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diff --git a/artifacts/test_program_methods/validity_window.bin b/artifacts/test_program_methods/validity_window.bin
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diff --git a/bedrock_client/src/lib.rs b/bedrock_client/src/lib.rs
index fdd14f72..4e9bfffd 100644
--- a/bedrock_client/src/lib.rs
+++ b/bedrock_client/src/lib.rs
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ impl BedrockClient {
         info!("Creating Bedrock client with node URL {node_url}");
         let client = Client::builder()
                 //Add more fields if needed
-                .timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(60))
+                .timeout(std::time::Duration::from_mins(1))
                 .build()
                 .context("Failed to build HTTP client")?;
 
diff --git a/common/src/sequencer_client.rs b/common/src/sequencer_client.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..b75bbe04
--- /dev/null
+++ b/common/src/sequencer_client.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,361 @@
+use std::{collections::HashMap, ops::RangeInclusive};
+
+use anyhow::Result;
+use nssa::AccountId;
+use nssa_core::program::ProgramId;
+use reqwest::Client;
+use serde::Deserialize;
+use serde_json::Value;
+use url::Url;
+
+use super::rpc_primitives::requests::{
+    GetAccountBalanceRequest, GetAccountBalanceResponse, GetBlockDataRequest, GetBlockDataResponse,
+    GetGenesisIdRequest, GetGenesisIdResponse, GetInitialTestnetAccountsRequest,
+};
+use crate::{
+    HashType,
+    config::BasicAuth,
+    error::{SequencerClientError, SequencerRpcError},
+    rpc_primitives::{
+        self,
+        requests::{
+            GetAccountRequest, GetAccountResponse, GetAccountsNoncesRequest,
+            GetAccountsNoncesResponse, GetBlockRangeDataRequest, GetBlockRangeDataResponse,
+            GetInitialTestnetAccountsResponse, GetLastBlockRequest, GetLastBlockResponse,
+            GetProgramIdsRequest, GetProgramIdsResponse, GetProofForCommitmentRequest,
+            GetProofForCommitmentResponse, GetTransactionByHashRequest,
+            GetTransactionByHashResponse, SendTxRequest, SendTxResponse,
+        },
+    },
+    transaction::NSSATransaction,
+};
+
+#[derive(Debug, Clone, Deserialize)]
+struct SequencerRpcResponse {
+    #[serde(rename = "jsonrpc")]
+    _jsonrpc: String,
+    result: serde_json::Value,
+    #[serde(rename = "id")]
+    _id: u64,
+}
+
+#[derive(Clone)]
+pub struct SequencerClient {
+    pub client: reqwest::Client,
+    pub sequencer_addr: Url,
+    pub basic_auth: Option<BasicAuth>,
+}
+
+impl SequencerClient {
+    pub fn new(sequencer_addr: Url) -> Result<Self> {
+        Self::new_with_auth(sequencer_addr, None)
+    }
+
+    pub fn new_with_auth(sequencer_addr: Url, basic_auth: Option<BasicAuth>) -> Result<Self> {
+        Ok(Self {
+            client: Client::builder()
+                // Add more fields if needed
+                .timeout(std::time::Duration::from_mins(1))
+                // Should be kept in sync with server keep-alive settings
+                .pool_idle_timeout(std::time::Duration::from_secs(5))
+                .build()?,
+            sequencer_addr,
+            basic_auth,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub async fn call_method_with_payload(
+        &self,
+        method: &str,
+        payload: Value,
+    ) -> Result<Value, SequencerClientError> {
+        let request =
+            rpc_primitives::message::Request::from_payload_version_2_0(method.to_owned(), payload);
+
+        log::debug!(
+            "Calling method {method} with payload {request:?} to sequencer at {}",
+            self.sequencer_addr
+        );
+
+        let strategy = tokio_retry::strategy::FixedInterval::from_millis(10000).take(60);
+
+        let response_vall = tokio_retry::Retry::spawn(strategy, || async {
+            let mut call_builder = self.client.post(self.sequencer_addr.clone());
+
+            if let Some(BasicAuth { username, password }) = &self.basic_auth {
+                call_builder = call_builder.basic_auth(username, password.as_deref());
+            }
+
+            let call_res_res = call_builder.json(&request).send().await;
+
+            match call_res_res {
+                Err(err) => Err(err),
+                Ok(call_res) => call_res.json::<Value>().await,
+            }
+        })
+        .await?;
+
+        if let Ok(response) = serde_json::from_value::<SequencerRpcResponse>(response_vall.clone())
+        {
+            Ok(response.result)
+        } else {
+            let err_resp = serde_json::from_value::<SequencerRpcError>(response_vall)?;
+
+            Err(err_resp.into())
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Get block data at `block_id` from sequencer.
+    pub async fn get_block(
+        &self,
+        block_id: u64,
+    ) -> Result<GetBlockDataResponse, SequencerClientError> {
+        let block_req = GetBlockDataRequest { block_id };
+
+        let req = serde_json::to_value(block_req)?;
+
+        let resp = self.call_method_with_payload("get_block", req).await?;
+
+        let resp_deser = serde_json::from_value(resp)?;
+
+        Ok(resp_deser)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_block_range(
+        &self,
+        range: RangeInclusive<u64>,
+    ) -> Result<GetBlockRangeDataResponse, SequencerClientError> {
+        let block_req = GetBlockRangeDataRequest {
+            start_block_id: *range.start(),
+            end_block_id: *range.end(),
+        };
+
+        let req = serde_json::to_value(block_req)?;
+
+        let resp = self
+            .call_method_with_payload("get_block_range", req)
+            .await?;
+
+        let resp_deser = serde_json::from_value(resp)?;
+
+        Ok(resp_deser)
+    }
+
+    /// Get last known `blokc_id` from sequencer.
+    pub async fn get_last_block(&self) -> Result<GetLastBlockResponse, SequencerClientError> {
+        let block_req = GetLastBlockRequest {};
+
+        let req = serde_json::to_value(block_req)?;
+
+        let resp = self.call_method_with_payload("get_last_block", req).await?;
+
+        let resp_deser = serde_json::from_value(resp)?;
+
+        Ok(resp_deser)
+    }
+
+    /// Get account public balance for `account_id`. `account_id` must be a valid hex-string for 32
+    /// bytes.
+    pub async fn get_account_balance(
+        &self,
+        account_id: AccountId,
+    ) -> Result<GetAccountBalanceResponse, SequencerClientError> {
+        let block_req = GetAccountBalanceRequest { account_id };
+
+        let req = serde_json::to_value(block_req)?;
+
+        let resp = self
+            .call_method_with_payload("get_account_balance", req)
+            .await?;
+
+        let resp_deser = serde_json::from_value(resp)?;
+
+        Ok(resp_deser)
+    }
+
+    /// Get accounts nonces for `account_ids`. `account_ids` must be a list of valid hex-strings for
+    /// 32 bytes.
+    pub async fn get_accounts_nonces(
+        &self,
+        account_ids: Vec<AccountId>,
+    ) -> Result<GetAccountsNoncesResponse, SequencerClientError> {
+        let block_req = GetAccountsNoncesRequest { account_ids };
+
+        let req = serde_json::to_value(block_req)?;
+
+        let resp = self
+            .call_method_with_payload("get_accounts_nonces", req)
+            .await?;
+
+        let resp_deser = serde_json::from_value(resp)?;
+
+        Ok(resp_deser)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn get_account(
+        &self,
+        account_id: AccountId,
+    ) -> Result<GetAccountResponse, SequencerClientError> {
+        let block_req = GetAccountRequest { account_id };
+
+        let req = serde_json::to_value(block_req)?;
+
+        let resp = self.call_method_with_payload("get_account", req).await?;
+
+        let resp_deser = serde_json::from_value(resp)?;
+
+        Ok(resp_deser)
+    }
+
+    /// Get transaction details for `hash`.
+    pub async fn get_transaction_by_hash(
+        &self,
+        hash: HashType,
+    ) -> Result<GetTransactionByHashResponse, SequencerClientError> {
+        let block_req = GetTransactionByHashRequest { hash };
+
+        let req = serde_json::to_value(block_req)?;
+
+        let resp = self
+            .call_method_with_payload("get_transaction_by_hash", req)
+            .await?;
+
+        let resp_deser = serde_json::from_value(resp)?;
+
+        Ok(resp_deser)
+    }
+
+    /// Send transaction to sequencer.
+    pub async fn send_tx_public(
+        &self,
+        transaction: nssa::PublicTransaction,
+    ) -> Result<SendTxResponse, SequencerClientError> {
+        let transaction = NSSATransaction::Public(transaction);
+
+        let tx_req = SendTxRequest {
+            transaction: borsh::to_vec(&transaction).unwrap(),
+        };
+
+        let req = serde_json::to_value(tx_req)?;
+
+        let resp = self.call_method_with_payload("send_tx", req).await?;
+
+        let resp_deser = serde_json::from_value(resp)?;
+
+        Ok(resp_deser)
+    }
+
+    /// Send transaction to sequencer.
+    pub async fn send_tx_private(
+        &self,
+        transaction: nssa::PrivacyPreservingTransaction,
+    ) -> Result<SendTxResponse, SequencerClientError> {
+        let transaction = NSSATransaction::PrivacyPreserving(transaction);
+
+        let tx_req = SendTxRequest {
+            transaction: borsh::to_vec(&transaction).unwrap(),
+        };
+
+        let req = serde_json::to_value(tx_req)?;
+
+        let resp = self.call_method_with_payload("send_tx", req).await?;
+
+        let resp_deser = serde_json::from_value(resp)?;
+
+        Ok(resp_deser)
+    }
+
+    /// Get genesis id from sequencer.
+    pub async fn get_genesis_id(&self) -> Result<GetGenesisIdResponse, SequencerClientError> {
+        let genesis_req = GetGenesisIdRequest {};
+
+        let req = serde_json::to_value(genesis_req).unwrap();
+
+        let resp = self
+            .call_method_with_payload("get_genesis", req)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let resp_deser = serde_json::from_value(resp).unwrap();
+
+        Ok(resp_deser)
+    }
+
+    /// Get initial testnet accounts from sequencer.
+    pub async fn get_initial_testnet_accounts(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Result<Vec<GetInitialTestnetAccountsResponse>, SequencerClientError> {
+        let acc_req = GetInitialTestnetAccountsRequest {};
+
+        let req = serde_json::to_value(acc_req).unwrap();
+
+        let resp = self
+            .call_method_with_payload("get_initial_testnet_accounts", req)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let resp_deser = serde_json::from_value(resp).unwrap();
+
+        Ok(resp_deser)
+    }
+
+    /// Get proof for commitment.
+    pub async fn get_proof_for_commitment(
+        &self,
+        commitment: nssa_core::Commitment,
+    ) -> Result<Option<nssa_core::MembershipProof>, SequencerClientError> {
+        let acc_req = GetProofForCommitmentRequest { commitment };
+
+        let req = serde_json::to_value(acc_req).unwrap();
+
+        let resp = self
+            .call_method_with_payload("get_proof_for_commitment", req)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let resp_deser = serde_json::from_value::<GetProofForCommitmentResponse>(resp)
+            .unwrap()
+            .membership_proof;
+
+        Ok(resp_deser)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn send_tx_program(
+        &self,
+        transaction: nssa::ProgramDeploymentTransaction,
+    ) -> Result<SendTxResponse, SequencerClientError> {
+        let transaction = NSSATransaction::ProgramDeployment(transaction);
+
+        let tx_req = SendTxRequest {
+            transaction: borsh::to_vec(&transaction).unwrap(),
+        };
+
+        let req = serde_json::to_value(tx_req)?;
+
+        let resp = self.call_method_with_payload("send_tx", req).await?;
+
+        let resp_deser = serde_json::from_value(resp)?;
+
+        Ok(resp_deser)
+    }
+
+    /// Get Ids of the programs used by the node.
+    pub async fn get_program_ids(
+        &self,
+    ) -> Result<HashMap<String, ProgramId>, SequencerClientError> {
+        let acc_req = GetProgramIdsRequest {};
+
+        let req = serde_json::to_value(acc_req).unwrap();
+
+        let resp = self
+            .call_method_with_payload("get_program_ids", req)
+            .await
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let resp_deser = serde_json::from_value::<GetProgramIdsResponse>(resp)
+            .unwrap()
+            .program_ids;
+
+        Ok(resp_deser)
+    }
+}
diff --git a/common/src/transaction.rs b/common/src/transaction.rs
index 9563251a..1862dcc8 100644
--- a/common/src/transaction.rs
+++ b/common/src/transaction.rs
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ use log::warn;
 use nssa::{AccountId, V03State};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
-use crate::HashType;
+use crate::{HashType, block::BlockId};
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)]
 pub enum NSSATransaction {
@@ -68,10 +68,13 @@ impl NSSATransaction {
     pub fn execute_check_on_state(
         self,
         state: &mut V03State,
+        block_id: BlockId,
     ) -> Result<Self, nssa::error::NssaError> {
         match &self {
-            Self::Public(tx) => state.transition_from_public_transaction(tx),
-            Self::PrivacyPreserving(tx) => state.transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(tx),
+            Self::Public(tx) => state.transition_from_public_transaction(tx, block_id),
+            Self::PrivacyPreserving(tx) => {
+                state.transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(tx, block_id)
+            }
             Self::ProgramDeployment(tx) => state.transition_from_program_deployment_transaction(tx),
         }
         .inspect_err(|err| warn!("Error at transition {err:#?}"))?;
diff --git a/explorer_service/src/pages/transaction_page.rs b/explorer_service/src/pages/transaction_page.rs
index c0fc0296..b549b1f8 100644
--- a/explorer_service/src/pages/transaction_page.rs
+++ b/explorer_service/src/pages/transaction_page.rs
@@ -177,11 +177,18 @@ pub fn TransactionPage() -> impl IntoView {
                                         encrypted_private_post_states,
                                         new_commitments,
                                         new_nullifiers,
+                                        validity_window
                                     } = message;
                                     let WitnessSet {
                                         signatures_and_public_keys: _,
                                         proof,
                                     } = witness_set;
+                                    let validity_window_formatted = match validity_window.0 {
+                                        (Some(start), Some(end)) => format!("from {start} to {end}"),
+                                        (Some(start), None) => format!("from {start}"),
+                                        (None, Some(end)) => format!("until {end}"),
+                                        (None, None) => "unbounded".to_owned(),
+                                    };
 
                                     let proof_len = proof.map_or(0, |p| p.0.len());
                                     view! {
@@ -212,6 +219,10 @@ pub fn TransactionPage() -> impl IntoView {
                                                     <span class="info-label">"Proof Size:"</span>
                                                     <span class="info-value">{format!("{proof_len} bytes")}</span>
                                                 </div>
+                                                <div class="info-row">
+                                                    <span class="info-label">"Validity Window:"</span>
+                                                    <span class="info-value">{validity_window_formatted}</span>
+                                                </div>
                                             </div>
 
                                             <h3>"Public Accounts"</h3>
diff --git a/indexer/core/src/block_store.rs b/indexer/core/src/block_store.rs
index f3722b17..e4534f76 100644
--- a/indexer/core/src/block_store.rs
+++ b/indexer/core/src/block_store.rs
@@ -125,7 +125,7 @@ impl IndexerStore {
                 transaction
                     .clone()
                     .transaction_stateless_check()?
-                    .execute_check_on_state(&mut state_guard)?;
+                    .execute_check_on_state(&mut state_guard, block.header.block_id)?;
             }
         }
 
diff --git a/indexer/service/protocol/src/convert.rs b/indexer/service/protocol/src/convert.rs
index 6114620f..ec85d7fb 100644
--- a/indexer/service/protocol/src/convert.rs
+++ b/indexer/service/protocol/src/convert.rs
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ use crate::{
     CommitmentSetDigest, Data, EncryptedAccountData, EphemeralPublicKey, HashType, MantleMsgId,
     Nullifier, PrivacyPreservingMessage, PrivacyPreservingTransaction, ProgramDeploymentMessage,
     ProgramDeploymentTransaction, ProgramId, Proof, PublicKey, PublicMessage, PublicTransaction,
-    Signature, Transaction, WitnessSet,
+    Signature, Transaction, ValidityWindow, WitnessSet,
 };
 
 // ============================================================================
@@ -287,6 +287,7 @@ impl From<nssa::privacy_preserving_transaction::message::Message> for PrivacyPre
             encrypted_private_post_states,
             new_commitments,
             new_nullifiers,
+            validity_window,
         } = value;
         Self {
             public_account_ids: public_account_ids.into_iter().map(Into::into).collect(),
@@ -301,12 +302,13 @@ impl From<nssa::privacy_preserving_transaction::message::Message> for PrivacyPre
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(|(n, d)| (n.into(), d.into()))
                 .collect(),
+            validity_window: ValidityWindow((validity_window.from(), validity_window.to())),
         }
     }
 }
 
 impl TryFrom<PrivacyPreservingMessage> for nssa::privacy_preserving_transaction::message::Message {
-    type Error = nssa_core::account::data::DataTooBigError;
+    type Error = nssa::error::NssaError;
 
     fn try_from(value: PrivacyPreservingMessage) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
         let PrivacyPreservingMessage {
@@ -316,6 +318,7 @@ impl TryFrom<PrivacyPreservingMessage> for nssa::privacy_preserving_transaction:
             encrypted_private_post_states,
             new_commitments,
             new_nullifiers,
+            validity_window,
         } = value;
         Ok(Self {
             public_account_ids: public_account_ids.into_iter().map(Into::into).collect(),
@@ -326,7 +329,8 @@ impl TryFrom<PrivacyPreservingMessage> for nssa::privacy_preserving_transaction:
             public_post_states: public_post_states
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(TryInto::try_into)
-                .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?,
+                .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()
+                .map_err(|e| nssa::error::NssaError::InvalidInput(format!("{e}")))?,
             encrypted_private_post_states: encrypted_private_post_states
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(Into::into)
@@ -336,6 +340,10 @@ impl TryFrom<PrivacyPreservingMessage> for nssa::privacy_preserving_transaction:
                 .into_iter()
                 .map(|(n, d)| (n.into(), d.into()))
                 .collect(),
+            validity_window: validity_window
+                .0
+                .try_into()
+                .map_err(|e| nssa::error::NssaError::InvalidInput(format!("{e}")))?,
         })
     }
 }
@@ -479,14 +487,7 @@ impl TryFrom<PrivacyPreservingTransaction> for nssa::PrivacyPreservingTransactio
             witness_set,
         } = value;
 
-        Ok(Self::new(
-            message
-                .try_into()
-                .map_err(|err: nssa_core::account::data::DataTooBigError| {
-                    nssa::error::NssaError::InvalidInput(err.to_string())
-                })?,
-            witness_set.try_into()?,
-        ))
+        Ok(Self::new(message.try_into()?, witness_set.try_into()?))
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/indexer/service/protocol/src/lib.rs b/indexer/service/protocol/src/lib.rs
index d61f62a6..a8f6da2c 100644
--- a/indexer/service/protocol/src/lib.rs
+++ b/indexer/service/protocol/src/lib.rs
@@ -235,6 +235,7 @@ pub struct PrivacyPreservingMessage {
     pub encrypted_private_post_states: Vec<EncryptedAccountData>,
     pub new_commitments: Vec<Commitment>,
     pub new_nullifiers: Vec<(Nullifier, CommitmentSetDigest)>,
+    pub validity_window: ValidityWindow,
 }
 
 #[derive(Debug, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize, JsonSchema)]
@@ -300,6 +301,9 @@ pub struct Nullifier(
     pub [u8; 32],
 );
 
+#[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize, JsonSchema)]
+pub struct ValidityWindow(pub (Option<BlockId>, Option<BlockId>));
+
 #[derive(Debug, Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Eq, Hash, Serialize, Deserialize, JsonSchema)]
 pub struct CommitmentSetDigest(
     #[serde(with = "base64::arr")]
diff --git a/indexer/service/src/mock_service.rs b/indexer/service/src/mock_service.rs
index eb6f11f7..c5891b41 100644
--- a/indexer/service/src/mock_service.rs
+++ b/indexer/service/src/mock_service.rs
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use indexer_service_protocol::{
     CommitmentSetDigest, Data, EncryptedAccountData, HashType, MantleMsgId,
     PrivacyPreservingMessage, PrivacyPreservingTransaction, ProgramDeploymentMessage,
     ProgramDeploymentTransaction, ProgramId, PublicMessage, PublicTransaction, Signature,
-    Transaction, WitnessSet,
+    Transaction, ValidityWindow, WitnessSet,
 };
 use jsonrpsee::{
     core::{SubscriptionResult, async_trait},
@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ impl MockIndexerService {
                                 indexer_service_protocol::Nullifier([tx_idx as u8; 32]),
                                 CommitmentSetDigest([0xff; 32]),
                             )],
+                            validity_window: ValidityWindow((None, None)),
                         },
                         witness_set: WitnessSet {
                             signatures_and_public_keys: vec![],
diff --git a/integration_tests/src/config.rs b/integration_tests/src/config.rs
index 22444458..e7f12fc1 100644
--- a/integration_tests/src/config.rs
+++ b/integration_tests/src/config.rs
@@ -210,7 +210,7 @@ pub fn sequencer_config(
         max_block_size,
         mempool_max_size,
         block_create_timeout,
-        retry_pending_blocks_timeout: Duration::from_secs(120),
+        retry_pending_blocks_timeout: Duration::from_mins(2),
         initial_accounts: initial_data.sequencer_initial_accounts(),
         initial_commitments: initial_data.sequencer_initial_commitments(),
         signing_key: [37; 32],
diff --git a/nssa/core/src/circuit_io.rs b/nssa/core/src/circuit_io.rs
index 56d63022..f9cd9239 100644
--- a/nssa/core/src/circuit_io.rs
+++ b/nssa/core/src/circuit_io.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ use crate::{
     NullifierSecretKey, SharedSecretKey,
     account::{Account, AccountWithMetadata},
     encryption::Ciphertext,
-    program::{ProgramId, ProgramOutput},
+    program::{ProgramId, ProgramOutput, ValidityWindow},
 };
 
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ pub struct PrivacyPreservingCircuitOutput {
     pub ciphertexts: Vec<Ciphertext>,
     pub new_commitments: Vec<Commitment>,
     pub new_nullifiers: Vec<(Nullifier, CommitmentSetDigest)>,
+    pub validity_window: ValidityWindow,
 }
 
 #[cfg(feature = "host")]
@@ -101,6 +102,7 @@ mod tests {
                 ),
                 [0xab; 32],
             )],
+            validity_window: (Some(1), None).try_into().unwrap(),
         };
         let bytes = output.to_bytes();
         let output_from_slice: PrivacyPreservingCircuitOutput = from_slice(&bytes).unwrap();
diff --git a/nssa/core/src/program.rs b/nssa/core/src/program.rs
index 31b76b0f..5cd46432 100644
--- a/nssa/core/src/program.rs
+++ b/nssa/core/src/program.rs
@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 use std::collections::HashSet;
 
+#[cfg(feature = "host")]
+use borsh::{BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize};
 use risc0_zkvm::{DeserializeOwned, guest::env, serde::Deserializer};
 use serde::{Deserialize, Serialize};
 
@@ -151,6 +153,70 @@ impl AccountPostState {
     }
 }
 
+pub type BlockId = u64;
+
+#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone, Copy)]
+#[cfg_attr(
+    any(feature = "host", test),
+    derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq, BorshSerialize, BorshDeserialize)
+)]
+pub struct ValidityWindow {
+    from: Option<BlockId>,
+    to: Option<BlockId>,
+}
+
+impl ValidityWindow {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new_unbounded() -> Self {
+        Self {
+            from: None,
+            to: None,
+        }
+    }
+
+    /// Valid for block IDs in the range [from, to), where `from` is included and `to` is excluded.
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn is_valid_for_block_id(&self, id: BlockId) -> bool {
+        self.from.is_none_or(|start| id >= start) && self.to.is_none_or(|end| id < end)
+    }
+
+    const fn check_window(&self) -> Result<(), InvalidWindow> {
+        if let (Some(from_id), Some(until_id)) = (self.from, self.to)
+            && from_id >= until_id
+        {
+            Err(InvalidWindow)
+        } else {
+            Ok(())
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn from(&self) -> Option<BlockId> {
+        self.from
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn to(&self) -> Option<BlockId> {
+        self.to
+    }
+}
+impl TryFrom<(Option<BlockId>, Option<BlockId>)> for ValidityWindow {
+    type Error = InvalidWindow;
+
+    fn try_from(value: (Option<BlockId>, Option<BlockId>)) -> Result<Self, Self::Error> {
+        let this = Self {
+            from: value.0,
+            to: value.1,
+        };
+        this.check_window()?;
+        Ok(this)
+    }
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, thiserror::Error, Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
+#[error("Invalid window")]
+pub struct InvalidWindow;
+
 #[derive(Serialize, Deserialize, Clone)]
 #[cfg_attr(any(feature = "host", test), derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq))]
 pub struct ProgramOutput {
@@ -158,8 +224,53 @@ pub struct ProgramOutput {
     pub instruction_data: InstructionData,
     /// The account pre states the program received to produce this output.
     pub pre_states: Vec<AccountWithMetadata>,
+    /// The account post states the program execution produced.
     pub post_states: Vec<AccountPostState>,
+    /// The list of chained calls to other programs.
     pub chained_calls: Vec<ChainedCall>,
+    /// The window where the program output is valid.
+    /// Valid for block IDs in the range [from, to), where `from` is included and `to` is excluded.
+    /// `None` means unbounded on that side.
+    pub validity_window: ValidityWindow,
+}
+
+impl ProgramOutput {
+    #[must_use]
+    pub const fn new(
+        instruction_data: InstructionData,
+        pre_states: Vec<AccountWithMetadata>,
+        post_states: Vec<AccountPostState>,
+    ) -> Self {
+        Self {
+            instruction_data,
+            pre_states,
+            post_states,
+            chained_calls: Vec::new(),
+            validity_window: ValidityWindow::new_unbounded(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    pub fn write(self) {
+        env::commit(&self);
+    }
+
+    #[must_use]
+    pub fn with_chained_calls(mut self, chained_calls: Vec<ChainedCall>) -> Self {
+        self.chained_calls = chained_calls;
+        self
+    }
+
+    pub fn valid_from_id(mut self, id: Option<BlockId>) -> Result<Self, InvalidWindow> {
+        self.validity_window.from = id;
+        self.validity_window.check_window()?;
+        Ok(self)
+    }
+
+    pub fn valid_until_id(mut self, id: Option<BlockId>) -> Result<Self, InvalidWindow> {
+        self.validity_window.to = id;
+        self.validity_window.check_window()?;
+        Ok(self)
+    }
 }
 
 /// Representation of a number as `lo + hi * 2^128`.
@@ -224,13 +335,7 @@ pub fn write_nssa_outputs(
     pre_states: Vec<AccountWithMetadata>,
     post_states: Vec<AccountPostState>,
 ) {
-    let output = ProgramOutput {
-        instruction_data,
-        pre_states,
-        post_states,
-        chained_calls: Vec::new(),
-    };
-    env::commit(&output);
+    ProgramOutput::new(instruction_data, pre_states, post_states).write();
 }
 
 pub fn write_nssa_outputs_with_chained_call(
@@ -239,13 +344,9 @@ pub fn write_nssa_outputs_with_chained_call(
     post_states: Vec<AccountPostState>,
     chained_calls: Vec<ChainedCall>,
 ) {
-    let output = ProgramOutput {
-        instruction_data,
-        pre_states,
-        post_states,
-        chained_calls,
-    };
-    env::commit(&output);
+    ProgramOutput::new(instruction_data, pre_states, post_states)
+        .with_chained_calls(chained_calls)
+        .write();
 }
 
 /// Validates well-behaved program execution.
diff --git a/nssa/src/error.rs b/nssa/src/error.rs
index 3576b366..15d4f044 100644
--- a/nssa/src/error.rs
+++ b/nssa/src/error.rs
@@ -69,6 +69,9 @@ pub enum NssaError {
 
     #[error("Max account nonce reached")]
     MaxAccountNonceReached,
+
+    #[error("Execution outside of the validity window")]
+    OutOfValidityWindow,
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]
diff --git a/nssa/src/privacy_preserving_transaction/message.rs b/nssa/src/privacy_preserving_transaction/message.rs
index 02c7a614..755b54f3 100644
--- a/nssa/src/privacy_preserving_transaction/message.rs
+++ b/nssa/src/privacy_preserving_transaction/message.rs
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ use nssa_core::{
     Commitment, CommitmentSetDigest, Nullifier, NullifierPublicKey, PrivacyPreservingCircuitOutput,
     account::{Account, Nonce},
     encryption::{Ciphertext, EphemeralPublicKey, ViewingPublicKey},
+    program::ValidityWindow,
 };
 use sha2::{Digest as _, Sha256};
 
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ pub struct Message {
     pub encrypted_private_post_states: Vec<EncryptedAccountData>,
     pub new_commitments: Vec<Commitment>,
     pub new_nullifiers: Vec<(Nullifier, CommitmentSetDigest)>,
+    pub validity_window: ValidityWindow,
 }
 
 impl std::fmt::Debug for Message {
@@ -77,6 +79,7 @@ impl std::fmt::Debug for Message {
             )
             .field("new_commitments", &self.new_commitments)
             .field("new_nullifiers", &nullifiers)
+            .field("validity_window", &self.validity_window)
             .finish()
     }
 }
@@ -109,6 +112,7 @@ impl Message {
             encrypted_private_post_states,
             new_commitments: output.new_commitments,
             new_nullifiers: output.new_nullifiers,
+            validity_window: output.validity_window,
         })
     }
 }
@@ -161,6 +165,7 @@ pub mod tests {
             encrypted_private_post_states,
             new_commitments,
             new_nullifiers,
+            validity_window: (None, None).try_into().unwrap(),
         }
     }
 
diff --git a/nssa/src/privacy_preserving_transaction/transaction.rs b/nssa/src/privacy_preserving_transaction/transaction.rs
index aafbe0cb..b1c30109 100644
--- a/nssa/src/privacy_preserving_transaction/transaction.rs
+++ b/nssa/src/privacy_preserving_transaction/transaction.rs
@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ use borsh::{BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize};
 use nssa_core::{
     Commitment, CommitmentSetDigest, Nullifier, PrivacyPreservingCircuitOutput,
     account::{Account, AccountWithMetadata},
+    program::{BlockId, ValidityWindow},
 };
 use sha2::{Digest as _, digest::FixedOutput as _};
 
@@ -35,6 +36,7 @@ impl PrivacyPreservingTransaction {
     pub(crate) fn validate_and_produce_public_state_diff(
         &self,
         state: &V03State,
+        block_id: BlockId,
     ) -> Result<HashMap<AccountId, Account>, NssaError> {
         let message = &self.message;
         let witness_set = &self.witness_set;
@@ -91,6 +93,11 @@ impl PrivacyPreservingTransaction {
             }
         }
 
+        // Verify validity window
+        if !message.validity_window.is_valid_for_block_id(block_id) {
+            return Err(NssaError::OutOfValidityWindow);
+        }
+
         // Build pre_states for proof verification
         let public_pre_states: Vec<_> = message
             .public_account_ids
@@ -112,6 +119,7 @@ impl PrivacyPreservingTransaction {
             &message.encrypted_private_post_states,
             &message.new_commitments,
             &message.new_nullifiers,
+            &message.validity_window,
         )?;
 
         // 5. Commitment freshness
@@ -173,6 +181,7 @@ fn check_privacy_preserving_circuit_proof_is_valid(
     encrypted_private_post_states: &[EncryptedAccountData],
     new_commitments: &[Commitment],
     new_nullifiers: &[(Nullifier, CommitmentSetDigest)],
+    validity_window: &ValidityWindow,
 ) -> Result<(), NssaError> {
     let output = PrivacyPreservingCircuitOutput {
         public_pre_states: public_pre_states.to_vec(),
@@ -184,6 +193,7 @@ fn check_privacy_preserving_circuit_proof_is_valid(
             .collect(),
         new_commitments: new_commitments.to_vec(),
         new_nullifiers: new_nullifiers.to_vec(),
+        validity_window: validity_window.to_owned(),
     };
     proof
         .is_valid_for(&output)
diff --git a/nssa/src/program.rs b/nssa/src/program.rs
index 3b372a22..fa5e7b42 100644
--- a/nssa/src/program.rs
+++ b/nssa/src/program.rs
@@ -284,6 +284,14 @@ mod tests {
             // `program_methods`
             Self::new(MODIFIED_TRANSFER_ELF.to_vec()).unwrap()
         }
+
+        #[must_use]
+        pub fn validity_window() -> Self {
+            use test_program_methods::VALIDITY_WINDOW_ELF;
+            // This unwrap won't panic since the `VALIDITY_WINDOW_ELF` comes from risc0 build of
+            // `program_methods`
+            Self::new(VALIDITY_WINDOW_ELF.to_vec()).unwrap()
+        }
     }
 
     #[test]
diff --git a/nssa/src/public_transaction/transaction.rs b/nssa/src/public_transaction/transaction.rs
index 8151f8cf..8aaf039e 100644
--- a/nssa/src/public_transaction/transaction.rs
+++ b/nssa/src/public_transaction/transaction.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use borsh::{BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize};
 use log::debug;
 use nssa_core::{
     account::{Account, AccountId, AccountWithMetadata},
-    program::{ChainedCall, DEFAULT_PROGRAM_ID, validate_execution},
+    program::{BlockId, ChainedCall, DEFAULT_PROGRAM_ID, validate_execution},
 };
 use sha2::{Digest as _, digest::FixedOutput as _};
 
@@ -70,6 +70,7 @@ impl PublicTransaction {
     pub(crate) fn validate_and_produce_public_state_diff(
         &self,
         state: &V03State,
+        block_id: BlockId,
     ) -> Result<HashMap<AccountId, Account>, NssaError> {
         let message = self.message();
         let witness_set = self.witness_set();
@@ -190,6 +191,14 @@ impl PublicTransaction {
                 NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior
             );
 
+            // Verify validity window
+            ensure!(
+                program_output
+                    .validity_window
+                    .is_valid_for_block_id(block_id),
+                NssaError::OutOfValidityWindow
+            );
+
             for post in program_output
                 .post_states
                 .iter_mut()
@@ -359,7 +368,7 @@ pub mod tests {
 
         let witness_set = WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[&key1, &key1]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
-        let result = tx.validate_and_produce_public_state_diff(&state);
+        let result = tx.validate_and_produce_public_state_diff(&state, 1);
         assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidInput(_))));
     }
 
@@ -379,7 +388,7 @@ pub mod tests {
 
         let witness_set = WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[&key1, &key2]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
-        let result = tx.validate_and_produce_public_state_diff(&state);
+        let result = tx.validate_and_produce_public_state_diff(&state, 1);
         assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidInput(_))));
     }
 
@@ -400,7 +409,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let mut witness_set = WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[&key1, &key2]);
         witness_set.signatures_and_public_keys[0].0 = Signature::new_for_tests([1; 64]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
-        let result = tx.validate_and_produce_public_state_diff(&state);
+        let result = tx.validate_and_produce_public_state_diff(&state, 1);
         assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidInput(_))));
     }
 
@@ -420,7 +429,7 @@ pub mod tests {
 
         let witness_set = WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[&key1, &key2]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
-        let result = tx.validate_and_produce_public_state_diff(&state);
+        let result = tx.validate_and_produce_public_state_diff(&state, 1);
         assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidInput(_))));
     }
 
@@ -436,7 +445,7 @@ pub mod tests {
 
         let witness_set = WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[&key1, &key2]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
-        let result = tx.validate_and_produce_public_state_diff(&state);
+        let result = tx.validate_and_produce_public_state_diff(&state, 1);
         assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidInput(_))));
     }
 }
diff --git a/nssa/src/state.rs b/nssa/src/state.rs
index 6dec4f35..7f2a0ec8 100644
--- a/nssa/src/state.rs
+++ b/nssa/src/state.rs
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use borsh::{BorshDeserialize, BorshSerialize};
 use nssa_core::{
     Commitment, CommitmentSetDigest, DUMMY_COMMITMENT, MembershipProof, Nullifier,
     account::{Account, AccountId, Nonce},
-    program::ProgramId,
+    program::{BlockId, ProgramId},
 };
 
 use crate::{
@@ -157,8 +157,9 @@ impl V03State {
     pub fn transition_from_public_transaction(
         &mut self,
         tx: &PublicTransaction,
+        block_id: BlockId,
     ) -> Result<(), NssaError> {
-        let state_diff = tx.validate_and_produce_public_state_diff(self)?;
+        let state_diff = tx.validate_and_produce_public_state_diff(self, block_id)?;
 
         #[expect(
             clippy::iter_over_hash_type,
@@ -181,9 +182,10 @@ impl V03State {
     pub fn transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(
         &mut self,
         tx: &PrivacyPreservingTransaction,
+        block_id: BlockId,
     ) -> Result<(), NssaError> {
         // 1. Verify the transaction satisfies acceptance criteria
-        let public_state_diff = tx.validate_and_produce_public_state_diff(self)?;
+        let public_state_diff = tx.validate_and_produce_public_state_diff(self, block_id)?;
 
         let message = tx.message();
 
@@ -338,7 +340,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         Commitment, Nullifier, NullifierPublicKey, NullifierSecretKey, SharedSecretKey,
         account::{Account, AccountId, AccountWithMetadata, Nonce, data::Data},
         encryption::{EphemeralPublicKey, Scalar, ViewingPublicKey},
-        program::{PdaSeed, ProgramId},
+        program::{BlockId, PdaSeed, ProgramId},
     };
 
     use crate::{
@@ -373,6 +375,7 @@ pub mod tests {
             self.insert_program(Program::amm());
             self.insert_program(Program::claimer());
             self.insert_program(Program::changer_claimer());
+            self.insert_program(Program::validity_window());
             self
         }
 
@@ -567,7 +570,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let balance_to_move = 5;
 
         let tx = transfer_transaction(from, &key, 0, to, balance_to_move);
-        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1).unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(from).balance, 95);
         assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(to).balance, 5);
@@ -588,7 +591,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         assert!(state.get_account_by_id(from).balance < balance_to_move);
 
         let tx = transfer_transaction(from, &from_key, 0, to, balance_to_move);
-        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1);
 
         assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::ProgramExecutionFailed(_))));
         assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(from).balance, 100);
@@ -612,7 +615,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let balance_to_move = 8;
 
         let tx = transfer_transaction(from, &from_key, 0, to, balance_to_move);
-        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1).unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(from).balance, 192);
         assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(to).balance, 108);
@@ -632,10 +635,10 @@ pub mod tests {
         let balance_to_move = 5;
 
         let tx = transfer_transaction(account_id1, &key1, 0, account_id2, balance_to_move);
-        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1).unwrap();
         let balance_to_move = 3;
         let tx = transfer_transaction(account_id2, &key2, 0, account_id3, balance_to_move);
-        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1).unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(account_id1).balance, 95);
         assert_eq!(state.get_account_by_id(account_id2).balance, 2);
@@ -657,7 +660,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
 
-        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1);
 
         assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
     }
@@ -674,7 +677,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
 
-        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1);
 
         assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
     }
@@ -691,7 +694,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
 
-        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1);
 
         assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
     }
@@ -715,7 +718,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
 
-        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1);
 
         assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
     }
@@ -739,7 +742,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
 
-        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1);
 
         assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
     }
@@ -763,7 +766,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
 
-        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1);
 
         assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
     }
@@ -787,7 +790,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
 
-        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1);
 
         assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
     }
@@ -815,7 +818,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
 
-        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1);
 
         assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
     }
@@ -840,7 +843,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
 
-        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1);
 
         assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
     }
@@ -858,7 +861,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
 
-        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1);
 
         assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
     }
@@ -887,7 +890,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         .unwrap();
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
-        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1);
 
         assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
     }
@@ -1080,7 +1083,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         assert!(!state.private_state.0.contains(&expected_new_commitment));
 
         state
-            .transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(&tx)
+            .transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(&tx, 1)
             .unwrap();
 
         let sender_post = state.get_account_by_id(sender_keys.account_id());
@@ -1150,7 +1153,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         assert!(!state.private_state.1.contains(&expected_new_nullifier));
 
         state
-            .transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(&tx)
+            .transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(&tx, 1)
             .unwrap();
 
         assert_eq!(state.public_state, previous_public_state);
@@ -1214,7 +1217,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         assert!(!state.private_state.1.contains(&expected_new_nullifier));
 
         state
-            .transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(&tx)
+            .transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(&tx, 1)
             .unwrap();
 
         let recipient_post = state.get_account_by_id(recipient_keys.account_id());
@@ -2142,7 +2145,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         );
 
         state
-            .transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(&tx)
+            .transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(&tx, 1)
             .unwrap();
 
         let sender_private_account = Account {
@@ -2160,7 +2163,7 @@ pub mod tests {
             &state,
         );
 
-        let result = state.transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(&tx);
+        let result = state.transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(&tx, 1);
 
         assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidInput(_))));
         let NssaError::InvalidInput(error_message) = result.err().unwrap() else {
@@ -2237,7 +2240,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[&from_key]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
 
-        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1).unwrap();
 
         let recipient_post = state.get_account_by_id(to);
 
@@ -2280,7 +2283,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[&from_key]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
 
-        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1).unwrap();
 
         let from_post = state.get_account_by_id(from);
         let to_post = state.get_account_by_id(to);
@@ -2320,7 +2323,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[&from_key]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
 
-        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1);
         assert!(matches!(
             result,
             Err(NssaError::MaxChainedCallsDepthExceeded)
@@ -2361,7 +2364,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
 
-        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1).unwrap();
 
         let from_post = state.get_account_by_id(from);
         let to_post = state.get_account_by_id(to);
@@ -2417,7 +2420,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[&from_key]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
 
-        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1).unwrap();
 
         let from_post = state.get_account_by_id(from);
         let to_post = state.get_account_by_id(to);
@@ -2526,7 +2529,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let transaction = PrivacyPreservingTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
 
         state
-            .transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(&transaction)
+            .transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(&transaction, 1)
             .unwrap();
 
         // Assert
@@ -2582,7 +2585,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         .unwrap();
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
-        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1).unwrap();
 
         // Execution of winner's token holding account initialization
         let instruction = token_core::Instruction::InitializeAccount;
@@ -2595,7 +2598,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         .unwrap();
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
-        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1).unwrap();
 
         // Submit a solution to the pinata program to claim the prize
         let solution: u128 = 989_106;
@@ -2612,7 +2615,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         .unwrap();
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
-        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+        state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1).unwrap();
 
         let winner_token_holding_post = state.get_account_by_id(winner_token_holding_id);
         assert_eq!(
@@ -2642,7 +2645,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
 
-        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1);
 
         assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
     }
@@ -2688,7 +2691,7 @@ pub mod tests {
 
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[&sender_key]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
-        let res = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+        let res = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1);
         assert!(matches!(res, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
 
         let sender_post = state.get_account_by_id(sender_id);
@@ -2757,7 +2760,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let witness_set = WitnessSet::for_message(&message, proof, &[]);
 
         let tx = PrivacyPreservingTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
-        let result = state.transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(&tx);
+        let result = state.transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(&tx, 1);
         assert!(result.is_ok());
 
         let nullifier = Nullifier::for_account_initialization(&private_keys.npk());
@@ -2810,7 +2813,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         // Claim should succeed
         assert!(
             state
-                .transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(&tx)
+                .transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(&tx, 1)
                 .is_ok()
         );
 
@@ -2859,7 +2862,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
 
-        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1);
 
         // Should succeed - no changes made, no claim needed
         assert!(result.is_ok());
@@ -2884,7 +2887,7 @@ pub mod tests {
         let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
         let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
 
-        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx);
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1);
 
         // Should fail - cannot modify data without claiming the account
         assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::InvalidProgramBehavior)));
@@ -2996,6 +2999,117 @@ pub mod tests {
         assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::CircuitProvingError(_))));
     }
 
+    #[test_case::test_case((Some(1), Some(3)), 3; "at upper bound")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((Some(1), Some(3)), 2; "inside range")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((Some(1), Some(3)), 0; "below range")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((Some(1), Some(3)), 1; "at lower bound")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((Some(1), Some(3)), 4; "above range")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((Some(1), None), 1; "lower bound only - at bound")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((Some(1), None), 10; "lower bound only - above")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((Some(1), None), 0; "lower bound only - below")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((None, Some(3)), 3; "upper bound only - at bound")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((None, Some(3)), 0; "upper bound only - below")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((None, Some(3)), 4; "upper bound only - above")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((None, None), 0; "no bounds - always valid")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((None, None), 100; "no bounds - always valid 2")]
+    fn validity_window_works_in_public_transactions(
+        validity_window: (Option<BlockId>, Option<BlockId>),
+        block_id: BlockId,
+    ) {
+        let validity_window_program = Program::validity_window();
+        let account_keys = test_public_account_keys_1();
+        let pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, account_keys.account_id());
+        let mut state = V03State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&[], &[]).with_test_programs();
+        let tx = {
+            let account_ids = vec![pre.account_id];
+            let nonces = vec![];
+            let program_id = validity_window_program.id();
+            let message = public_transaction::Message::try_new(
+                program_id,
+                account_ids,
+                nonces,
+                validity_window,
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+            let witness_set = public_transaction::WitnessSet::for_message(&message, &[]);
+            PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set)
+        };
+        let result = state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, block_id);
+        let is_inside_validity_window = match validity_window {
+            (Some(s), Some(e)) => s <= block_id && block_id < e,
+            (Some(s), None) => s <= block_id,
+            (None, Some(e)) => block_id < e,
+            (None, None) => true,
+        };
+        if is_inside_validity_window {
+            assert!(result.is_ok());
+        } else {
+            assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::OutOfValidityWindow)));
+        }
+    }
+
+    #[test_case::test_case((Some(1), Some(3)), 3; "at upper bound")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((Some(1), Some(3)), 2; "inside range")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((Some(1), Some(3)), 0; "below range")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((Some(1), Some(3)), 1; "at lower bound")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((Some(1), Some(3)), 4; "above range")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((Some(1), None), 1; "lower bound only - at bound")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((Some(1), None), 10; "lower bound only - above")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((Some(1), None), 0; "lower bound only - below")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((None, Some(3)), 3; "upper bound only - at bound")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((None, Some(3)), 0; "upper bound only - below")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((None, Some(3)), 4; "upper bound only - above")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((None, None), 0; "no bounds - always valid")]
+    #[test_case::test_case((None, None), 100; "no bounds - always valid 2")]
+    fn validity_window_works_in_privacy_preserving_transactions(
+        validity_window: (Option<BlockId>, Option<BlockId>),
+        block_id: BlockId,
+    ) {
+        let validity_window_program = Program::validity_window();
+        let account_keys = test_private_account_keys_1();
+        let pre = AccountWithMetadata::new(Account::default(), false, &account_keys.npk());
+        let mut state = V03State::new_with_genesis_accounts(&[], &[]).with_test_programs();
+        let tx = {
+            let esk = [3; 32];
+            let shared_secret = SharedSecretKey::new(&esk, &account_keys.vpk());
+            let epk = EphemeralPublicKey::from_scalar(esk);
+
+            let (output, proof) = circuit::execute_and_prove(
+                vec![pre],
+                Program::serialize_instruction(validity_window).unwrap(),
+                vec![2],
+                vec![(account_keys.npk(), shared_secret)],
+                vec![],
+                vec![None],
+                &validity_window_program.into(),
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+
+            let message = Message::try_from_circuit_output(
+                vec![],
+                vec![],
+                vec![(account_keys.npk(), account_keys.vpk(), epk)],
+                output,
+            )
+            .unwrap();
+
+            let witness_set = WitnessSet::for_message(&message, proof, &[]);
+            PrivacyPreservingTransaction::new(message, witness_set)
+        };
+        let result = state.transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(&tx, block_id);
+        let is_inside_validity_window = match validity_window {
+            (Some(s), Some(e)) => s <= block_id && block_id < e,
+            (Some(s), None) => s <= block_id,
+            (None, Some(e)) => block_id < e,
+            (None, None) => true,
+        };
+        if is_inside_validity_window {
+            assert!(result.is_ok());
+        } else {
+            assert!(matches!(result, Err(NssaError::OutOfValidityWindow)));
+        }
+    }
+
     #[test]
     fn state_serialization_roundtrip() {
         let account_id_1 = AccountId::new([1; 32]);
diff --git a/program_methods/guest/src/bin/privacy_preserving_circuit.rs b/program_methods/guest/src/bin/privacy_preserving_circuit.rs
index 99782d7f..08872564 100644
--- a/program_methods/guest/src/bin/privacy_preserving_circuit.rs
+++ b/program_methods/guest/src/bin/privacy_preserving_circuit.rs
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ use nssa_core::{
     compute_digest_for_path,
     program::{
         AccountPostState, ChainedCall, DEFAULT_PROGRAM_ID, MAX_NUMBER_CHAINED_CALLS, ProgramId,
-        ProgramOutput, validate_execution,
+        ProgramOutput, ValidityWindow, validate_execution,
     },
 };
 use risc0_zkvm::{guest::env, serde::to_vec};
@@ -20,11 +20,31 @@ use risc0_zkvm::{guest::env, serde::to_vec};
 struct ExecutionState {
     pre_states: Vec<AccountWithMetadata>,
     post_states: HashMap<AccountId, Account>,
+    validity_window: ValidityWindow,
 }
 
 impl ExecutionState {
     /// Validate program outputs and derive the overall execution state.
     pub fn derive_from_outputs(program_id: ProgramId, program_outputs: Vec<ProgramOutput>) -> Self {
+        let valid_from_id = program_outputs
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|output| output.validity_window.from())
+            .max();
+        let valid_until_id = program_outputs
+            .iter()
+            .filter_map(|output| output.validity_window.to())
+            .min();
+
+        let validity_window = (valid_from_id, valid_until_id).try_into().expect(
+            "There should be non empty intersection in the program output validity windows",
+        );
+
+        let mut execution_state = Self {
+            pre_states: Vec::new(),
+            post_states: HashMap::new(),
+            validity_window,
+        };
+
         let Some(first_output) = program_outputs.first() else {
             panic!("No program outputs provided");
         };
@@ -37,11 +57,6 @@ impl ExecutionState {
         };
         let mut chained_calls = VecDeque::from_iter([(initial_call, None)]);
 
-        let mut execution_state = Self {
-            pre_states: Vec::new(),
-            post_states: HashMap::new(),
-        };
-
         let mut program_outputs_iter = program_outputs.into_iter();
         let mut chain_calls_counter = 0;
 
@@ -210,6 +225,7 @@ fn compute_circuit_output(
         ciphertexts: Vec::new(),
         new_commitments: Vec::new(),
         new_nullifiers: Vec::new(),
+        validity_window: execution_state.validity_window,
     };
 
     let states_iter = execution_state.into_states_iter();
diff --git a/programs/amm/src/tests.rs b/programs/amm/src/tests.rs
index d5c8e7b0..86fdb4ff 100644
--- a/programs/amm/src/tests.rs
+++ b/programs/amm/src/tests.rs
@@ -2733,7 +2733,7 @@ fn simple_amm_remove() {
     );
 
     let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
-    state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+    state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1).unwrap();
 
     let pool_post = state.get_account_by_id(IdForExeTests::pool_definition_id());
     let vault_a_post = state.get_account_by_id(IdForExeTests::vault_a_id());
@@ -2813,7 +2813,7 @@ fn simple_amm_new_definition_inactive_initialized_pool_and_uninit_user_lp() {
     );
 
     let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
-    state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+    state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1).unwrap();
 
     let pool_post = state.get_account_by_id(IdForExeTests::pool_definition_id());
     let vault_a_post = state.get_account_by_id(IdForExeTests::vault_a_id());
@@ -2897,7 +2897,7 @@ fn simple_amm_new_definition_inactive_initialized_pool_init_user_lp() {
     );
 
     let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
-    state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+    state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1).unwrap();
 
     let pool_post = state.get_account_by_id(IdForExeTests::pool_definition_id());
     let vault_a_post = state.get_account_by_id(IdForExeTests::vault_a_id());
@@ -2969,7 +2969,7 @@ fn simple_amm_new_definition_uninitialized_pool() {
     );
 
     let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
-    state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+    state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1).unwrap();
 
     let pool_post = state.get_account_by_id(IdForExeTests::pool_definition_id());
     let vault_a_post = state.get_account_by_id(IdForExeTests::vault_a_id());
@@ -3031,7 +3031,7 @@ fn simple_amm_add() {
     );
 
     let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
-    state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+    state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1).unwrap();
 
     let pool_post = state.get_account_by_id(IdForExeTests::pool_definition_id());
     let vault_a_post = state.get_account_by_id(IdForExeTests::vault_a_id());
@@ -3088,7 +3088,7 @@ fn simple_amm_swap_1() {
     );
 
     let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
-    state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+    state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1).unwrap();
 
     let pool_post = state.get_account_by_id(IdForExeTests::pool_definition_id());
     let vault_a_post = state.get_account_by_id(IdForExeTests::vault_a_id());
@@ -3138,7 +3138,7 @@ fn simple_amm_swap_2() {
     );
 
     let tx = PublicTransaction::new(message, witness_set);
-    state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx).unwrap();
+    state.transition_from_public_transaction(&tx, 1).unwrap();
 
     let pool_post = state.get_account_by_id(IdForExeTests::pool_definition_id());
     let vault_a_post = state.get_account_by_id(IdForExeTests::vault_a_id());
diff --git a/sequencer/core/src/lib.rs b/sequencer/core/src/lib.rs
index 21e63740..cd20467b 100644
--- a/sequencer/core/src/lib.rs
+++ b/sequencer/core/src/lib.rs
@@ -147,10 +147,12 @@ impl<BC: BlockSettlementClientTrait, IC: IndexerClientTrait> SequencerCore<BC, I
         tx: NSSATransaction,
     ) -> Result<NSSATransaction, nssa::error::NssaError> {
         match &tx {
-            NSSATransaction::Public(tx) => self.state.transition_from_public_transaction(tx),
+            NSSATransaction::Public(tx) => self
+                .state
+                .transition_from_public_transaction(tx, self.next_block_id()),
             NSSATransaction::PrivacyPreserving(tx) => self
                 .state
-                .transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(tx),
+                .transition_from_privacy_preserving_transaction(tx, self.next_block_id()),
             NSSATransaction::ProgramDeployment(tx) => self
                 .state
                 .transition_from_program_deployment_transaction(tx),
@@ -184,10 +186,7 @@ impl<BC: BlockSettlementClientTrait, IC: IndexerClientTrait> SequencerCore<BC, I
     ) -> Result<(SignedMantleTx, MsgId)> {
         let now = Instant::now();
 
-        let new_block_height = self
-            .chain_height
-            .checked_add(1)
-            .with_context(|| format!("Max block height reached: {}", self.chain_height))?;
+        let new_block_height = self.next_block_id();
 
         let mut valid_transactions = vec![];
 
@@ -334,6 +333,12 @@ impl<BC: BlockSettlementClientTrait, IC: IndexerClientTrait> SequencerCore<BC, I
     pub fn indexer_client(&self) -> IC {
         self.indexer_client.clone()
     }
+
+    fn next_block_id(&self) -> u64 {
+        self.chain_height
+            .checked_add(1)
+            .unwrap_or_else(|| panic!("Max block height reached: {}", self.chain_height))
+    }
 }
 
 /// Load signing key from file or generate a new one if it doesn't exist.
@@ -406,7 +411,7 @@ mod tests {
                 node_url: "http://not-used-in-unit-tests".parse().unwrap(),
                 auth: None,
             },
-            retry_pending_blocks_timeout: Duration::from_secs(60 * 4),
+            retry_pending_blocks_timeout: Duration::from_mins(4),
             indexer_rpc_url: "ws://localhost:8779".parse().unwrap(),
         }
     }
diff --git a/sequencer_rpc/src/process.rs b/sequencer_rpc/src/process.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2fe9bed1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sequencer_rpc/src/process.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,786 @@
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+
+use actix_web::Error as HttpError;
+use base64::{Engine as _, engine::general_purpose};
+use common::{
+    block::{AccountInitialData, HashableBlockData},
+    rpc_primitives::{
+        errors::RpcError,
+        message::{Message, Request},
+        parser::RpcRequest as _,
+        requests::{
+            GetAccountBalanceRequest, GetAccountBalanceResponse, GetAccountRequest,
+            GetAccountResponse, GetAccountsNoncesRequest, GetAccountsNoncesResponse,
+            GetBlockDataRequest, GetBlockDataResponse, GetBlockRangeDataRequest,
+            GetBlockRangeDataResponse, GetGenesisIdRequest, GetGenesisIdResponse,
+            GetInitialTestnetAccountsRequest, GetLastBlockRequest, GetLastBlockResponse,
+            GetProgramIdsRequest, GetProgramIdsResponse, GetProofForCommitmentRequest,
+            GetProofForCommitmentResponse, GetTransactionByHashRequest,
+            GetTransactionByHashResponse, HelloRequest, HelloResponse, SendTxRequest,
+            SendTxResponse,
+        },
+    },
+    transaction::{NSSATransaction, TransactionMalformationError},
+};
+use itertools::Itertools as _;
+use log::warn;
+use nssa::{self, program::Program};
+use sequencer_core::{
+    block_settlement_client::BlockSettlementClientTrait, indexer_client::IndexerClientTrait,
+};
+use serde_json::Value;
+
+use super::{JsonHandler, respond, types::err_rpc::RpcErr};
+
+pub const HELLO: &str = "hello";
+pub const SEND_TX: &str = "send_tx";
+pub const GET_BLOCK: &str = "get_block";
+pub const GET_BLOCK_RANGE: &str = "get_block_range";
+pub const GET_GENESIS: &str = "get_genesis";
+pub const GET_LAST_BLOCK: &str = "get_last_block";
+pub const GET_ACCOUNT_BALANCE: &str = "get_account_balance";
+pub const GET_TRANSACTION_BY_HASH: &str = "get_transaction_by_hash";
+pub const GET_ACCOUNTS_NONCES: &str = "get_accounts_nonces";
+pub const GET_ACCOUNT: &str = "get_account";
+pub const GET_PROOF_FOR_COMMITMENT: &str = "get_proof_for_commitment";
+pub const GET_PROGRAM_IDS: &str = "get_program_ids";
+
+pub const HELLO_FROM_SEQUENCER: &str = "HELLO_FROM_SEQUENCER";
+
+pub const TRANSACTION_SUBMITTED: &str = "Transaction submitted";
+
+pub const GET_INITIAL_TESTNET_ACCOUNTS: &str = "get_initial_testnet_accounts";
+
+pub trait Process: Send + Sync + 'static {
+    fn process(&self, message: Message) -> impl Future<Output = Result<Message, HttpError>> + Send;
+}
+
+impl<
+    BC: BlockSettlementClientTrait + Send + Sync + 'static,
+    IC: IndexerClientTrait + Send + Sync + 'static,
+> Process for JsonHandler<BC, IC>
+{
+    async fn process(&self, message: Message) -> Result<Message, HttpError> {
+        let id = message.id();
+        if let Message::Request(request) = message {
+            let message_inner = self
+                .process_request_internal(request)
+                .await
+                .map_err(|e| e.0);
+            Ok(Message::response(id, message_inner))
+        } else {
+            Ok(Message::error(RpcError::parse_error(
+                "JSON RPC Request format was expected".to_owned(),
+            )))
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl<BC: BlockSettlementClientTrait, IC: IndexerClientTrait> JsonHandler<BC, IC> {
+    /// Example of request processing.
+    fn process_temp_hello(request: Request) -> Result<Value, RpcErr> {
+        let _hello_request = HelloRequest::parse(Some(request.params))?;
+
+        let response = HelloResponse {
+            greeting: HELLO_FROM_SEQUENCER.to_owned(),
+        };
+
+        respond(response)
+    }
+
+    async fn process_send_tx(&self, request: Request) -> Result<Value, RpcErr> {
+        // Check transaction size against block size limit
+        // Reserve ~200 bytes for block header overhead
+        const BLOCK_HEADER_OVERHEAD: usize = 200;
+
+        let send_tx_req = SendTxRequest::parse(Some(request.params))?;
+        let tx = borsh::from_slice::<NSSATransaction>(&send_tx_req.transaction).unwrap();
+
+        let tx_hash = tx.hash();
+
+        let tx_size = send_tx_req.transaction.len();
+
+        let max_tx_size = self.max_block_size.saturating_sub(BLOCK_HEADER_OVERHEAD);
+
+        if tx_size > max_tx_size {
+            return Err(TransactionMalformationError::TransactionTooLarge {
+                size: tx_size,
+                max: max_tx_size,
+            }
+            .into());
+        }
+
+        let authenticated_tx = tx
+            .transaction_stateless_check()
+            .inspect_err(|err| warn!("Error at pre_check {err:#?}"))?;
+
+        // TODO: Do we need a timeout here? It will be usable if we have too many transactions to
+        // process
+        self.mempool_handle
+            .push(authenticated_tx)
+            .await
+            .expect("Mempool is closed, this is a bug");
+
+        let response = SendTxResponse {
+            status: TRANSACTION_SUBMITTED.to_owned(),
+            tx_hash,
+        };
+
+        respond(response)
+    }
+
+    async fn process_get_block_data(&self, request: Request) -> Result<Value, RpcErr> {
+        let get_block_req = GetBlockDataRequest::parse(Some(request.params))?;
+
+        let block = {
+            let state = self.sequencer_state.lock().await;
+
+            state
+                .block_store()
+                .get_block_at_id(get_block_req.block_id)?
+        };
+
+        let response = GetBlockDataResponse {
+            block: borsh::to_vec(&HashableBlockData::from(block)).unwrap(),
+        };
+
+        respond(response)
+    }
+
+    async fn process_get_block_range_data(&self, request: Request) -> Result<Value, RpcErr> {
+        let get_block_req = GetBlockRangeDataRequest::parse(Some(request.params))?;
+
+        let blocks = {
+            let state = self.sequencer_state.lock().await;
+            (get_block_req.start_block_id..=get_block_req.end_block_id)
+                .map(|block_id| state.block_store().get_block_at_id(block_id))
+                .map_ok(|block| {
+                    borsh::to_vec(&HashableBlockData::from(block))
+                        .expect("derived BorshSerialize should never fail")
+                })
+                .collect::<Result<Vec<_>, _>>()?
+        };
+
+        let response = GetBlockRangeDataResponse { blocks };
+
+        respond(response)
+    }
+
+    async fn process_get_genesis(&self, request: Request) -> Result<Value, RpcErr> {
+        let _get_genesis_req = GetGenesisIdRequest::parse(Some(request.params))?;
+
+        let genesis_id = {
+            let state = self.sequencer_state.lock().await;
+
+            state.block_store().genesis_id()
+        };
+
+        let response = GetGenesisIdResponse { genesis_id };
+
+        respond(response)
+    }
+
+    async fn process_get_last_block(&self, request: Request) -> Result<Value, RpcErr> {
+        let _get_last_block_req = GetLastBlockRequest::parse(Some(request.params))?;
+
+        let last_block = {
+            let state = self.sequencer_state.lock().await;
+
+            state.chain_height()
+        };
+
+        let response = GetLastBlockResponse { last_block };
+
+        respond(response)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the initial accounts for testnet.
+    /// `ToDo`: Useful only for testnet and needs to be removed later.
+    async fn get_initial_testnet_accounts(&self, request: Request) -> Result<Value, RpcErr> {
+        let _get_initial_testnet_accounts_request =
+            GetInitialTestnetAccountsRequest::parse(Some(request.params))?;
+
+        let initial_accounts: Vec<AccountInitialData> = {
+            let state = self.sequencer_state.lock().await;
+
+            state.sequencer_config().initial_accounts.clone()
+        };
+
+        respond(initial_accounts)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the balance of the account at the given `account_id`.
+    /// The `account_id` must be a valid hex string of the correct length.
+    async fn process_get_account_balance(&self, request: Request) -> Result<Value, RpcErr> {
+        let get_account_req = GetAccountBalanceRequest::parse(Some(request.params))?;
+        let account_id = get_account_req.account_id;
+
+        let balance = {
+            let state = self.sequencer_state.lock().await;
+            let account = state.state().get_account_by_id(account_id);
+            account.balance
+        };
+
+        let response = GetAccountBalanceResponse { balance };
+
+        respond(response)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the nonces of the accounts at the given `account_ids`.
+    /// Each `account_id` must be a valid hex string of the correct length.
+    async fn process_get_accounts_nonces(&self, request: Request) -> Result<Value, RpcErr> {
+        let get_account_nonces_req = GetAccountsNoncesRequest::parse(Some(request.params))?;
+        let account_ids = get_account_nonces_req.account_ids;
+
+        let nonces = {
+            let state = self.sequencer_state.lock().await;
+
+            account_ids
+                .into_iter()
+                .map(|account_id| state.state().get_account_by_id(account_id).nonce.0)
+                .collect()
+        };
+
+        let response = GetAccountsNoncesResponse { nonces };
+
+        respond(response)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns account struct for given `account_id`.
+    /// `AccountId` must be a valid hex string of the correct length.
+    async fn process_get_account(&self, request: Request) -> Result<Value, RpcErr> {
+        let get_account_nonces_req = GetAccountRequest::parse(Some(request.params))?;
+
+        let account_id = get_account_nonces_req.account_id;
+
+        let account = {
+            let state = self.sequencer_state.lock().await;
+
+            state.state().get_account_by_id(account_id)
+        };
+
+        let response = GetAccountResponse { account };
+
+        respond(response)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the transaction corresponding to the given hash, if it exists in the blockchain.
+    /// The hash must be a valid hex string of the correct length.
+    async fn process_get_transaction_by_hash(&self, request: Request) -> Result<Value, RpcErr> {
+        let get_transaction_req = GetTransactionByHashRequest::parse(Some(request.params))?;
+        let hash = get_transaction_req.hash;
+
+        let transaction = {
+            let state = self.sequencer_state.lock().await;
+            state
+                .block_store()
+                .get_transaction_by_hash(hash)
+                .map(|tx| borsh::to_vec(&tx).unwrap())
+        };
+        let base64_encoded = transaction.map(|tx| general_purpose::STANDARD.encode(tx));
+        let response = GetTransactionByHashResponse {
+            transaction: base64_encoded,
+        };
+        respond(response)
+    }
+
+    /// Returns the commitment proof, corresponding to commitment.
+    async fn process_get_proof_by_commitment(&self, request: Request) -> Result<Value, RpcErr> {
+        let get_proof_req = GetProofForCommitmentRequest::parse(Some(request.params))?;
+
+        let membership_proof = {
+            let state = self.sequencer_state.lock().await;
+            state
+                .state()
+                .get_proof_for_commitment(&get_proof_req.commitment)
+        };
+        let response = GetProofForCommitmentResponse { membership_proof };
+        respond(response)
+    }
+
+    fn process_get_program_ids(request: Request) -> Result<Value, RpcErr> {
+        let _get_proof_req = GetProgramIdsRequest::parse(Some(request.params))?;
+
+        let mut program_ids = HashMap::new();
+        program_ids.insert(
+            "authenticated_transfer".to_owned(),
+            Program::authenticated_transfer_program().id(),
+        );
+        program_ids.insert("token".to_owned(), Program::token().id());
+        program_ids.insert("pinata".to_owned(), Program::pinata().id());
+        program_ids.insert("amm".to_owned(), Program::amm().id());
+        program_ids.insert(
+            "privacy_preserving_circuit".to_owned(),
+            nssa::PRIVACY_PRESERVING_CIRCUIT_ID,
+        );
+        let response = GetProgramIdsResponse { program_ids };
+        respond(response)
+    }
+
+    pub async fn process_request_internal(&self, request: Request) -> Result<Value, RpcErr> {
+        match request.method.as_ref() {
+            HELLO => Self::process_temp_hello(request),
+            SEND_TX => self.process_send_tx(request).await,
+            GET_BLOCK => self.process_get_block_data(request).await,
+            GET_BLOCK_RANGE => self.process_get_block_range_data(request).await,
+            GET_GENESIS => self.process_get_genesis(request).await,
+            GET_LAST_BLOCK => self.process_get_last_block(request).await,
+            GET_INITIAL_TESTNET_ACCOUNTS => self.get_initial_testnet_accounts(request).await,
+            GET_ACCOUNT_BALANCE => self.process_get_account_balance(request).await,
+            GET_ACCOUNTS_NONCES => self.process_get_accounts_nonces(request).await,
+            GET_ACCOUNT => self.process_get_account(request).await,
+            GET_TRANSACTION_BY_HASH => self.process_get_transaction_by_hash(request).await,
+            GET_PROOF_FOR_COMMITMENT => self.process_get_proof_by_commitment(request).await,
+            GET_PROGRAM_IDS => Self::process_get_program_ids(request),
+            _ => Err(RpcErr(RpcError::method_not_found(request.method))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use std::{str::FromStr as _, sync::Arc, time::Duration};
+
+    use base58::ToBase58 as _;
+    use base64::{Engine as _, engine::general_purpose};
+    use bedrock_client::BackoffConfig;
+    use common::{
+        block::AccountInitialData, config::BasicAuth, test_utils::sequencer_sign_key_for_testing,
+        transaction::NSSATransaction,
+    };
+    use nssa::AccountId;
+    use sequencer_core::{
+        config::{BedrockConfig, SequencerConfig},
+        mock::{MockBlockSettlementClient, MockIndexerClient, SequencerCoreWithMockClients},
+    };
+    use serde_json::Value;
+    use tempfile::tempdir;
+    use tokio::sync::Mutex;
+
+    use crate::rpc_handler;
+
+    type JsonHandlerWithMockClients =
+        crate::JsonHandler<MockBlockSettlementClient, MockIndexerClient>;
+
+    fn sequencer_config_for_tests() -> SequencerConfig {
+        let tempdir = tempdir().unwrap();
+        let home = tempdir.path().to_path_buf();
+        let acc1_id: Vec<u8> = vec![
+            148, 179, 206, 253, 199, 51, 82, 86, 232, 2, 152, 122, 80, 243, 54, 207, 237, 112, 83,
+            153, 44, 59, 204, 49, 128, 84, 160, 227, 216, 149, 97, 102,
+        ];
+
+        let acc2_id: Vec<u8> = vec![
+            30, 145, 107, 3, 207, 73, 192, 230, 160, 63, 238, 207, 18, 69, 54, 216, 103, 244, 92,
+            94, 124, 248, 42, 16, 141, 19, 119, 18, 14, 226, 140, 204,
+        ];
+
+        let initial_acc1 = AccountInitialData {
+            account_id: AccountId::from_str(&acc1_id.to_base58()).unwrap(),
+            balance: 10000,
+        };
+
+        let initial_acc2 = AccountInitialData {
+            account_id: AccountId::from_str(&acc2_id.to_base58()).unwrap(),
+            balance: 20000,
+        };
+
+        let initial_accounts = vec![initial_acc1, initial_acc2];
+
+        SequencerConfig {
+            home,
+            override_rust_log: Some("info".to_owned()),
+            genesis_id: 1,
+            is_genesis_random: false,
+            max_num_tx_in_block: 10,
+            max_block_size: bytesize::ByteSize::mib(1),
+            mempool_max_size: 1000,
+            block_create_timeout: Duration::from_secs(1),
+            port: 8080,
+            initial_accounts,
+            initial_commitments: vec![],
+            signing_key: *sequencer_sign_key_for_testing().value(),
+            retry_pending_blocks_timeout: Duration::from_mins(4),
+            bedrock_config: BedrockConfig {
+                backoff: BackoffConfig {
+                    start_delay: Duration::from_millis(100),
+                    max_retries: 5,
+                },
+                channel_id: [42; 32].into(),
+                node_url: "http://localhost:8080".parse().unwrap(),
+                auth: Some(BasicAuth {
+                    username: "user".to_owned(),
+                    password: None,
+                }),
+            },
+            indexer_rpc_url: "ws://localhost:8779".parse().unwrap(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    async fn components_for_tests() -> (
+        JsonHandlerWithMockClients,
+        Vec<AccountInitialData>,
+        NSSATransaction,
+    ) {
+        let config = sequencer_config_for_tests();
+
+        let (mut sequencer_core, mempool_handle) =
+            SequencerCoreWithMockClients::start_from_config(config).await;
+        let initial_accounts = sequencer_core.sequencer_config().initial_accounts.clone();
+
+        let signing_key = nssa::PrivateKey::try_new([1; 32]).unwrap();
+        let balance_to_move = 10;
+        let tx = common::test_utils::create_transaction_native_token_transfer(
+            AccountId::from_str(
+                &[
+                    148, 179, 206, 253, 199, 51, 82, 86, 232, 2, 152, 122, 80, 243, 54, 207, 237,
+                    112, 83, 153, 44, 59, 204, 49, 128, 84, 160, 227, 216, 149, 97, 102,
+                ]
+                .to_base58(),
+            )
+            .unwrap(),
+            0,
+            AccountId::from_str(&[2; 32].to_base58()).unwrap(),
+            balance_to_move,
+            &signing_key,
+        );
+
+        mempool_handle
+            .push(tx.clone())
+            .await
+            .expect("Mempool is closed, this is a bug");
+
+        sequencer_core
+            .produce_new_block_with_mempool_transactions()
+            .unwrap();
+
+        let max_block_size =
+            usize::try_from(sequencer_core.sequencer_config().max_block_size.as_u64())
+                .expect("`max_block_size` is expected to fit in usize");
+        let sequencer_core = Arc::new(Mutex::new(sequencer_core));
+
+        (
+            JsonHandlerWithMockClients {
+                sequencer_state: sequencer_core,
+                mempool_handle,
+                max_block_size,
+            },
+            initial_accounts,
+            tx,
+        )
+    }
+
+    async fn call_rpc_handler_with_json(
+        handler: JsonHandlerWithMockClients,
+        request_json: Value,
+    ) -> Value {
+        use actix_web::{App, test, web};
+
+        let app = test::init_service(App::new().app_data(web::Data::new(handler)).route(
+            "/",
+            web::post().to(rpc_handler::<JsonHandlerWithMockClients>),
+        ))
+        .await;
+
+        let req = test::TestRequest::post()
+            .uri("/")
+            .set_json(request_json)
+            .to_request();
+
+        let resp = test::call_service(&app, req).await;
+        let body = test::read_body(resp).await;
+
+        serde_json::from_slice(&body).unwrap()
+    }
+
+    #[actix_web::test]
+    async fn get_account_balance_for_non_existent_account() {
+        let (json_handler, _, _) = components_for_tests().await;
+        let request = serde_json::json!({
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "method": "get_account_balance",
+            "params": { "account_id": "11".repeat(16) },
+            "id": 1
+        });
+        let expected_response = serde_json::json!({
+            "id": 1,
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "result": {
+                "balance": 0
+            }
+        });
+
+        let response = call_rpc_handler_with_json(json_handler, request).await;
+
+        assert_eq!(response, expected_response);
+    }
+
+    #[actix_web::test]
+    async fn get_account_balance_for_invalid_base58() {
+        let (json_handler, _, _) = components_for_tests().await;
+        let request = serde_json::json!({
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "method": "get_account_balance",
+            "params": { "account_id": "not_a_valid_base58" },
+            "id": 1
+        });
+        let expected_response = serde_json::json!({
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "id": 1,
+            "error": {
+                "cause": {
+                    "info": {
+                        "error_message": "Failed parsing args: invalid base58: InvalidBase58Character('_', 3)"
+                    },
+                    "name": "PARSE_ERROR"
+                },
+                "code": -32700,
+                "data": "Failed parsing args: invalid base58: InvalidBase58Character('_', 3)",
+                "message": "Parse error",
+                "name": "REQUEST_VALIDATION_ERROR"
+            },
+        });
+        let response = call_rpc_handler_with_json(json_handler, request).await;
+
+        assert_eq!(response, expected_response);
+    }
+
+    #[actix_web::test]
+    async fn get_account_balance_for_invalid_length() {
+        let (json_handler, _, _) = components_for_tests().await;
+        let request = serde_json::json!({
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "method": "get_account_balance",
+            "params": { "account_id": "cafecafe" },
+            "id": 1
+        });
+        let expected_response = serde_json::json!({
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "id": 1,
+            "error": {
+                "cause": {
+                    "info": {
+                        "error_message": "Failed parsing args: invalid length: expected 32 bytes, got 6"
+                    },
+                    "name": "PARSE_ERROR"
+                },
+                "code": -32700,
+                "data": "Failed parsing args: invalid length: expected 32 bytes, got 6",
+                "message": "Parse error",
+                "name": "REQUEST_VALIDATION_ERROR"
+            },
+        });
+        let response = call_rpc_handler_with_json(json_handler, request).await;
+
+        assert_eq!(response, expected_response);
+    }
+
+    #[actix_web::test]
+    async fn get_account_balance_for_existing_account() {
+        let (json_handler, initial_accounts, _) = components_for_tests().await;
+
+        let acc1_id = initial_accounts[0].account_id;
+
+        let request = serde_json::json!({
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "method": "get_account_balance",
+            "params": { "account_id": acc1_id },
+            "id": 1
+        });
+        let expected_response = serde_json::json!({
+            "id": 1,
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "result": {
+                "balance": 10000 - 10
+            }
+        });
+
+        let response = call_rpc_handler_with_json(json_handler, request).await;
+
+        assert_eq!(response, expected_response);
+    }
+
+    #[actix_web::test]
+    async fn get_accounts_nonces_for_non_existent_account() {
+        let (json_handler, _, _) = components_for_tests().await;
+        let request = serde_json::json!({
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "method": "get_accounts_nonces",
+            "params": { "account_ids": ["11".repeat(16)] },
+            "id": 1
+        });
+        let expected_response = serde_json::json!({
+            "id": 1,
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "result": {
+                "nonces": [ 0 ]
+            }
+        });
+
+        let response = call_rpc_handler_with_json(json_handler, request).await;
+
+        assert_eq!(response, expected_response);
+    }
+
+    #[actix_web::test]
+    async fn get_accounts_nonces_for_existent_account() {
+        let (json_handler, initial_accounts, _) = components_for_tests().await;
+
+        let acc1_id = initial_accounts[0].account_id;
+        let acc2_id = initial_accounts[1].account_id;
+
+        let request = serde_json::json!({
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "method": "get_accounts_nonces",
+            "params": { "account_ids": [acc1_id, acc2_id] },
+            "id": 1
+        });
+        let expected_response = serde_json::json!({
+            "id": 1,
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "result": {
+                "nonces": [ 1, 0 ]
+            }
+        });
+
+        let response = call_rpc_handler_with_json(json_handler, request).await;
+
+        assert_eq!(response, expected_response);
+    }
+
+    #[actix_web::test]
+    async fn get_account_data_for_non_existent_account() {
+        let (json_handler, _, _) = components_for_tests().await;
+        let request = serde_json::json!({
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "method": "get_account",
+            "params": { "account_id": "11".repeat(16) },
+            "id": 1
+        });
+        let expected_response = serde_json::json!({
+            "id": 1,
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "result": {
+                "account": {
+                    "balance": 0,
+                    "nonce": 0,
+                    "program_owner": [ 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0],
+                    "data": [],
+                }
+            }
+        });
+
+        let response = call_rpc_handler_with_json(json_handler, request).await;
+
+        assert_eq!(response, expected_response);
+    }
+
+    #[actix_web::test]
+    async fn get_transaction_by_hash_for_non_existent_hash() {
+        let (json_handler, _, _) = components_for_tests().await;
+        let request = serde_json::json!({
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "method": "get_transaction_by_hash",
+            "params": { "hash": "cafe".repeat(16) },
+            "id": 1
+        });
+        let expected_response = serde_json::json!({
+            "id": 1,
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "result": {
+                "transaction": null
+            }
+        });
+
+        let response = call_rpc_handler_with_json(json_handler, request).await;
+
+        assert_eq!(response, expected_response);
+    }
+
+    #[actix_web::test]
+    async fn get_transaction_by_hash_for_invalid_hex() {
+        let (json_handler, _, _) = components_for_tests().await;
+        let request = serde_json::json!({
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "method": "get_transaction_by_hash",
+            "params": { "hash": "not_a_valid_hex" },
+            "id": 1
+        });
+        let expected_response = serde_json::json!({
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "id": 1,
+            "error": {
+                "cause": {
+                    "info": {
+                        "error_message": "Failed parsing args: Odd number of digits"
+                    },
+                    "name": "PARSE_ERROR"
+                },
+                "code": -32700,
+                "data": "Failed parsing args: Odd number of digits",
+                "message": "Parse error",
+                "name": "REQUEST_VALIDATION_ERROR"
+            },
+        });
+
+        let response = call_rpc_handler_with_json(json_handler, request).await;
+
+        assert_eq!(response, expected_response);
+    }
+
+    #[actix_web::test]
+    async fn get_transaction_by_hash_for_invalid_length() {
+        let (json_handler, _, _) = components_for_tests().await;
+        let request = serde_json::json!({
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "method": "get_transaction_by_hash",
+            "params": { "hash": "cafecafe" },
+            "id": 1
+        });
+        let expected_response = serde_json::json!({
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "id": 1,
+            "error": {
+                "cause": {
+                    "info": {
+                        "error_message": "Failed parsing args: Invalid string length"
+                    },
+                    "name": "PARSE_ERROR"
+                },
+                "code": -32700,
+                "data": "Failed parsing args: Invalid string length",
+                "message": "Parse error",
+                "name": "REQUEST_VALIDATION_ERROR"
+            }
+        });
+
+        let response = call_rpc_handler_with_json(json_handler, request).await;
+
+        assert_eq!(response, expected_response);
+    }
+
+    #[actix_web::test]
+    async fn get_transaction_by_hash_for_existing_transaction() {
+        let (json_handler, _, tx) = components_for_tests().await;
+        let tx_hash_hex = hex::encode(tx.hash());
+        let expected_base64_encoded = general_purpose::STANDARD.encode(borsh::to_vec(&tx).unwrap());
+
+        let request = serde_json::json!({
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "method": "get_transaction_by_hash",
+            "params": { "hash": tx_hash_hex},
+            "id": 1
+        });
+
+        let expected_response = serde_json::json!({
+            "id": 1,
+            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
+            "result": {
+                "transaction": expected_base64_encoded,
+            }
+        });
+        let response = call_rpc_handler_with_json(json_handler, request).await;
+
+        assert_eq!(response, expected_response);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/storage/src/indexer.rs b/storage/src/indexer.rs
index 8eb40ef4..07ceba8a 100644
--- a/storage/src/indexer.rs
+++ b/storage/src/indexer.rs
@@ -677,7 +677,7 @@ impl RocksDBIO {
                                 "transaction pre check failed with err {err:?}"
                             ))
                         })?
-                        .execute_check_on_state(&mut breakpoint)
+                        .execute_check_on_state(&mut breakpoint, block.header.block_id)
                         .map_err(|err| {
                             DbError::db_interaction_error(format!(
                                 "transaction execution failed with err {err:?}"
diff --git a/test_program_methods/guest/src/bin/validity_window.rs b/test_program_methods/guest/src/bin/validity_window.rs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..03f31073
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test_program_methods/guest/src/bin/validity_window.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+use nssa_core::program::{
+    AccountPostState, BlockId, ProgramInput, ProgramOutput, read_nssa_inputs,
+};
+
+type Instruction = (Option<BlockId>, Option<BlockId>);
+
+fn main() {
+    let (
+        ProgramInput {
+            pre_states,
+            instruction: (from_id, until_id),
+        },
+        instruction_words,
+    ) = read_nssa_inputs::<Instruction>();
+
+    let Ok([pre]) = <[_; 1]>::try_from(pre_states) else {
+        return;
+    };
+
+    let post = pre.account.clone();
+
+    let output = ProgramOutput::new(
+        instruction_words,
+        vec![pre],
+        vec![AccountPostState::new(post)],
+    )
+    .valid_from_id(from_id)
+    .unwrap()
+    .valid_until_id(until_id)
+    .unwrap();
+
+    output.write();
+}
diff --git a/wallet-ffi/src/pinata.rs b/wallet-ffi/src/pinata.rs
index 7ec2fc48..5807db7b 100644
--- a/wallet-ffi/src/pinata.rs
+++ b/wallet-ffi/src/pinata.rs
@@ -77,9 +77,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn wallet_ffi_claim_pinata(
     match block_on(pinata.claim(pinata_id, winner_id, solution)) {
         Ok(tx_hash) => {
             let tx_hash = CString::new(tx_hash.to_string())
-                .map(std::ffi::CString::into_raw)
-                .unwrap_or(ptr::null_mut());
-
+                .map_or(ptr::null_mut(), std::ffi::CString::into_raw);
             unsafe {
                 (*out_result).tx_hash = tx_hash;
                 (*out_result).success = true;
@@ -184,8 +182,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn wallet_ffi_claim_pinata_private_owned_already_initializ
     ) {
         Ok((tx_hash, _shared_key)) => {
             let tx_hash = CString::new(tx_hash.to_string())
-                .map(std::ffi::CString::into_raw)
-                .unwrap_or(ptr::null_mut());
+                .map_or(ptr::null_mut(), std::ffi::CString::into_raw);
 
             unsafe {
                 (*out_result).tx_hash = tx_hash;
@@ -270,8 +267,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn wallet_ffi_claim_pinata_private_owned_not_initialized(
     match block_on(pinata.claim_private_owned_account(pinata_id, winner_id, solution)) {
         Ok((tx_hash, _shared_key)) => {
             let tx_hash = CString::new(tx_hash.to_string())
-                .map(std::ffi::CString::into_raw)
-                .unwrap_or(ptr::null_mut());
+                .map_or(ptr::null_mut(), std::ffi::CString::into_raw);
 
             unsafe {
                 (*out_result).tx_hash = tx_hash;
diff --git a/wallet-ffi/src/transfer.rs b/wallet-ffi/src/transfer.rs
index 5b1e27d2..739832ae 100644
--- a/wallet-ffi/src/transfer.rs
+++ b/wallet-ffi/src/transfer.rs
@@ -75,8 +75,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn wallet_ffi_transfer_public(
     match block_on(transfer.send_public_transfer(from_id, to_id, amount)) {
         Ok(tx_hash) => {
             let tx_hash = CString::new(tx_hash.to_string())
-                .map(std::ffi::CString::into_raw)
-                .unwrap_or(ptr::null_mut());
+                .map_or(ptr::null_mut(), std::ffi::CString::into_raw);
 
             unsafe {
                 (*out_result).tx_hash = tx_hash;
@@ -165,8 +164,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn wallet_ffi_transfer_shielded(
     ) {
         Ok((tx_hash, _shared_key)) => {
             let tx_hash = CString::new(tx_hash.to_string())
-                .map(std::ffi::CString::into_raw)
-                .unwrap_or(ptr::null_mut());
+                .map_or(ptr::null_mut(), std::ffi::CString::into_raw);
 
             unsafe {
                 (*out_result).tx_hash = tx_hash;
@@ -246,8 +244,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn wallet_ffi_transfer_deshielded(
     match block_on(transfer.send_deshielded_transfer(from_id, to_id, amount)) {
         Ok((tx_hash, _shared_key)) => {
             let tx_hash = CString::new(tx_hash.to_string())
-                .map(std::ffi::CString::into_raw)
-                .unwrap_or(ptr::null_mut());
+                .map_or(ptr::null_mut(), std::ffi::CString::into_raw);
 
             unsafe {
                 (*out_result).tx_hash = tx_hash;
@@ -335,8 +332,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn wallet_ffi_transfer_private(
     {
         Ok((tx_hash, _shared_key)) => {
             let tx_hash = CString::new(tx_hash.to_string())
-                .map(std::ffi::CString::into_raw)
-                .unwrap_or(ptr::null_mut());
+                .map_or(ptr::null_mut(), std::ffi::CString::into_raw);
 
             unsafe {
                 (*out_result).tx_hash = tx_hash;
@@ -419,8 +415,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn wallet_ffi_transfer_shielded_owned(
     match block_on(transfer.send_shielded_transfer(from_id, to_id, amount)) {
         Ok((tx_hash, _shared_key)) => {
             let tx_hash = CString::new(tx_hash.to_string())
-                .map(std::ffi::CString::into_raw)
-                .unwrap_or(ptr::null_mut());
+                .map_or(ptr::null_mut(), std::ffi::CString::into_raw);
 
             unsafe {
                 (*out_result).tx_hash = tx_hash;
@@ -503,8 +498,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn wallet_ffi_transfer_private_owned(
     match block_on(transfer.send_private_transfer_to_owned_account(from_id, to_id, amount)) {
         Ok((tx_hash, _shared_keys)) => {
             let tx_hash = CString::new(tx_hash.to_string())
-                .map(std::ffi::CString::into_raw)
-                .unwrap_or(ptr::null_mut());
+                .map_or(ptr::null_mut(), std::ffi::CString::into_raw);
 
             unsafe {
                 (*out_result).tx_hash = tx_hash;
@@ -575,8 +569,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn wallet_ffi_register_public_account(
     match block_on(transfer.register_account(account_id)) {
         Ok(tx_hash) => {
             let tx_hash = CString::new(tx_hash.to_string())
-                .map(std::ffi::CString::into_raw)
-                .unwrap_or(ptr::null_mut());
+                .map_or(ptr::null_mut(), std::ffi::CString::into_raw);
 
             unsafe {
                 (*out_result).tx_hash = tx_hash;
@@ -647,8 +640,7 @@ pub unsafe extern "C" fn wallet_ffi_register_private_account(
     match block_on(transfer.register_account_private(account_id)) {
         Ok((tx_hash, _secret)) => {
             let tx_hash = CString::new(tx_hash.to_string())
-                .map(std::ffi::CString::into_raw)
-                .unwrap_or(ptr::null_mut());
+                .map_or(ptr::null_mut(), std::ffi::CString::into_raw);
 
             unsafe {
                 (*out_result).tx_hash = tx_hash;