Introduce types and add some boolean primitives

hardy.nim

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-# hardy
+# Hardy
 # Copyright (c) 2018 Status Research & Development GmbH
 # Licensed and distributed under either of
 #   * MIT license (license terms in the root directory or at http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT).

hardy/bool_primitives.nim

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Hardy
+# Copyright (c) 2018 Status Research & Development GmbH
+# Licensed and distributed under either of
+#   * MIT license (license terms in the root directory or at http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT).
+#   * Apache v2 license (license terms in the root directory or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0).
+# at your option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed except according to those terms.
+
+import ./datatypes
+
+# ################################
+#
+# Constant-time boolean primitives
+#
+# ################################
+
+# The main challenge is to prevent conditional branch/jump
+# in the generated assembly.
+#
+# Note:
+#   let x = if true: 1 else: 2
+#
+# does not guarantee a constant-time conditional move
+# The compiler might introduce branching.
+
+# These primitives are internal to Hardy.
+# We don't want to pollute unsuspecting users
+# with `not` and `-` on unsigned ints
+
+func high*(T: typedesc[HardBase]): T {.inline.}=
+  result = not T(0)
+
+func `not`*[T: HardBase](ctl: HardBool[T]): HardBool[T] {.inline.}=
+  ## Negate a constant-time boolean
+  result = ctl xor 1.T
+
+func `-`*(x: HardBase): HardBase {.inline.}=
+  ## Unary minus returns the two-complement representation
+  ## of an unsigned integer
+  const max = high(type x)
+  result = (max xor x) + 1
+
+func mux*[T: HardBase](ctl: HardBool[T], x, y: T): T {.inline.}=
+  ## Returns x if ctl == 1
+  ## else returns y
+  result = y xor (-ctl.HardBase and (x xor y))

hardy/datatypes.nim

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+# Hardy
+# Copyright (c) 2018 Status Research & Development GmbH
+# Licensed and distributed under either of
+#   * MIT license (license terms in the root directory or at http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT).
+#   * Apache v2 license (license terms in the root directory or at http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0).
+# at your option. This file may not be copied, modified, or distributed except according to those terms.
+
+type
+  HardBase* = SomeUnsignedInt or byte
+
+  HardBool*[T: HardBase] = range[T(0)..T(1)]
+    ## To avoid the compiler replacing bitwise boolean operations
+    ## by conditional branches, we don't use booleans.
+    ## We use an int to prevent compiler "optimization" and introduction of branches
+
+  Hard*[T: HardBase] = distinct openarray[T]
+    ## Hardy primitives are memory-backend agnostic.
+    ## Hardy integers can be stored in an opaque stack array
+    ## or a seq or even a string.
+    ##
+    ## Allocations is left to the client library.
+    ## Note that constant-time allocation is very involved for
+    ## heap-allocated types (i.e. requires a memory pool)