102 lines
4.5 KiB
Python
102 lines
4.5 KiB
Python
# Constantine
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# Copyright (c) 2018-2019 Status Research & Development GmbH
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# Copyright (c) 2020-Present Mamy André-Ratsimbazafy
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# Licensed and distributed under either of
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# * MIT license (license terms in the root directory or at http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT).
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# * Apache v2 license (license terms in the root directory or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0).
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# at your option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed except according to those terms.
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# ############################################################
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#
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# BLS12 Curves parameters
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# (Barreto-Lynn-Scott with embedding degree of 12)
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#
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# ############################################################
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#
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# This module derives a BLS12 curve parameters from
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# its base parameter u
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def compute_curve_characteristic(u_str):
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u = sage_eval(u_str)
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p = (u - 1)^2 * (u^4 - u^2 + 1)//3 + u
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r = u^4 - u^2 + 1
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print(f'BLS12 family - {p.nbits()} bits')
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print(' Prime modulus: 0x' + p.hex())
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print(' Curve order: 0x' + r.hex())
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print(' Parameter u: ' + u_str)
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if u < 0:
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print(' Parameter u (hex): -0x' + (-u).hex())
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else:
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print(' Parameter u (hex): 0x' + u.hex())
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print()
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print(f' p mod 3: ' + str(p % 3))
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print(f' p mod 4: ' + str(p % 4))
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print(f' p mod 8: ' + str(p % 8))
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print(f' p mod 12: ' + str(p % 12))
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print(f' p mod 16: ' + str(p % 16))
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print()
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print(f' p^2 mod 3: ' + str(p^2 % 3))
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print(f' p^2 mod 4: ' + str(p^2 % 4))
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print(f' p^2 mod 8: ' + str(p^2 % 8))
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print(f' p^2 mod 12: ' + str(p^2 % 12))
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print(f' p^2 mod 16: ' + str(p^2 % 16))
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print()
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print(f' Endomorphism-based acceleration when p mod 3 == 1')
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print(f' Endomorphism can be field multiplication by one of the non-trivial cube root of unity 𝜑')
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print(f' Rationale:')
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print(f' curve equation is y² = x³ + b, and y² = (x𝜑)³ + b <=> y² = x³ + b (with 𝜑³ == 1) so we are still on the curve')
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print(f' this means that multiplying by 𝜑 the x-coordinate is equivalent to a scalar multiplication by some λᵩ')
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print(f' with λᵩ² + λᵩ + 1 ≡ 0 (mod CurveOrder), see below. Hence we have a 2 dimensional decomposition of the scalar multiplication')
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print(f' i.e. For any [s]P, we can find a corresponding [k1]P + [k2][λᵩ]P with [λᵩ]P being a simple field multiplication by 𝜑')
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print(f' Finding cube roots:')
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print(f' x³−1=0 <=> (x−1)(x²+x+1) = 0, if x != 1, x solves (x²+x+1) = 0 <=> x = (-1±√3)/2')
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print(f' cube roots of unity: ' + str(['0x' + Integer(root).hex() for root in GF(p)(1).nth_root(3, all=True)]))
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print(f' GLV-2 decomposition of s into (k1, k2) on G1')
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print(f' (k1, k2) = (s, 0) - 𝛼1 b1 - 𝛼2 b2')
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print(f' 𝛼i = 𝛼\u0302i * s / r')
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print(f' Lattice b1: ' + str(['0x' + b.hex() for b in [u^2-1, -1]]))
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print(f' Lattice b2: ' + str(['0x' + b.hex() for b in [1, u^2]]))
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# Babai rounding
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ahat1 = u^2
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ahat2 = 1
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# We want a1 = ahat1 * s/r with m = 2 (for a 2-dim decomposition) and r the curve order
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# To handle rounding errors we instead multiply by
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# 𝜈 = (2^WordBitWidth)^w (i.e. the same as the R magic constant for Montgomery arithmetic)
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# with 𝜈 > r and w minimal so that 𝜈 > r
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# a1 = ahat1*𝜈/r * s/𝜈
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v = int(r).bit_length()
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print(f' r.bit_length(): {v}')
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v = int(((v + 64 - 1) // 64) * 64) # round to next multiple of 64
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print(f' 𝜈 > r, 𝜈: 2^{v}')
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print(f' Babai roundings')
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print(f' 𝛼\u03021: ' + '0x' + ahat1.hex())
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print(f' 𝛼\u03022: ' + '0x' + ahat2.hex())
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print(f' Handle rounding errors')
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print(f' 𝛼\u03051 = 𝛼\u03021 * s / r with 𝛼1 = (𝛼\u03021 * 𝜈/r) * s/𝜈')
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print(f' 𝛼\u03052 = 𝛼\u03022 * s / r with 𝛼2 = (𝛼\u03022 * 𝜈/r) * s/𝜈')
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print(f' -----------------------------------------------------')
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l1 = Integer(ahat1 << v) // r
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l2 = Integer(ahat2 << v) // r
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print(f' 𝛼1 = (0x{l1.hex()} * s) >> {v}')
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print(f' 𝛼2 = (0x{l2.hex()} * s) >> {v}')
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if __name__ == "__main__":
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# Usage
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# sage sage/curve_family_bls12.sage '-(2^63 + 2^62 + 2^60 + 2^57 + 2^48 + 2^16)'
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from argparse import ArgumentParser
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parser = ArgumentParser()
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parser.add_argument("curve_param",nargs="+")
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args = parser.parse_args()
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compute_curve_characteristic(args.curve_param[0])
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