };
     let commitment_pda_1_after_spend =
         Commitment::new(&alice_pda_1_id, &alice_pda_1_account_after_spend);
-    let alice_shared_1_refund = SharedSecretKey([12; 32]);
     {
         let recipient_account = state.get_account_by_id(recipient_id);
         let recipient_nonce = recipient_account.nonce;
@@ -1218,10 +1116,10 @@ fn two_private_pda_family_members_receive_and_spend() {
             vec![
                 InputAccountIdentity::Public,
                 InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaUpdate {
-                    epk: EphemeralPublicKey(vec![12_u8; ML_KEM_768_CIPHERTEXT_LEN]),
-                    view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&alice_npk, &alice_keys.vpk()),
+                    vpk: alice_keys.vpk(),
+                    random_seed: [0; 32],
+                    view_tag: 0,
                     nsk: alice_keys.nsk,
-                    ssk: alice_shared_1_refund,
                     membership_proof: state
                         .get_proof_for_commitment(&commitment_pda_1_after_spend)
                         .expect("pda_1 after spend must be in state"),

lee/state_machine/src/state/tests/claiming.rs

@@ -303,19 +303,21 @@ fn authorized_public_account_claiming_succeeds_when_executed_privately() {
         balance: 100,
         ..Account::default()
     };
-    let sender_account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&sender_keys.npk(), 0);
+    let sender_account_id =
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&sender_keys.npk(), &sender_keys.vpk(), 0);
     let sender_commitment = Commitment::new(&sender_account_id, &sender_private_account);
     let sender_init_nullifier = Nullifier::for_account_initialization(&sender_account_id);
     let mut state =
         V03State::new().with_private_accounts([(sender_commitment.clone(), sender_init_nullifier)]);
-    let sender_pre =
-        AccountWithMetadata::new(sender_private_account, true, (&sender_keys.npk(), 0));
+    let sender_pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(
+        sender_private_account,
+        true,
+        (&sender_keys.npk(), &sender_keys.vpk(), 0),
+    );
     let recipient_private_key = PrivateKey::try_new([2; 32]).unwrap();
     let recipient_account_id =
         AccountId::from(&PublicKey::new_from_private_key(&recipient_private_key));
     let recipient_pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), true, recipient_account_id);
-    let (shared_secret, epk) =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&sender_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0);
 
     let balance = 37;
 
@@ -324,12 +326,9 @@ fn authorized_public_account_claiming_succeeds_when_executed_privately() {
         Program::serialize_instruction(balance).unwrap(),
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-                epk,
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &sender_keys.npk(),
-                    &sender_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
-                ssk: shared_secret,
+                vpk: sender_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
+                view_tag: 0,
                 nsk: sender_keys.nsk,
                 membership_proof: state
                     .get_proof_for_commitment(&sender_commitment)
@@ -383,7 +382,7 @@ fn private_chained_call(number_of_calls: u32) {
             ..Account::default()
         },
         true,
-        (&from_keys.npk(), 0),
+        (&from_keys.npk(), &from_keys.vpk(), 0),
     );
     let to_account = AccountWithMetadata::new(
         Account {
@@ -391,11 +390,12 @@ fn private_chained_call(number_of_calls: u32) {
             ..Account::default()
         },
         true,
-        (&to_keys.npk(), 0),
+        (&to_keys.npk(), &to_keys.vpk(), 0),
     );
 
-    let from_account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&from_keys.npk(), 0);
-    let to_account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&to_keys.npk(), 0);
+    let from_account_id =
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&from_keys.npk(), &from_keys.vpk(), 0);
+    let to_account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&to_keys.npk(), &to_keys.vpk(), 0);
     let from_commitment = Commitment::new(&from_account_id, &from_account.account);
     let to_commitment = Commitment::new(&to_account_id, &to_account.account);
     let from_init_nullifier = Nullifier::for_account_initialization(&from_account_id);
@@ -414,12 +414,6 @@ fn private_chained_call(number_of_calls: u32) {
         None,
     );
 
-    let (from_ss, from_epk) =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&from_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0);
-
-    let (to_ss, to_epk) =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&to_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 1);
-
     let mut dependencies = HashMap::new();
 
     dependencies.insert(simple_transfers.id(), simple_transfers);
@@ -448,9 +442,9 @@ fn private_chained_call(number_of_calls: u32) {
         Program::serialize_instruction(instruction).unwrap(),
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-                epk: to_epk,
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&to_keys.npk(), &to_keys.vpk()),
-                ssk: to_ss,
+                vpk: from_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
+                view_tag: 0,
                 nsk: from_keys.nsk,
                 membership_proof: state
                     .get_proof_for_commitment(&from_commitment)
@@ -458,12 +452,9 @@ fn private_chained_call(number_of_calls: u32) {
                 identifier: 0,
             },
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-                epk: from_epk,
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &from_keys.npk(),
-                    &from_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
-                ssk: from_ss,
+                vpk: to_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
+                view_tag: 0,
                 nsk: to_keys.nsk,
                 membership_proof: state
                     .get_proof_for_commitment(&to_commitment)

lee/state_machine/src/state/tests/genesis.rs

@@ -43,8 +43,8 @@ fn new_includes_nullifiers_for_private_accounts() {
         ..Account::default()
     };
 
-    let account_id1 = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&keys1.npk(), 0);
-    let account_id2 = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&keys2.npk(), 0);
+    let account_id1 = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&keys1.npk(), &keys1.vpk(), 0);
+    let account_id2 = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&keys2.npk(), &keys2.vpk(), 0);
 
     let init_commitment1 = Commitment::new(&account_id1, &account);
     let init_commitment2 = Commitment::new(&account_id2, &account);

lee/state_machine/src/state/tests/mod.rs

@@ -7,10 +7,10 @@
 use std::collections::HashMap;
 
 use lee_core::{
-    BlockId, Commitment, DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH, EncryptedAccountData, InputAccountIdentity,
-    Nullifier, NullifierPublicKey, NullifierSecretKey, SharedSecretKey, Timestamp,
+    BlockId, Commitment, DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH, InputAccountIdentity, Nullifier,
+    NullifierPublicKey, NullifierSecretKey, Timestamp,
     account::{Account, AccountId, AccountWithMetadata, Nonce, data::Data},
-    encryption::{EphemeralPublicKey, ML_KEM_768_CIPHERTEXT_LEN, ViewingPublicKey},
+    encryption::ViewingPublicKey,
     program::{
         BlockValidityWindow, ExecutionValidationError, MAX_NUMBER_CHAINED_CALLS, PdaSeed,
         ProgramId, TimestampValidityWindow, WrappedBalanceSum,
@@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ impl V03State {
 
     #[must_use]
     pub fn with_private_account(mut self, keys: &TestPrivateKeys, account: &Account) -> Self {
-        let account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&keys.npk(), 0);
+        let account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&keys.npk(), &keys.vpk(), 0);
         let commitment = Commitment::new(&account_id, account);
         self.private_state.0.extend(&[commitment]);
         self
@@ -267,10 +267,11 @@ fn shielded_balance_transfer_for_tests(
 
     let sender_nonce = sender.account.nonce;
 
-    let recipient = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, (&recipient_keys.npk(), 0));
-
-    let (shared_secret, epk) =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&recipient_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0);
+    let recipient = AccountWithMetadata::new(
+        Account::default(),
+        false,
+        (&recipient_keys.npk(), &recipient_keys.vpk(), 0),
+    );
 
     let (output, proof) = crate::privacy_preserving_transaction::circuit::execute_and_prove(
         vec![sender, recipient],
@@ -278,13 +279,9 @@ fn shielded_balance_transfer_for_tests(
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::Public,
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateUnauthorized {
-                epk,
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &recipient_keys.npk(),
-                    &recipient_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
+                vpk: recipient_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
                 npk: recipient_keys.npk(),
-                ssk: shared_secret,
                 identifier: 0,
                 commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             },
@@ -312,33 +309,28 @@ fn private_balance_transfer_for_tests(
     state: &V03State,
 ) -> PrivacyPreservingTransaction {
     let program = crate::test_methods::simple_balance_transfer();
-    let sender_account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&sender_keys.npk(), 0);
+    let sender_account_id =
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&sender_keys.npk(), &sender_keys.vpk(), 0);
     let sender_commitment = Commitment::new(&sender_account_id, sender_private_account);
     let sender_pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(
         sender_private_account.clone(),
         true,
-        (&sender_keys.npk(), 0),
+        (&sender_keys.npk(), &sender_keys.vpk(), 0),
+    );
+    let recipient_pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(
+        Account::default(),
+        false,
+        (&recipient_keys.npk(), &recipient_keys.vpk(), 0),
     );
-    let recipient_pre =
-        AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, (&recipient_keys.npk(), 0));
-
-    let (shared_secret_1, epk_1) =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&sender_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0);
-
-    let (shared_secret_2, epk_2) =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&recipient_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 1);
 
     let (output, proof) = crate::privacy_preserving_transaction::circuit::execute_and_prove(
         vec![sender_pre, recipient_pre],
         Program::serialize_instruction(balance_to_move).unwrap(),
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-                epk: epk_1,
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &sender_keys.npk(),
-                    &sender_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
-                ssk: shared_secret_1,
+                vpk: sender_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
+                view_tag: 0,
                 nsk: sender_keys.nsk,
                 membership_proof: state
                     .get_proof_for_commitment(&sender_commitment)
@@ -346,13 +338,9 @@ fn private_balance_transfer_for_tests(
                 identifier: 0,
             },
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateUnauthorized {
-                epk: epk_2,
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &recipient_keys.npk(),
-                    &recipient_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
+                vpk: recipient_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
                 npk: recipient_keys.npk(),
-                ssk: shared_secret_2,
                 identifier: 0,
                 commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             },
@@ -376,12 +364,13 @@ fn deshielded_balance_transfer_for_tests(
     state: &V03State,
 ) -> PrivacyPreservingTransaction {
     let program = crate::test_methods::simple_balance_transfer();
-    let sender_account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&sender_keys.npk(), 0);
+    let sender_account_id =
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&sender_keys.npk(), &sender_keys.vpk(), 0);
     let sender_commitment = Commitment::new(&sender_account_id, sender_private_account);
     let sender_pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(
         sender_private_account.clone(),
         true,
-        (&sender_keys.npk(), 0),
+        (&sender_keys.npk(), &sender_keys.vpk(), 0),
     );
     let recipient_pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(
         state.get_account_by_id(*recipient_account_id),
@@ -389,20 +378,14 @@ fn deshielded_balance_transfer_for_tests(
         *recipient_account_id,
     );
 
-    let (shared_secret, epk) =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&sender_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0);
-
     let (output, proof) = crate::privacy_preserving_transaction::circuit::execute_and_prove(
         vec![sender_pre, recipient_pre],
         Program::serialize_instruction(balance_to_move).unwrap(),
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-                epk,
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &sender_keys.npk(),
-                    &sender_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
-                ssk: shared_secret,
+                vpk: sender_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
+                view_tag: 0,
                 nsk: sender_keys.nsk,
                 membership_proof: state
                     .get_proof_for_commitment(&sender_commitment)

lee/state_machine/src/state/tests/privacy_preserving.rs

@@ -68,8 +68,10 @@ fn transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction_private() {
         &state,
     );
 
-    let sender_account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&sender_keys.npk(), 0);
-    let recipient_account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&recipient_keys.npk(), 0);
+    let sender_account_id =
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&sender_keys.npk(), &sender_keys.vpk(), 0);
+    let recipient_account_id =
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&recipient_keys.npk(), &recipient_keys.vpk(), 0);
     let expected_new_commitment_1 = Commitment::new(
         &sender_account_id,
         &Account {
@@ -203,7 +205,8 @@ fn transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction_deshielded() {
         &state,
     );
 
-    let sender_account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&sender_keys.npk(), 0);
+    let sender_account_id =
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&sender_keys.npk(), &sender_keys.vpk(), 0);
     let expected_new_commitment = Commitment::new(
         &sender_account_id,
         &Account {
@@ -487,10 +490,14 @@ fn malicious_authorization_changer_should_fail_in_privacy_preserving_circuit() {
         false,
         sender_keys.account_id(),
     );
-    let recipient_account =
-        AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), true, (&recipient_keys.npk(), 0));
+    let recipient_account = AccountWithMetadata::new(
+        Account::default(),
+        true,
+        (&recipient_keys.npk(), &recipient_keys.vpk(), 0),
+    );
 
-    let recipient_account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&recipient_keys.npk(), 0);
+    let recipient_account_id =
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&recipient_keys.npk(), &recipient_keys.vpk(), 0);
     let recipient_commitment = Commitment::new(&recipient_account_id, &recipient_account.account);
     let recipient_init_nullifier = Nullifier::for_account_initialization(&recipient_account_id);
     let state = V03State::new()
@@ -504,9 +511,6 @@ fn malicious_authorization_changer_should_fail_in_privacy_preserving_circuit() {
     let balance_to_transfer = 10_u128;
     let instruction = (balance_to_transfer, simple_transfers.id());
 
-    let recipient =
-        SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&recipient_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0).0;
-
     let mut dependencies = HashMap::new();
     dependencies.insert(simple_transfers.id(), simple_transfers);
     let program_with_deps = ProgramWithDependencies::new(malicious_program, dependencies);
@@ -518,12 +522,9 @@ fn malicious_authorization_changer_should_fail_in_privacy_preserving_circuit() {
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::Public,
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(Vec::new()),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &recipient_keys.npk(),
-                    &recipient_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
-                ssk: recipient,
+                vpk: recipient_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
+                view_tag: 0,
                 nsk: recipient_keys.nsk,
                 membership_proof: state
                     .get_proof_for_commitment(&recipient_commitment)

lee/state_machine/src/state/tests/validity_window.rs

@@ -124,12 +124,13 @@ fn validity_window_works_in_privacy_preserving_transactions(
     let block_validity_window: BlockValidityWindow = validity_window.try_into().unwrap();
     let validity_window_program = crate::test_methods::validity_window();
     let account_keys = test_private_account_keys_1();
-    let pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, (&account_keys.npk(), 0));
+    let pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(
+        Account::default(),
+        false,
+        (&account_keys.npk(), &account_keys.vpk(), 0),
+    );
     let mut state = V03State::new().with_test_programs();
     let tx = {
-        let (shared_secret, epk) =
-            SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&account_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0);
-
         let instruction = (
             block_validity_window,
             TimestampValidityWindow::new_unbounded(),
@@ -138,13 +139,9 @@ fn validity_window_works_in_privacy_preserving_transactions(
             vec![pre],
             Program::serialize_instruction(instruction).unwrap(),
             vec![InputAccountIdentity::PrivateUnauthorized {
-                epk,
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &account_keys.npk(),
-                    &account_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
+                vpk: account_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
                 npk: account_keys.npk(),
-                ssk: shared_secret,
                 identifier: 0,
                 commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             }],
@@ -192,12 +189,13 @@ fn timestamp_validity_window_works_in_privacy_preserving_transactions(
     let timestamp_validity_window: TimestampValidityWindow = validity_window.try_into().unwrap();
     let validity_window_program = crate::test_methods::validity_window();
     let account_keys = test_private_account_keys_1();
-    let pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, (&account_keys.npk(), 0));
+    let pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(
+        Account::default(),
+        false,
+        (&account_keys.npk(), &account_keys.vpk(), 0),
+    );
     let mut state = V03State::new().with_test_programs();
     let tx = {
-        let (shared_secret, epk) =
-            SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&account_keys.vpk(), &[0_u8; 32], 0);
-
         let instruction = (
             BlockValidityWindow::new_unbounded(),
             timestamp_validity_window,
@@ -206,13 +204,9 @@ fn timestamp_validity_window_works_in_privacy_preserving_transactions(
             vec![pre],
             Program::serialize_instruction(instruction).unwrap(),
             vec![InputAccountIdentity::PrivateUnauthorized {
-                epk,
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &account_keys.npk(),
-                    &account_keys.vpk(),
-                ),
+                vpk: account_keys.vpk(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
                 npk: account_keys.npk(),
-                ssk: shared_secret,
                 identifier: 0,
                 commitment_root: DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH,
             }],

lee/state_machine/src/validated_state_diff/tests.rs

@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ fn public_diff_reflects_a_successful_transfer() {
 #[test]
 fn privacy_malicious_programs_cannot_drain_public_victim() {
     use lee_core::{
-        Commitment, EncryptedAccountData, InputAccountIdentity, SharedSecretKey,
+        Commitment, InputAccountIdentity,
         account::{Account, AccountWithMetadata},
     };
 
@@ -105,8 +105,8 @@ fn privacy_malicious_programs_cannot_drain_public_victim() {
 
     // Attacker controls a private account.
     let attacker_keys = test_private_account_keys_1();
-    let attacker_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&attacker_keys.npk(), 0);
-    let (attacker_ssk, attacker_epk) = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate(&attacker_keys.vpk());
+    let attacker_id =
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&attacker_keys.npk(), &attacker_keys.vpk(), 0);
 
     let victim_id = AccountId::new([20_u8; 32]);
     let recipient_id = AccountId::new([42_u8; 32]);
@@ -165,12 +165,9 @@ fn privacy_malicious_programs_cannot_drain_public_victim() {
     //   [2] recipient — first seen in simple_balance_transfer's program_output.pre_states
     let account_identities = vec![
         InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-            epk: attacker_epk,
-            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                &attacker_keys.npk(),
-                &attacker_keys.vpk(),
-            ),
-            ssk: attacker_ssk,
+            vpk: attacker_keys.vpk(),
+            random_seed: [0; 32],
+            view_tag: 0,
             nsk: attacker_keys.nsk,
             membership_proof,
             identifier: 0,
@@ -232,7 +229,7 @@ fn privacy_malicious_programs_cannot_drain_public_victim() {
 #[test]
 fn privacy_malicious_programs_cannot_drain_private_victim() {
     use lee_core::{
-        Commitment, EncryptedAccountData, InputAccountIdentity, SharedSecretKey,
+        Commitment, InputAccountIdentity,
         account::{Account, AccountWithMetadata},
     };
 
@@ -262,12 +259,13 @@ fn privacy_malicious_programs_cannot_drain_private_victim() {
 
     // Attacker controls a private account.
     let attacker_keys = test_private_account_keys_1();
-    let attacker_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&attacker_keys.npk(), 0);
-    let (attacker_ssk, attacker_epk) = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate(&attacker_keys.vpk());
+    let attacker_id =
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&attacker_keys.npk(), &attacker_keys.vpk(), 0);
 
     // Victim is a private account — not registered in public chain state.
     let victim_keys = test_private_account_keys_2();
-    let victim_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&victim_keys.npk(), 0);
+    let victim_id =
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&victim_keys.npk(), &victim_keys.vpk(), 0);
     let victim_balance = 5_000_u128;
 
     let recipient_id = AccountId::new([42_u8; 32]);
@@ -328,12 +326,9 @@ fn privacy_malicious_programs_cannot_drain_private_victim() {
     // so PrivateAuthorizedUpdate is not an option.
     let account_identities = vec![
         InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-            epk: attacker_epk,
-            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                &attacker_keys.npk(),
-                &attacker_keys.vpk(),
-            ),
-            ssk: attacker_ssk,
+            vpk: attacker_keys.vpk(),
+            random_seed: [0; 32],
+            view_tag: 0,
             nsk: attacker_keys.nsk,
             membership_proof,
             identifier: 0,

lez/indexer/core/Cargo.toml

@@ -30,4 +30,3 @@ tokio.workspace = true
 
 [dev-dependencies]
 tempfile.workspace = true
-authenticated_transfer_core.workspace = true

lez/sequencer/core/src/tests.rs

@@ -10,15 +10,15 @@ use common::{
 };
 use key_protocol::key_management::KeyChain;
 use lee::{
-    Account, AccountId, Data, EphemeralPublicKey, PrivacyPreservingTransaction, PrivateKey,
-    PublicKey, PublicTransaction, SharedSecretKey, V03State,
+    Account, AccountId, Data, PrivacyPreservingTransaction, PrivateKey, PublicKey,
+    PublicTransaction, V03State,
     error::LeeError,
     execute_and_prove,
     privacy_preserving_transaction::{Message, circuit::ProgramWithDependencies},
     program::Program,
 };
 use lee_core::{
-    Commitment, EncryptedAccountData, InputAccountIdentity, Nullifier,
+    Commitment, InputAccountIdentity, Nullifier,
     account::{AccountWithMetadata, Nonce},
     program::PdaSeed,
 };
@@ -790,8 +790,11 @@ async fn block_production_aborts_when_clock_account_data_is_corrupted() {
 #[test]
 fn private_bridge_withdraw_invocation_is_dropped() {
     let sender_keys = KeyChain::new_os_random();
-    let sender_account_id =
-        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&sender_keys.nullifier_public_key, 0);
+    let sender_account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(
+        &sender_keys.nullifier_public_key,
+        &sender_keys.viewing_public_key,
+        0,
+    );
     let sender_private_account = Account {
         program_owner: programs::authenticated_transfer().id(),
         balance: 100,
@@ -812,7 +815,11 @@ fn private_bridge_withdraw_invocation_is_dropped() {
     let sender_pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(
         sender_private_account,
         true,
-        (&sender_keys.nullifier_public_key, 0),
+        (
+            &sender_keys.nullifier_public_key,
+            &sender_keys.viewing_public_key,
+            0,
+        ),
     );
     let bridge_pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(
         state.get_account_by_id(bridge_account_id),
@@ -820,8 +827,6 @@ fn private_bridge_withdraw_invocation_is_dropped() {
         bridge_account_id,
     );
 
-    let shared_secret = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate(&sender_keys.viewing_public_key).0;
-
     let instruction = Program::serialize_instruction(bridge_core::Instruction::Withdraw {
         amount: 1,
         bedrock_account_pk: [0; 32],
@@ -842,12 +847,9 @@ fn private_bridge_withdraw_invocation_is_dropped() {
         instruction,
         vec![
             InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-                epk: EphemeralPublicKey(vec![12_u8; 1088]),
-                view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(
-                    &sender_keys.nullifier_public_key,
-                    &sender_keys.viewing_public_key,
-                ),
-                ssk: shared_secret,
+                vpk: sender_keys.viewing_public_key.clone(),
+                random_seed: [0; 32],
+                view_tag: 0,
                 nsk: sender_keys.private_key_holder.nullifier_secret_key,
                 membership_proof: state
                     .get_proof_for_commitment(&sender_commitment)

lez/testnet_initial_state/src/lib.rs

@@ -86,6 +86,7 @@ pub struct PublicAccountPublicInitialData {
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, Serialize, Deserialize, PartialEq, Eq)]
 pub struct PrivateAccountPublicInitialData {
     pub npk: lee_core::NullifierPublicKey,
+    pub vpk: lee_core::encryption::ViewingPublicKey,
     pub account: lee_core::account::Account,
 }
 
@@ -108,6 +109,7 @@ impl PrivateAccountPrivateInitialData {
     pub fn account_id(&self) -> lee::AccountId {
         lee::AccountId::for_regular_private_account(
             &self.key_chain.nullifier_public_key,
+            &self.key_chain.viewing_public_key,
             self.identifier,
         )
     }
@@ -183,6 +185,7 @@ fn initial_commitments() -> Vec<PrivateAccountPublicInitialData> {
         .into_iter()
         .map(|data| PrivateAccountPublicInitialData {
             npk: data.key_chain.nullifier_public_key,
+            vpk: data.key_chain.viewing_public_key.clone(),
             account: data.account,
         })
         .collect()
@@ -193,7 +196,8 @@ fn initial_private_accounts() -> Vec<(lee_core::Commitment, lee_core::Nullifier)
         .iter()
         .map(|init_comm_data| {
             let npk = &init_comm_data.npk;
-            let account_id = lee::AccountId::for_regular_private_account(npk, 0);
+            let account_id =
+                lee::AccountId::for_regular_private_account(npk, &init_comm_data.vpk, 0);
 
             let mut acc = init_comm_data.account.clone();
 
@@ -304,8 +308,8 @@ mod tests {
     const PUB_ACC_A_TEXT_ADDR: &str = "6iArKUXxhUJqS7kCaPNhwMWt3ro71PDyBj7jwAyE2VQV";
     const PUB_ACC_B_TEXT_ADDR: &str = "7wHg9sbJwc6h3NP1S9bekfAzB8CHifEcxKswCKUt3YQo";
 
-    const PRIV_ACC_A_TEXT_ADDR: &str = "4eGX3M3rgjHsme8n3sSp89af8JRZtYVTesbJjLqaX1VQ";
-    const PRIV_ACC_B_TEXT_ADDR: &str = "3m6HQmCgmAvsxZtxAHPqqEqoBG4335fCG8TzxigyW7rE";
+    const PRIV_ACC_A_TEXT_ADDR: &str = "EVesBKsYRVtkjnTcsbk8tWHkBn2xZmzAXzwgrP3ZaVoZ";
+    const PRIV_ACC_B_TEXT_ADDR: &str = "94MXhZnueurjX6v37CYDKVEKYBiyhYArvtEdceq2XDQP";
 
     #[test]
     fn pub_state_consistency() {
@@ -440,6 +444,10 @@ mod tests {
             init_comms[0],
             PrivateAccountPublicInitialData {
                 npk: NullifierPublicKey(NPK_PRIV_ACC_A),
+                vpk: init_private_accs_keys[0]
+                    .key_chain
+                    .viewing_public_key
+                    .clone(),
                 account: Account {
                     program_owner: DEFAULT_PROGRAM_OWNER,
                     balance: PRIV_ACC_A_INITIAL_BALANCE,
@@ -453,6 +461,10 @@ mod tests {
             init_comms[1],
             PrivateAccountPublicInitialData {
                 npk: NullifierPublicKey(NPK_PRIV_ACC_B),
+                vpk: init_private_accs_keys[1]
+                    .key_chain
+                    .viewing_public_key
+                    .clone(),
                 account: Account {
                     program_owner: DEFAULT_PROGRAM_OWNER,
                     balance: PRIV_ACC_B_INITIAL_BALANCE,

lez/wallet-ffi/Cargo.toml

@@ -28,9 +28,6 @@ vault_core.workspace = true
 [build-dependencies]
 cbindgen = "0.29"
 
-[dev-dependencies]
-tempfile = "3"
-
 [features]
 default = ["prove"]
 prove = ["lee/prove"]

lez/wallet-ffi/src/types.rs

@@ -645,9 +645,10 @@ mod tests {
         let identifier = u128::from_le_bytes([45; 16]);
 
         let private_reg_acc_id =
-            AccountId::for_private_account(&npk, &PrivateAccountKind::Regular(identifier));
+            AccountId::for_private_account(&npk, &vpk, &PrivateAccountKind::Regular(identifier));
         let private_pda_acc_id = AccountId::for_private_account(
             &npk,
+            &vpk,
             &PrivateAccountKind::Pda {
                 program_id: [46; 8],
                 seed: PdaSeed::new([47; 32]),

lez/wallet/src/account_manager.rs

@@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
 use core::fmt;
 
 use anyhow::Result;
-use key_protocol::key_management::ephemeral_key_holder::EphemeralKeyHolder;
 use keycard_wallet::{KeycardWallet, python_path};
 use lee::{AccountId, PrivateKey, PublicKey, Signature};
 use lee_core::{
     CommitmentSetDigest, DUMMY_COMMITMENT_HASH, Identifier, InputAccountIdentity, MembershipProof,
     NullifierPublicKey, NullifierSecretKey, SharedSecretKey,
     account::{AccountWithMetadata, Nonce},
-    encryption::{EncryptedAccountData, EphemeralPublicKey, ViewingPublicKey},
+    encryption::{ViewTag, ViewingPublicKey},
 };
+use rand::{RngCore as _, rngs::OsRng};
 
 use crate::{ExecutionFailureKind, WalletCore};
 
@@ -201,15 +201,38 @@ impl AccountManager {
         for account in accounts {
             let state = match account {
                 AccountIdentity::Public(account_id) => {
-                    prepare_public_state(wallet, account_id, true).await?
+                    let acc = wallet
+                        .get_account_public(account_id)
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(ExecutionFailureKind::SequencerError)?;
+
+                    let sk = wallet.get_account_public_signing_key(account_id).cloned();
+                    let account = AccountWithMetadata::new(acc.clone(), sk.is_some(), account_id);
+
+                    State::Public { account, sk }
                 }
                 AccountIdentity::PublicNoSign(account_id) => {
-                    prepare_public_state(wallet, account_id, false).await?
+                    let acc = wallet
+                        .get_account_public(account_id)
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(ExecutionFailureKind::SequencerError)?;
+
+                    let sk = None;
+                    let account = AccountWithMetadata::new(acc.clone(), sk.is_some(), account_id);
+
+                    State::Public { account, sk }
                 }
                 AccountIdentity::PublicKeycard {
                     account_id,
                     key_path,
                 } => {
+                    let acc = wallet
+                        .get_account_public(account_id)
+                        .await
+                        .map_err(ExecutionFailureKind::SequencerError)?;
+
+                    let account = AccountWithMetadata::new(acc.clone(), true, account_id);
+
                     if pin.is_none() {
                         pin = Some(
                             crate::helperfunctions::read_pin()
@@ -225,40 +248,75 @@ impl AccountManager {
                                 .to_owned(),
                         );
                     }
-                    prepare_public_keycard_state(wallet, account_id, key_path).await?
+
+                    State::PublicKeycard { account, key_path }
+                }
+                AccountIdentity::PrivateOwned(account_id) => {
+                    let pre = private_key_tree_acc_preparation(wallet, account_id, false).await?;
+
+                    State::Private(pre)
                 }
-                AccountIdentity::PrivateOwned(account_id) => State::Private(
-                    private_key_tree_acc_preparation(wallet, account_id, false).await?,
-                ),
                 AccountIdentity::PrivateForeign {
                     npk,
                     vpk,
                     identifier,
-                } => State::Private(private_foreign_acc_preparation(npk, vpk, identifier)),
-                AccountIdentity::PrivatePdaOwned(account_id) => State::Private(
-                    private_key_tree_acc_preparation(wallet, account_id, true).await?,
-                ),
+                } => {
+                    let acc = lee_core::account::Account::default();
+                    let auth_acc = AccountWithMetadata::new(acc, false, (&npk, &vpk, identifier));
+                    let mut random_seed: [u8; 32] = [0; 32];
+                    OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut random_seed);
+                    let pre = AccountPreparedData {
+                        nsk: None,
+                        npk,
+                        identifier,
+                        vpk,
+                        pre_state: auth_acc,
+                        proof: None,
+                        random_seed,
+                        is_pda: false,
+                    };
+
+                    State::Private(pre)
+                }
+                AccountIdentity::PrivatePdaOwned(account_id) => {
+                    let pre = private_key_tree_acc_preparation(wallet, account_id, true).await?;
+                    State::Private(pre)
+                }
                 AccountIdentity::PrivatePdaForeign {
                     account_id,
                     npk,
                     vpk,
                     identifier,
-                } => State::Private(private_pda_foreign_acc_preparation(
-                    account_id, npk, vpk, identifier,
-                )),
+                } => {
+                    let acc = lee_core::account::Account::default();
+                    let auth_acc = AccountWithMetadata::new(acc, false, account_id);
+                    let mut random_seed: [u8; 32] = [0; 32];
+                    OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut random_seed);
+                    let pre = AccountPreparedData {
+                        nsk: None,
+                        npk,
+                        identifier,
+                        vpk,
+                        pre_state: auth_acc,
+                        proof: None,
+                        random_seed,
+                        is_pda: true,
+                    };
+                    State::Private(pre)
+                }
                 AccountIdentity::PrivateShared {
                     nsk,
                     npk,
                     vpk,
                     identifier,
                 } => {
-                    let account_id = lee::AccountId::from((&npk, identifier));
-                    State::Private(
-                        private_shared_acc_preparation(
-                            wallet, account_id, nsk, npk, vpk, identifier, false,
-                        )
-                        .await?,
+                    let account_id = lee::AccountId::from((&npk, &vpk, identifier));
+                    let pre = private_shared_acc_preparation(
+                        wallet, account_id, nsk, npk, vpk, identifier, false,
                     )
+                    .await?;
+
+                    State::Private(pre)
                 }
                 AccountIdentity::PrivatePdaShared {
                     account_id,
@@ -266,12 +324,14 @@ impl AccountManager {
                     npk,
                     vpk,
                     identifier,
-                } => State::Private(
-                    private_shared_acc_preparation(
+                } => {
+                    let pre = private_shared_acc_preparation(
                         wallet, account_id, nsk, npk, vpk, identifier, true,
                     )
-                    .await?,
-                ),
+                    .await?;
+
+                    State::Private(pre)
+                }
             };
 
             states.push(state);
@@ -327,9 +387,26 @@ impl AccountManager {
         self.states
             .iter()
             .filter_map(|state| match state {
-                State::Private(pre) => Some(PrivateAccountKeys { ssk: pre.ssk }),
+                State::Private(pre) => Some(pre),
                 State::Public { .. } | State::PublicKeycard { .. } => None,
             })
+            .map(|pre| {
+                let nonce = if pre.proof.is_some() {
+                    pre.pre_state.account.nonce.private_account_nonce_increment(
+                        pre.nsk.as_ref().expect("update variant must have nsk"),
+                    )
+                } else {
+                    lee_core::account::Nonce::private_account_nonce_init(&pre.pre_state.account_id)
+                };
+                let esk = lee_core::EphemeralSecretKey::new(
+                    &pre.pre_state.account_id,
+                    &pre.random_seed,
+                    &nonce,
+                );
+                PrivateAccountKeys {
+                    ssk: SharedSecretKey::encapsulate_deterministic(&pre.vpk, &esk).0,
+                }
+            })
             .collect()
     }
 
@@ -344,19 +421,18 @@ impl AccountManager {
                 State::Public { .. } | State::PublicKeycard { .. } => InputAccountIdentity::Public,
                 State::Private(pre) if pre.is_pda => match (pre.nsk, pre.proof.clone()) {
                     (Some(nsk), Some(membership_proof)) => InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaUpdate {
-                        epk: pre.epk.clone(),
-                        view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&pre.npk, &pre.vpk),
-                        ssk: pre.ssk,
+                        vpk: pre.vpk.clone(),
+                        random_seed: pre.random_seed,
+                        view_tag: random_view_tag(),
                         nsk,
                         membership_proof,
                         identifier: pre.identifier,
                         seed: None,
                     },
                     _ => InputAccountIdentity::PrivatePdaInit {
-                        epk: pre.epk.clone(),
-                        view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&pre.npk, &pre.vpk),
+                        vpk: pre.vpk.clone(),
+                        random_seed: pre.random_seed,
                         npk: pre.npk,
-                        ssk: pre.ssk,
                         identifier: pre.identifier,
                         commitment_root: self.dummy_commitment_root,
                         seed: None,
@@ -365,27 +441,25 @@ impl AccountManager {
                 State::Private(pre) => match (pre.nsk, pre.proof.clone()) {
                     (Some(nsk), Some(membership_proof)) => {
                         InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedUpdate {
-                            epk: pre.epk.clone(),
-                            view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&pre.npk, &pre.vpk),
-                            ssk: pre.ssk,
+                            vpk: pre.vpk.clone(),
+                            random_seed: pre.random_seed,
+                            view_tag: random_view_tag(),
                             nsk,
                             membership_proof,
                             identifier: pre.identifier,
                         }
                     }
                     (Some(nsk), None) => InputAccountIdentity::PrivateAuthorizedInit {
-                        epk: pre.epk.clone(),
-                        view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&pre.npk, &pre.vpk),
-                        ssk: pre.ssk,
+                        vpk: pre.vpk.clone(),
+                        random_seed: pre.random_seed,
                         nsk,
                         identifier: pre.identifier,
                         commitment_root: self.dummy_commitment_root,
                     },
                     (None, _) => InputAccountIdentity::PrivateUnauthorized {
-                        epk: pre.epk.clone(),
-                        view_tag: EncryptedAccountData::compute_view_tag(&pre.npk, &pre.vpk),
+                        vpk: pre.vpk.clone(),
+                        random_seed: pre.random_seed,
                         npk: pre.npk,
-                        ssk: pre.ssk,
                         identifier: pre.identifier,
                         commitment_root: self.dummy_commitment_root,
                     },
@@ -462,49 +536,12 @@ struct AccountPreparedData {
     vpk: ViewingPublicKey,
     pre_state: AccountWithMetadata,
     proof: Option<MembershipProof>,
-    /// Cached shared-secret key derived once at `AccountManager::new`. Reused for both the
-    /// circuit input variant (`account_identities()`) and the message ephemeral-key tuples
-    /// (`private_account_keys()`), so all consumers see the same key. The corresponding
-    /// `EphemeralKeyHolder` uses `OsRng` and would produce a different value on a second call.
-    ssk: SharedSecretKey,
-    /// Cached ephemeral public key, paired with `ssk`.
-    epk: EphemeralPublicKey,
+    random_seed: [u8; 32],
     /// True when this account is a private PDA (owned or foreign). Used by `account_identities()`
     /// to select `PrivatePdaInit`/`PrivatePdaUpdate` rather than the standalone private variants.
     is_pda: bool,
 }
 
-async fn prepare_public_state(
-    wallet: &WalletCore,
-    account_id: AccountId,
-    lookup_signing_key: bool,
-) -> Result<State, ExecutionFailureKind> {
-    let acc = wallet
-        .get_account_public(account_id)
-        .await
-        .map_err(ExecutionFailureKind::SequencerError)?;
-    let sk = if lookup_signing_key {
-        wallet.get_account_public_signing_key(account_id).cloned()
-    } else {
-        None
-    };
-    let account = AccountWithMetadata::new(acc, sk.is_some(), account_id);
-    Ok(State::Public { account, sk })
-}
-
-async fn prepare_public_keycard_state(
-    wallet: &WalletCore,
-    account_id: AccountId,
-    key_path: String,
-) -> Result<State, ExecutionFailureKind> {
-    let acc = wallet
-        .get_account_public(account_id)
-        .await
-        .map_err(ExecutionFailureKind::SequencerError)?;
-    let account = AccountWithMetadata::new(acc, true, account_id);
-    Ok(State::PublicKeycard { account, key_path })
-}
-
 async fn private_key_tree_acc_preparation(
     wallet: &WalletCore,
     account_id: AccountId,
@@ -530,9 +567,8 @@ async fn private_key_tree_acc_preparation(
     // support from that in the wallet.
     let sender_pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(from_acc.account.clone(), true, account_id);
 
-    let eph_holder = EphemeralKeyHolder::new(&from_vpk);
-    let ssk = eph_holder.calculate_shared_secret_sender();
-    let epk = eph_holder.ephemeral_public_key().clone();
+    let mut random_seed: [u8; 32] = [0; 32];
+    OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut random_seed);
 
     Ok(AccountPreparedData {
         nsk: Some(nsk),
@@ -541,8 +577,7 @@ async fn private_key_tree_acc_preparation(
         vpk: from_vpk,
         pre_state: sender_pre,
         proof,
-        ssk,
-        epk,
+        random_seed,
         is_pda,
     })
 }
@@ -570,9 +605,8 @@ async fn private_shared_acc_preparation(
         .await
         .unwrap_or(None);
 
-    let eph_holder = EphemeralKeyHolder::new(&vpk);
-    let ssk = eph_holder.calculate_shared_secret_sender();
-    let epk = eph_holder.ephemeral_public_key().clone();
+    let mut random_seed: [u8; 32] = [0; 32];
+    OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut random_seed);
 
     Ok(AccountPreparedData {
         nsk: Some(nsk),
@@ -581,59 +615,16 @@ async fn private_shared_acc_preparation(
         vpk,
         pre_state,
         proof,
-        ssk,
-        epk,
+        random_seed,
         is_pda,
     })
 }
 
-fn private_foreign_acc_preparation(
-    npk: NullifierPublicKey,
-    vpk: ViewingPublicKey,
-    identifier: Identifier,
-) -> AccountPreparedData {
-    let acc = lee_core::account::Account::default();
-    let pre_state = AccountWithMetadata::new(acc, false, (&npk, identifier));
-    let eph_holder = EphemeralKeyHolder::new(&vpk);
-    let ssk = eph_holder.calculate_shared_secret_sender();
-    let epk = eph_holder.ephemeral_public_key().clone();
-
-    AccountPreparedData {
-        nsk: None,
-        npk,
-        identifier,
-        vpk,
-        pre_state,
-        proof: None,
-        ssk,
-        epk,
-        is_pda: false,
-    }
-}
-
-fn private_pda_foreign_acc_preparation(
-    account_id: AccountId,
-    npk: NullifierPublicKey,
-    vpk: ViewingPublicKey,
-    identifier: Identifier,
-) -> AccountPreparedData {
-    let acc = lee_core::account::Account::default();
-    let pre_state = AccountWithMetadata::new(acc, false, account_id);
-    let eph_holder = EphemeralKeyHolder::new(&vpk);
-    let ssk = eph_holder.calculate_shared_secret_sender();
-    let epk = eph_holder.ephemeral_public_key().clone();
-
-    AccountPreparedData {
-        nsk: None,
-        npk,
-        identifier,
-        vpk,
-        pre_state,
-        proof: None,
-        ssk,
-        epk,
-        is_pda: true,
-    }
+/// Generate random byte using OS randomness.
+fn random_view_tag() -> ViewTag {
+    let mut byte: [u8; 1] = [0; 1];
+    OsRng.fill_bytes(&mut byte);
+    byte[0]
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

lez/wallet/src/cli/account.rs

@@ -581,8 +581,11 @@ impl WalletSubcommand for ImportSubcommand {
                 let key_chain: KeyChain = serde_json::from_str(&key_chain_json)
                     .map_err(|err| anyhow::anyhow!("Invalid key chain JSON: {err}"))?;
                 let account = lee::Account::from(account_state);
-                let account_id =
-                    lee::AccountId::from((&key_chain.nullifier_public_key, identifier));
+                let account_id = lee::AccountId::from((
+                    &key_chain.nullifier_public_key,
+                    &key_chain.viewing_public_key,
+                    identifier,
+                ));
 
                 wallet_core
                     .storage_mut()

lez/wallet/src/lib.rs

@@ -369,7 +369,7 @@ impl WalletCore {
         let keys = holder.derive_keys_for_pda(&program_id, &pda_seed);
         let npk = keys.generate_nullifier_public_key();
         let vpk = keys.generate_viewing_public_key();
-        let account_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &pda_seed, &npk, identifier);
+        let account_id = AccountId::for_private_pda(&program_id, &pda_seed, &npk, &vpk, identifier);
 
         self.register_shared_account(
             account_id,
@@ -403,7 +403,7 @@ impl WalletCore {
         let keys = holder.derive_regular_shared_account_keys_from_identifier(identifier);
         let npk = keys.generate_nullifier_public_key();
         let vpk = keys.generate_viewing_public_key();
-        let account_id = AccountId::from((&npk, identifier));
+        let account_id = AccountId::from((&npk, &vpk, identifier));
 
         self.register_shared_account(account_id, group_name, identifier, None, None);
 
@@ -803,7 +803,11 @@ impl WalletCore {
                         )
                         .map(|(kind, res_acc)| {
                             let npk = &key_chain.nullifier_public_key;
-                            let account_id = lee::AccountId::for_private_account(npk, &kind);
+                            let account_id = lee::AccountId::for_private_account(
+                                npk,
+                                &key_chain.viewing_public_key,
+                                &kind,
+                            );
                             let nsk = key_chain.private_key_holder.nullifier_secret_key;
                             (account_id, kind, res_acc, nsk)
                         })

lez/wallet/src/storage/key_chain.rs

@@ -212,7 +212,8 @@ impl UserKeyChain {
             .1
             .first_key_value()
             .expect("Newly created key chain node must have at least one account");
-        let account_id = AccountId::for_private_account(&npk, kind);
+        let account_id =
+            AccountId::for_private_account(&npk, &node.value.0.viewing_public_key, kind);
         (account_id, chain_index)
     }
 
@@ -248,8 +249,11 @@ impl UserKeyChain {
     #[must_use]
     pub fn private_account(&self, account_id: AccountId) -> Option<FoundPrivateAccount<'_>> {
         self.private_accounts().find_map(|found| {
-            let expected_id =
-                AccountId::for_private_account(&found.key_chain.nullifier_public_key, found.kind);
+            let expected_id = AccountId::for_private_account(
+                &found.key_chain.nullifier_public_key,
+                &found.key_chain.viewing_public_key,
+                found.kind,
+            );
             (expected_id == account_id).then_some(found)
         })
     }
@@ -305,8 +309,11 @@ impl UserKeyChain {
             .iter()
             .flat_map(|(key, data)| {
                 data.accounts.keys().map(|kind| {
-                    let account_id =
-                        AccountId::for_private_account(&key.key_chain.nullifier_public_key, kind);
+                    let account_id = AccountId::for_private_account(
+                        &key.key_chain.nullifier_public_key,
+                        &key.key_chain.viewing_public_key,
+                        kind,
+                    );
                     (account_id, &key.key_chain, key.chain_index.as_ref())
                 })
             })
@@ -346,8 +353,11 @@ impl UserKeyChain {
         // For each (regular) found account the user owns, compute its nullifier and put
         // into the map. This is the next nullifier it will look for.
         for found in self.private_accounts() {
-            let account_id =
-                AccountId::for_private_account(&found.key_chain.nullifier_public_key, found.kind);
+            let account_id = AccountId::for_private_account(
+                &found.key_chain.nullifier_public_key,
+                &found.key_chain.viewing_public_key,
+                found.kind,
+            );
             let nsk = found.key_chain.private_key_holder.nullifier_secret_key;
             index.track(account_id, found.account, &nsk);
         }
@@ -496,8 +506,11 @@ impl UserKeyChain {
         // Then try to update imported account
         for (key, data) in &mut self.imported_private_accounts {
             for (kind, imported_account) in &mut data.accounts {
-                let expected_id =
-                    AccountId::for_private_account(&key.key_chain.nullifier_public_key, kind);
+                let expected_id = AccountId::for_private_account(
+                    &key.key_chain.nullifier_public_key,
+                    &key.key_chain.viewing_public_key,
+                    kind,
+                );
                 if expected_id == account_id {
                     debug!("Updating imported private account {account_id}");
                     *imported_account = account;
@@ -534,8 +547,11 @@ impl UserKeyChain {
 
         // Node not yet in account_id_map — find it by checking all nodes
         for (ci, node) in &mut self.private_key_tree.key_map {
-            let expected_id =
-                lee::AccountId::for_private_account(&node.value.0.nullifier_public_key, &kind);
+            let expected_id = lee::AccountId::for_private_account(
+                &node.value.0.nullifier_public_key,
+                &node.value.0.viewing_public_key,
+                &kind,
+            );
             if expected_id == account_id {
                 match node.value.1.entry(kind) {
                     Entry::Occupied(mut occupied) => {
@@ -585,8 +601,11 @@ impl UserKeyChain {
             .iter()
             .flat_map(|(key, data)| {
                 data.accounts.keys().map(|kind| {
-                    let account_id =
-                        AccountId::for_private_account(&key.key_chain.nullifier_public_key, kind);
+                    let account_id = AccountId::for_private_account(
+                        &key.key_chain.nullifier_public_key,
+                        &key.key_chain.viewing_public_key,
+                        kind,
+                    );
                     (account_id, key.chain_index.as_ref())
                 })
             })
@@ -851,6 +870,7 @@ mod tests {
         let identifier = 0;
         let account_id = AccountId::for_private_account(
             &key_chain.nullifier_public_key,
+            &key_chain.viewing_public_key,
             &PrivateAccountKind::Regular(identifier),
         );
 
@@ -913,7 +933,7 @@ mod tests {
         let npk = keys.generate_nullifier_public_key();
         let vpk = keys.generate_viewing_public_key();
         let nsk = keys.nullifier_secret_key;
-        let account_id = AccountId::from((&npk, identifier));
+        let account_id = AccountId::from((&npk, &vpk, identifier));
 
         kc.insert_group_key_holder(label.clone(), holder);
         let old_account = Account::default();
@@ -975,6 +995,7 @@ mod tests {
         let identifier = 0;
         let account_id = AccountId::for_private_account(
             &key_chain.nullifier_public_key,
+            &key_chain.viewing_public_key,
             &PrivateAccountKind::Regular(identifier),
         );
         let account = Account::default();
@@ -1032,7 +1053,11 @@ mod tests {
         let mut user_data = UserKeyChain::default();
 
         let key_chain = KeyChain::new_os_random();
-        let account_id = AccountId::from((&key_chain.nullifier_public_key, 0));
+        let account_id = AccountId::from((
+            &key_chain.nullifier_public_key,
+            &key_chain.viewing_public_key,
+            0,
+        ));
         let account = lee_core::account::Account::default();
 
         user_data.add_imported_private_account(key_chain, None, 0, account);
@@ -1047,7 +1072,11 @@ mod tests {
         let mut user_data = UserKeyChain::default();
 
         let key_chain = KeyChain::new_os_random();
-        let account_id = AccountId::from((&key_chain.nullifier_public_key, 0));
+        let account_id = AccountId::from((
+            &key_chain.nullifier_public_key,
+            &key_chain.viewing_public_key,
+            0,
+        ));
         let account = lee_core::account::Account::default();
 
         user_data.add_imported_private_account(key_chain, None, 0, account.clone());
@@ -1092,7 +1121,11 @@ mod tests {
         let mut user_data = UserKeyChain::default();
 
         let key_chain = KeyChain::new_os_random();
-        let account_id = AccountId::from((&key_chain.nullifier_public_key, 0));
+        let account_id = AccountId::from((
+            &key_chain.nullifier_public_key,
+            &key_chain.viewing_public_key,
+            0,
+        ));
 
         let new_account = lee_core::account::Account {
             balance: 100,
@@ -1113,7 +1146,11 @@ mod tests {
         let mut user_data = UserKeyChain::default();
 
         let key_chain = KeyChain::new_os_random();
-        let account_id1 = AccountId::from((&key_chain.nullifier_public_key, 0));
+        let account_id1 = AccountId::from((
+            &key_chain.nullifier_public_key,
+            &key_chain.viewing_public_key,
+            0,
+        ));
         let account = lee_core::account::Account::default();
         user_data.add_imported_private_account(key_chain, None, 0, account);
 

test_fixtures/src/config.rs

@@ -23,7 +23,11 @@ pub struct InitialPrivateAccountForWallet {
 impl InitialPrivateAccountForWallet {
     #[must_use]
     pub fn account_id(&self) -> AccountId {
-        AccountId::from((&self.key_chain.nullifier_public_key, self.identifier))
+        AccountId::from((
+            &self.key_chain.nullifier_public_key,
+            &self.key_chain.viewing_public_key,
+            self.identifier,
+        ))
     }
 }
 

tools/crypto_primitives_bench/Cargo.toml

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ workspace = true
 [dev-dependencies]
 key_protocol.workspace = true
 lee_core = { workspace = true, features = ["host"] }
-rand = { workspace = true }
 criterion.workspace = true
 
 [[bench]]

tools/crypto_primitives_bench/benches/primitives.rs

@@ -48,7 +48,8 @@ fn bench_encryption(c: &mut Criterion) {
     let recipient_kc = KeyChain::new_os_random();
     let npk = recipient_kc.nullifier_public_key;
     let account = Account::default();
-    let account_id = AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, 0);
+    let account_id =
+        AccountId::for_regular_private_account(&npk, &recipient_kc.viewing_public_key, 0);
     let commitment = Commitment::new(&account_id, &account);
     let (shared, _epk) = SharedSecretKey::encapsulate(&recipient_kc.viewing_public_key);
     let kind = PrivateAccountKind::Regular(0_u128);