diff --git a/carnot/PoS_attestation.py b/carnot/PoS_attestation.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9cf234
--- /dev/null
+++ b/carnot/PoS_attestation.py
@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+
+import random
+import zlib
+
+from bitarray import bitarray
+
+# This is the novel PoS attestation mechanism for Carnot. The goal of here is to avoid expensive O(n) signature
+# aggregation and verification.
+
+# A node receives bitarrays from its children, containing information on votes from its grand child committees.
+def count_on_bitarray_fields(bitarrays, threshold, threshold2):
+    assert all(len(bitarray) == len(bitarrays[0]) for bitarray in bitarrays), "All bit arrays must have the same length"
+    assert all(sum(bitarray) >= threshold2 for bitarray in
+               bitarrays), "Each bit array must have at least threshold2 number of 'on' bits"
+
+    num_bitarrays = len(bitarrays)
+    array_size = len(bitarrays[0])  # Assuming all bit arrays have the same size
+
+    result = [0] * array_size
+
+    for i in range(array_size):
+        count = sum(bitarray[i] for bitarray in bitarrays)
+        if count >= threshold:
+            result[i] = 1  # or True
+
+    return result
+
+
+bitarrays = [
+    [1, 0, 1, 0, 1],
+    [0, 0, 1, 1, 1],
+    [1, 0, 0, 1, 0]
+]
+threshold = 2
+threshold2 = 1
+
+
+result = count_on_bitarray_fields(bitarrays, threshold, threshold2)
+print(result)  # Output: [1, 0, 1, 0, 1]
+
+
+def getIndex(idSet, sender):
+    for index, voter in enumerate(idSet):
+        if sender == voter:
+            return index
+    return -1  # Return -1 if the sender is not found in the idSet
+
+
+def createCommitteeBitArray(voters, committee_size):
+    committee_bit_array = [False] * committee_size
+
+    for vote in voters:
+        sender = vote.sender
+        index = getIndex(voters, sender)
+        if index >= 0 and index < committee_size:
+            committee_bit_array[index] = True
+
+    return committee_bit_array
+
+
+
+
+
+def merge_bitarrays(bitarray1, bitarray2):
+    merged_array = bitarray1 + bitarray2
+    return merged_array
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+